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Mazura Jusoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficiency Study on Vertical-Finned Crystalliser for Concentration of Carrot Juice
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norshafika Yahya, Nazhreen Azlan, Nurul Aini Amran, Ridhuan Hashim, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Norzita Ngadi, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Vertical-Finned Crystalliser (VFC) is a new innovation of the progressive freeze concentration method which is applied in concentration of carrot juice. The aim of this research is to observe the efficiency of this newly designed crystalliser in preserving the beta carotene content in the carrot juice concentrate. The crystalliser is equipped with a cooling jacket and extended surface of heat transfer area which makes it possible to obtain high efficiency operation, highly concentrated carrot juice and pure ice layer in the process. The process started with feeding the carrot juice into the crystalliser and the ethylene glycol coolant was pumped into the cooling jacket. Both carrot juice and coolant were circulated in the crystalliser and cooling jacket using two different pumps, until a layer of ice was formed on the inner wall of the crystalliser, including the extended surface/fins. The range of coolant temperature investigated was -6 °C to -12 °C and Circulation Flowrate of 1,600 mL/min to 2,800 mL/min at constant operation time of 50 min. The efficiency of the process was observed based on the average concentration efficiency value, ? (%) and effective partition constant, K using concentration value from the sample absorbance analysis result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the increase in freezing rate (-8 °C) brought about the increase in average concentration efficiency value, ? and lower K-value. Meanwhile, the best Circulation flow rate was 2,800 mL/min giving higher value of efficiency and lower K-value. The present concentration method using PFC with VFC will be applicable in the industry especially to produce a variety of concentrated liquid food.

  • Optimization of Progressive Freeze Concentration on Apple Juice via Response Surface Methodology
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shafirah Samsuri, Nurul Aini Amran, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    In this work, a progressive freeze concentration (PFC) system was developed to concentrate apple juice and was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of various operating conditions such as coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, Circulation time and shaking speed to effective partition constant (K) were investigated. Five different level of central composite design (CCD) was employed to search for optimal concentration of concentrated apple juice. A full quadratic model for K was established by using method of least squares. A coefficient of determination (R2) of this model was found to be 0.7792. The optimum conditions were found to be coolant temperature = -10.59 °C, Circulation Flowrate = 3030.23 mL/min, Circulation time = 67.35 minutes and shaking speed = 30.96 ohm. A validation experiment was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the optimization procedure and the best K value of 0.17 was achieved under the optimized conditions.

  • Grape Juice Concentration by Progressive Freeze Concentrator Sequence System
    Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nor Zanariah Safiei, Norzita Ngadi, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Anwar Johari, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Concentration is a complex process that could change the physical and chemical conditions of a substance and significantly affects the quality of fruit juice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters on the bioactive compounds retention and the concentration effectiveness of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentration (PFC). The concentration process performance was assessed through total phenolic content (TPC) increment and effective partition constant (K). This research was carried out by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS), which has been proven to be able to operate efficiently. It was found that the most optimum operating condition occurred with a coolant temperature of −8C, Circulation Flowrate of 3000 mL/min operation time of 20 minutes and solution concentration of 8%Brix. The results suggest that PFC may contribute a great potential in concentrating grape juice, therefore could contribute to the economy of the juice industry. Practical Applications Nowadays, there is a growing interest on progressive freeze concentration (PFC) in juice concentration due to its several advantages. In this study, a process sequence of PFC is develop to acquire high performance system in terms of operation time, no intervention of human operator and most importantly production of high quality product, which is grape juice concentrate. Red globe grape is among the most cultivated, most commercially important and studied cultivars, including processing method in order to produce high quality juice. This study is focused on the preservation and concentration of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS). The results can be a guide in the determination of processing method that can be used in producing red globe grape juice with good quality and highest concentration of TPC and other bioactive compound.

  • Effect of coolant temperature and Circulation Flowrate on the performance of a vertical finned crystallizer
    Procedia Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nurul Aini Amran, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Abstract Performance of a newly developed freeze concentrator named vertical finned crystallizer (VFC) in concentrating glucose solution was evaluated. The VFC was designed as an attempt to provide an efficient progressive freeze concentration (PFC) system by providing larger heat transfer area for crystallization. Glucose solution at an initial concentration of 11°Brix was concentrated through the new PFC system. The performance of the crystallizer was analysed in parallel with the effect of coolant temperature and Circulation Flowrate to the system efficiency, represented by effective partition constant (K) and solute recovery (Y). The results show that the efficiency of the system has significantly improved portrayed by the lowest K value obtained of 0.383 and the highest Y value obtained of 0.96g glucose/g initial glucose at intermediate coolant temperature and higher Circulation Flowrate. Thus, the VFC is evidently proven to have a high potential to be integrated in a PFC process as an efficient concentration system. The results obtained offer some guidelines on how to produce an efficient PFC system through parameter setting.

  • Progressive Freeze Concentration of Coconut Water: Effect of Circulation Flowrate and Circulation Time
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Progressive freeze concentration integrated with a coil crystallizer was applied to concentrate coconut water in order to increase its sugar content. In progressive freeze concentration system, only a single ice is formed as a layer on cooled surface. It is introduced as an alternative in compensating the disadvantages of conventional method of freeze concentration, called suspension freeze concentration. In this research, the efficiency of the progressive freeze concentration system was determined through effective partition constant (K) value and percent increment of sugar content. Hence, the effect of Circulation Flowrate ranging from 2000 to 2800 ml/min and Circulation time from 10 to 18 minutes on those two variables was then investigated through experiments designated using one factor at a time. From the experimental work, it was found that higher efficiency results at higher Circulation Flowrate of 2800 ml/min based on lower K and high percentage of sugar increment achieved. It was also found that the percentage of the sugar increment is high when the period given for circulating the solution is increased and the most suitable Circulation time is 14 minutes.

