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Brian A King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characteristics of electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students united states 2015
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2016
    Co-Authors: Tushar Singh, Sara M Kennedy, Kristy L Marynak, Alexander Persoskie, Paul Melstrom, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are now the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. youths (1,2); in 2015, 5.3% of middle school students and 16.0% of high school students reported using e-Cigarettes in the past 30 days (1). However, limited information exists on the e-cigarette product types and brands used and the substances used in these products by youths. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2015 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine the characteristics of e-cigarette use among U.S. middle (grades 6-8) and high (grades 9-12) school students in 2015, including types of products used, brands of products used, and whether substances other than nicotine were used with the products. Among respondents reporting ever having used an e-cigarette, 14.5% used only disposable e-Cigarettes, 53.4% used only rechargeable/refillable e-Cigarettes, and 32.1% used both types. Two of the most commonly used e-cigarette brands were blu (26.4%, 1.65 million youths) and VUSE (12.2%, 760,000 youths); half of students (50.7%, 3.18 million) did not know the brand of e-cigarette they used. One third (32.5%) of those who reported ever using an e-cigarette also reported having used e-Cigarettes for substances other than nicotine. Preventing youths from beginning use of any tobacco product, including e-Cigarettes, is critical to tobacco use prevention and control strategies in the United States (3). Monitoring the characteristics of e-cigarette use among youths, including product types, brands, and ingredients, is important to inform strategies to prevent and reduce e-cigarette use among youths.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

Rebecca Bunnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

  • notes from the field calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic Cigarettes united states september 2010 february 2014
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kevin Chathamstephens, Rebecca Bunnell, Benjamin J Apelberg, Paul Melstrom, Royal Law, Ethel Taylor, Baoguang Wang, Joshua G Schier
    Abstract:

    Electronic nicotine delivery devices such as electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that deliver nicotine, flavorings (e.g., fruit, mint, and chocolate), and other chemicals via an inhaled aerosol. E-Cigarettes that are marketed without a therapeutic claim by the product manufacturer are currently not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In many states, there are no restrictions on the sale of e-Cigarettes to minors. Although e-cigarette use is increasing among U.S. adolescents and adults, its overall impact on public health remains unclear. One area of concern is the potential of e-Cigarettes to cause acute nicotine toxicity. To assess the frequency of exposures to e-Cigarettes and characterize the reported adverse health effects associated with e-Cigarettes, CDC analyzed data on calls to U.S. poison centers (PCs) about human exposures to e-Cigarettes (exposure calls) for the period September 2010 (when new, unique codes were added specifically for capturing e-cigarette calls) through February 2014. To provide a comparison to a conventional product with known toxicity, the number and characteristics of e-cigarette exposure calls were compared with those of conventional tobacco cigarette exposure calls.

Benjamin J Apelberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

  • intentions to smoke Cigarettes among never smoking us middle and high school electronic cigarette users national youth tobacco survey 2011 2013
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rebecca Bunnell, Blair N Coleman, Rene A Arrazola, Israel T Agaku, Benjamin J Apelberg, Ralph S Caraballo, Catherine G Corey, Shanta R Dube, Brian A King
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing rapidly and their impact on youth is unknown. We assessed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking intentions among U.S. youth who had never smoked conventional Cigarettes. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Youth Tobacco Surveys of students in grades 6–12. Youth reporting they would definitely not smoke in the next year or if offered a cigarette by a friend were defined as not having an intention to smoke, while all others were classified as having positive intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes. Demographics, pro-tobacco advertisement exposure, ever use of e-Cigarettes, and ever use of other combustibles (cigars, hookah, bidis, kreteks, and pipes) and noncombustibles (chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, and dissolvables) were included in multivariate analyses assessing associations with smoking intentions among never-cigarette-smoking youth. Results: Between 2011 and 2013, the number of never-smoking youth who used e-Cigarettes increased 3-fold, from 79,000 to over 263,000. Intention to smoke conventional Cigarettes was 43.9% among ever e-cigarette users and 21.5% among never users. Ever e-cigarette users had higher adjusted odds of having smoking intentions than never users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.32). Those who ever used other combustibles, ever used noncombustibles, or reported pro-tobacco advertisement exposure also had increased odds of smoking intentions. Conclusion: In 2013, over a quarter million never-smoking youth had used e-Cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to smoke Cigarettes. Enhanced prevention efforts for youth are important for all forms of tobacco, including e-Cigarettes.

  • perceptions of the relative harm of Cigarettes and e Cigarettes among u s youth
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bridget K Ambrose, David B Portnoy, Annette R Kaufman, Benjamin J Apelberg, Brian L Rostron, Sarah E Johnson, Conrad J Choiniere
    Abstract:

    Background Despite progress in reducing youth smoking, adolescents remain highly susceptible to tobacco use. Of concern is whether youth perceive electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) as a preferable alternative to conventional Cigarettes. Purpose To describe cigarette harm perception patterns among youth based on the frequency and intensity of cigarette smoking, and examine the relative harm perceptions of conventional versus e-Cigarettes, using data from a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. Methods Data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N=24,658) were analyzed in 2013 to identify patterns of cigarette harm perceptions. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify associations between demographic and tobacco use characteristics and cigarette harm perception patterns. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between cigarette harm perceptions and the perception of e-Cigarettes as less harmful than Cigarettes for current, ever, and never cigarette smokers. Results The majority of youth (64.2%) perceived the harmfulness of Cigarettes as dose-dependent. Approximately one in three students perceived e-Cigarettes as less harmful than conventional Cigarettes. Regardless of cigarette smoking status, ever users of e-Cigarettes and those with "dose-dependent" cigarette harm perceptions consistently were more likely to perceive e-Cigarettes as less harmful than conventional Cigarettes. Conclusions Many youth perceive tobacco use on a continuum of harm. Youth who perceive gradations in harm—both by frequency and intensity of cigarette use and by type of product—may be particularly susceptible to e-cigarette use.

  • notes from the field calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic Cigarettes united states september 2010 february 2014
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kevin Chathamstephens, Rebecca Bunnell, Benjamin J Apelberg, Paul Melstrom, Royal Law, Ethel Taylor, Baoguang Wang, Joshua G Schier
    Abstract:

    Electronic nicotine delivery devices such as electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that deliver nicotine, flavorings (e.g., fruit, mint, and chocolate), and other chemicals via an inhaled aerosol. E-Cigarettes that are marketed without a therapeutic claim by the product manufacturer are currently not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In many states, there are no restrictions on the sale of e-Cigarettes to minors. Although e-cigarette use is increasing among U.S. adolescents and adults, its overall impact on public health remains unclear. One area of concern is the potential of e-Cigarettes to cause acute nicotine toxicity. To assess the frequency of exposures to e-Cigarettes and characterize the reported adverse health effects associated with e-Cigarettes, CDC analyzed data on calls to U.S. poison centers (PCs) about human exposures to e-Cigarettes (exposure calls) for the period September 2010 (when new, unique codes were added specifically for capturing e-cigarette calls) through February 2014. To provide a comparison to a conventional product with known toxicity, the number and characteristics of e-cigarette exposure calls were compared with those of conventional tobacco cigarette exposure calls.

Stanton A Glantz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • electronic cigarette use and progression from experimentation to established smoking
    Pediatrics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Benjamin W Chaffee, Shannon Lea Watkins, Stanton A Glantz
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: It has been shown that never-smoking adolescents who try electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are at increased risk of subsequent conventional cigarette smoking. We evaluated associations between e-cigarette use and progression to established smoking among adolescents who had already tried Cigarettes. METHODS: Among participants (age 12–17 years) in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey who had smoked a cigarette (≥1 puff) but not yet smoked 100 Cigarettes ( N = 1295), we examined 3 outcomes at 1-year follow-up as a function of baseline e-cigarette use: (1) having smoked ≥100 Cigarettes (established smoking), (2) smoking during the past 30 days, and (3) both having smoked ≥100 Cigarettes and past 30-day smoking (current established smoking). Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for smoking risk factors. RESULTS: Versus e-cigarette never use, having ever used e-Cigarettes was positively associated with progression to established cigarette smoking (19.3% vs 9.7%), past 30-day smoking (38.8% vs 26.6%), and current established smoking (15.6% vs 7.1%). In adjusted models, e-cigarette ever use positively predicted current established smoking (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.04–3.12) but did not reach statistical significance (α = .05) for established smoking (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.99–2.49) and past 30-day smoking (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.99–1.76). CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescent cigarette experimenters, using e-Cigarettes was positively and independently associated with progression to current established smoking, suggesting that e-Cigarettes do not divert from, and may encourage, cigarette smoking in this population.

  • e Cigarettes and smoking cessation in real world and clinical settings a systematic review and meta analysis
    The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sara Kalkhoran, Stanton A Glantz
    Abstract:

    Summary Background Smokers increasingly use e-Cigarettes for many reasons, including attempts to quit combustible Cigarettes and to use nicotine where smoking is prohibited. We aimed to assess the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking cessation among adult cigarette smokers, irrespective of their motivation for using e-Cigarettes. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched between April 27, 2015, and June 17, 2015. Data extracted included study location, design, population, definition and prevalence of e-cigarette use, comparison group (if applicable), cigarette consumption, level of nicotine dependence, other confounders, definition of quitting smoking, and odds of quitting smoking. The primary endpoint was cigarette smoking cessation. Odds of smoking cessation among smokers using e-Cigarettes compared with smokers not using e-Cigarettes were assessed using a random effects meta-analysis. A modification of the ACROBAT-NRSI tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess bias. This meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42015020382). Findings 38 studies (of 577 studies identified) were included in the systematic review; all 20 studies with control groups (15 cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two clinical trials) were included in random effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses. Odds of quitting Cigarettes were 28% lower in those who used e-Cigarettes compared with those who did not use e-Cigarettes (odds ratio [OR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57–0·91). Association of e-cigarette use with quitting did not significantly differ among studies of all smokers using e-Cigarettes (irrespective of interest in quitting Cigarettes) compared with studies of only smokers interested in cigarette cessation (OR 0·63, 95% CI 0·45–0·86 vs 0·86, 0·60–1·23; p=0·94). Other study characteristics (design, population, comparison group, control variables, time of exposure assessment, biochemical verification of abstinence, and definition of e-cigarette use) were also not associated with the overall effect size (p≥0·77 in all cases). Interpretation As currently being used, e-Cigarettes are associated with significantly less quitting among smokers. Funding National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, FDA Center for Tobacco Products.

  • electronic cigarette use among korean adolescents a cross sectional study of market penetration dual use and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking
    Journal of Adolescent Health, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sungkyu Lee, Rachel Grana, Stanton A Glantz
    Abstract:

    Purpose As elsewhere, in South Korea electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are marketed, in part, as a smoking cessation aid. We assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Korean adolescents and the relationship between e-cigarette use and current (past 30-day) smoking, Cigarettes/day, attempts to quit conventional Cigarettes, and ceasing to use Cigarettes.

  • e Cigarettes a scientific review
    Circulation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rachel Grana, Neal L. Benowitz, Stanton A Glantz
    Abstract:

    Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are products that deliver a nicotine-containing aerosol (commonly called vapor) to users by heating a solution typically made up of propylene glycol or glycerol (glycerin), nicotine, and flavoring agents (Figure 1) invented in their current form by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik in the early 2000s.1 The US patent application describes the e-cigarette device as “an electronic atomization cigarette that functions as substitutes [sic] for quitting smoking and cigarette substitutes ” (patent No. 8,490,628 B2). By 2013, the major multinational tobacco companies had entered the e-cigarette market. E-Cigarettes are marketed via television, the Internet, and print advertisements (that often feature celebrities)2 as healthier alternatives to tobacco smoking, as useful for quitting smoking and reducing cigarette consumption, and as a way to circumvent smoke-free laws by enabling users to “smoke anywhere.”3 Figure 1. Examples of different electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products. Reproduced from Grana et al.1 There has been rapid market penetration of e-Cigarettes despite many unanswered questions about their safety, efficacy for harm reduction and cessation, and total impact on public health. E-cigarette products are changing quickly, and many of the findings from studies of older products may not be relevant to the assessment of newer products that could be safer and more effective as nicotine delivery devices. In addition, marketing and other environmental influences may vary from country to country, so patterns of use and the ultimate impact on public health may differ. The individual risks and benefits and the total impact of these products occur in the context of the widespread and continuing availability of conventional Cigarettes and other tobacco products, with high levels of dual use of e-Cigarettes and conventional Cigarettes at the same time among adults4–8 and youth.9–11 It is important to assess e-cigarette toxicant exposure and …

Maciej L. Goniewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • nicotine carcinogen and toxin exposure in long term e cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy users a cross sectional study
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Lio Shahab, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Enjami C Lou, A Mcneill, K U Alwis, Ju Feng, Lanqing Wang, Robe Wes
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Given the rapid increase in the popularity of e-Cigarettes and the paucity of associated longitudinal health-related data, the need to assess the potential risks of long-term use is essential. OBJECTIVE: To compare exposure to nicotine, tobacco-related carcinogens, and toxins among smokers of combustible Cigarettes only, former smokers with long-term e-cigarette use only, former smokers with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use only, long-term dual users of both combustible Cigarettes and e-Cigarettes, and long-term users of both combustible Cigarettes and NRT. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: The following 5 groups were purposively recruited: combustible cigarette-only users, former smokers with long-term (≥6 months) e-cigarette-only or NRT-only use, and long-term dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette or combustible cigarette-NRT users (n = 36 to 37 per group; total n = 181). MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic and smoking characteristics were assessed. Participants provided urine and saliva samples and were analyzed for biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). RESULTS: After confounders were controlled for, no clear between-group differences in salivary or urinary biomarkers of nicotine intake were found. The e-cigarette-only and NRT-only users had significantly lower metabolite levels for TSNAs (including the carcinogenic metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol [NNAL]) and VOCs (including metabolites of the toxins acrolein; acrylamide; acrylonitrile; 1,3-butadiene; and ethylene oxide) than combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette, or dual combustible cigarette-NRT users. The e-cigarette-only users had significantly lower NNAL levels than all other groups. Combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-NRT, and dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette users had largely similar levels of TSNA and VOC metabolites. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional design with self-selected sample. CONCLUSION: Former smokers with long-term e-cigarette-only or NRT-only use may obtain roughly similar levels of nicotine compared with smokers of combustible Cigarettes only, but results varied. Long-term NRT-only and e-cigarette-only use, but not dual use of NRTs or e-Cigarettes with combustible Cigarettes, is associated with substantially reduced levels of measured carcinogens and toxins relative to smoking only combustible Cigarettes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Cancer Research UK.

  • rise in electronic cigarette use among adolescents in poland
    Journal of Adolescent Health, 2014
    Co-Authors: Maciej L. Goniewicz, Michal Gawron, Justyna Nadolska, Lukasz Balwicki, Andrzej Sobczak
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purpose Despite the potential negative health effects of electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes), these devices are increasing in popularity worldwide, especially among youth. Methods We compared data from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Poland among students aged 15–19 years in 2010–2011 and 2013–2014. We tested differences between samples in the prevalence of e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarette smoking, and simultaneous use of both tobacco and e-Cigarettes ("dual use") using a multilevel linear mixed model regression. Results We found that the current use of e-Cigarettes among adolescents in Poland was significantly higher in the 2013–2014 sample than the 2010–2011 sample (29.9% vs. 5.5%, respectively; p p p Conclusions Observed parallel increase in e-cigarette use and smoking prevalence does not support the idea that e-Cigarettes are displacing tobacco Cigarettes in this population.

  • secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic Cigarettes
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jan Czogala, Wioleta Zielinskadanch, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Bartlomiej Fidelus, Mark J Travers, Andrzej Sobczak
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are designed to generate inhalable nicotine aerosol (vapor). When an e-cigarette user takes a puff, the nicotine solution is heated and the vapor is taken into lungs. Although no sidestream vapor is generated between puffs, some of the mainstream vapor is exhaled by e-cigarette user. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secondhand exposure to nicotine and other tobacco-related toxicants from e-Cigarettes. Materials and Methods: We measured selected airborne markers of secondhand exposure: nicotine, aerosol particles (PM 2.5 ), carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an exposure chamber. We generated e-cigarette vapor from 3 various brands of e-cigarette using a smoking machine and controlled exposure conditions. We also compared secondhand exposure with e-cigarette vapor and tobacco smoke generated by 5 dual users. Results: The study showed that e-Cigarettes are a source of secondhand exposure to nicotine but not to combustion toxicants. The air concentrations of nicotine emitted by various brands of e-Cigarettes ranged from 0.82 to 6.23 µg/m 3 . The average concentration of nicotine resulting from smoking tobacco Cigarettes was 10 times higher than from e-Cigarettes (31.60 ± 6.91 vs. 3.32 ± 2.49 µg/m 3 , respectively; p = .0081). Conclusions: Using an e-cigarette in indoor environments may involuntarily expose nonusers to nicotine but not to toxic tobacco-specific combustion products. More research is needed to evaluate health consequences of secondhand exposure to nicotine, especially among vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and people with cardiovascular conditions.

  • patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits an internet survey
    Drug and Alcohol Review, 2013
    Co-Authors: Maciej L. Goniewicz, Elena O Lingas, Peter Hajek
    Abstract:

    Introduction and Aims As the popularity of electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) increases, it is becoming important to find out more about the characteristics of e-cigarette users, why and how they use the product and whether e-Cigarettes are used exclusively or in combination with conventional Cigarettes. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns and effects of e-cigarette use and user beliefs about e-cigarette safety and benefits.

  • electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in poland
    Pediatrics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Maciej L. Goniewicz, Wioleta Zielinskadanch
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes) are battery-powered devices developed with the goal of mimicking the action of smoking, including nicotine delivery, without the toxic effects of tobacco smoke. Little is known about the uptake of e-Cigarettes among young people. METHODS: A survey was conducted with a cluster sample of 20 240 students enrolled at 176 nationally representative Polish high schools and universities between September 2010 and June 2011. We estimated national e-cigarette prevalence among various demographic groups by using population weights. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate which demographic factors were independent predictors of 2 outcomes: ever use of e-Cigarettes and use in the previous 30 days. RESULTS: Among high school students, aged 15 to 19 years, 23.5% had ever used e-Cigarettes and 8.2% had done so within the previous 30 days. Among those in universities, aged 20 to 24 years, 19.0% had ever used an e-cigarette and 5.9% had done so in the previous 30 days. In multivariate analyses that controlled for covariates, smoking Cigarettes, male gender, living in an urban area, and having parents who smoke were associated with ever use of e-Cigarettes. Overall, 3.2% of never smoking students reported ever use of e-Cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: About one-fifth of Polish youth have tried e-Cigarettes; most of them had previously smoked Cigarettes. It is unclear whether e-Cigarettes are just a novelty that young people try only once or whether they have potential to compete in the marketplace with conventional Cigarettes. * Abbreviations: CI — : confidence interval e-cigarette — : electronic cigarette