Zaki Yamani Zakaria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficiency Study on Vertical-Finned Crystalliser for Concentration of Carrot Juice
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norshafika Yahya, Nazhreen Azlan, Nurul Aini Amran, Ridhuan Hashim, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Norzita Ngadi, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Vertical-Finned Crystalliser (VFC) is a new innovation of the progressive freeze concentration method which is applied in concentration of carrot juice. The aim of this research is to observe the efficiency of this newly designed crystalliser in preserving the beta carotene content in the carrot juice concentrate. The crystalliser is equipped with a cooling jacket and extended surface of heat transfer area which makes it possible to obtain high efficiency operation, highly concentrated carrot juice and pure ice layer in the process. The process started with feeding the carrot juice into the crystalliser and the ethylene glycol coolant was pumped into the cooling jacket. Both carrot juice and coolant were circulated in the crystalliser and cooling jacket using two different pumps, until a layer of ice was formed on the inner wall of the crystalliser, including the extended surface/fins. The range of coolant temperature investigated was -6 °C to -12 °C and Circulation Flowrate of 1,600 mL/min to 2,800 mL/min at constant operation time of 50 min. The efficiency of the process was observed based on the average concentration efficiency value, ? (%) and effective partition constant, K using concentration value from the sample absorbance analysis result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the increase in freezing rate (-8 °C) brought about the increase in average concentration efficiency value, ? and lower K-value. Meanwhile, the best Circulation flow rate was 2,800 mL/min giving higher value of efficiency and lower K-value. The present concentration method using PFC with VFC will be applicable in the industry especially to produce a variety of concentrated liquid food.

  • Process Optimisation of Effective Partition Constant in Coconut Water via Progressive Freeze Concentration
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jusoh Mazura, Naimah Noor, Yahya Norshafika, Musa Rohashimah, Mohamad Zurina, Ngadi Norzita, Roshanida A. Rahman, Johari Anwar, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
    Abstract:

    Concentration technique via progressive freeze concentration was applied to increase the concentration of coconut water for commercialisation. The process will eliminate portion of water from coconut water and retain pure nutritional compound with high sugar content. To obtain the optimum condition, which is the objective of this study, optimisation process was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) through STATISTICA Software. RSM was utilised to optimise the process parameters for effective partition constant(K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of the coconut water. The effects of Circulation Flowrate, Circulation time, initial solution concentration and coolant temperature on effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data adequately fit the second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic independent variables, Circulation Flowrate, Circulation time, initial concentration and coolant temperature have significant effects as well as interactions on the effective partition constant. It was observed that the optimum process parameters within the experimental range for the best K would be with Circulation Flowrate of 3,400 mL/min, Circulation time of 23 min, initial concentration of 3.4 % Brix and coolant temperature of -7 °C. Under these conditions, the K can be enhanced up to 0.3.

  • Grape Juice Concentration by Progressive Freeze Concentrator Sequence System
    Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nor Zanariah Safiei, Norzita Ngadi, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Anwar Johari, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Concentration is a complex process that could change the physical and chemical conditions of a substance and significantly affects the quality of fruit juice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters on the bioactive compounds retention and the concentration effectiveness of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentration (PFC). The concentration process performance was assessed through total phenolic content (TPC) increment and effective partition constant (K). This research was carried out by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS), which has been proven to be able to operate efficiently. It was found that the most optimum operating condition occurred with a coolant temperature of −8C, Circulation Flowrate of 3000 mL/min operation time of 20 minutes and solution concentration of 8%Brix. The results suggest that PFC may contribute a great potential in concentrating grape juice, therefore could contribute to the economy of the juice industry. Practical Applications Nowadays, there is a growing interest on progressive freeze concentration (PFC) in juice concentration due to its several advantages. In this study, a process sequence of PFC is develop to acquire high performance system in terms of operation time, no intervention of human operator and most importantly production of high quality product, which is grape juice concentrate. Red globe grape is among the most cultivated, most commercially important and studied cultivars, including processing method in order to produce high quality juice. This study is focused on the preservation and concentration of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS). The results can be a guide in the determination of processing method that can be used in producing red globe grape juice with good quality and highest concentration of TPC and other bioactive compound.

  • Effect of Circulation Flowrate on the Performance of a Spiral Finned Freeze Concentrator
    Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
    Co-Authors: Samsuri Shafirah, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Norzita Ngadi, Amran Nurul Aini, Jusoh Mazura
    Abstract:

    Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) has emerged as a viable technology for concentration of liquid solution. In this study, a newly designed spiral finned crystallizer to improve productivity of PFC process was proposed. The spiral fin is presented based on the advantage of additional surface area to the spiral finned crystallizer. The performance of spiral finned crystallizer was analysed by the system efficiency and the effect of Circulation Flowrate. It was found that the efficiency of the system has significantly improved in terms of a lower effective partition constant and a higher recovered solute. An effective partition constant of 0.35 and a recovered solute of approximately 0.96 g of glucose per 1 g of initial glucose were obtained. Thus, spiral finned crystallizer for PFC system is evidently an effective system to concentrate solution and to produce pure ice crystal.

  • Process Optimization of Effective Partition Constant in Progressive Freeze Concentration of Wastewater
    Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mazura Jusoh, Norzita Ngadi, Anwar Johari, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
    Abstract:

    Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for effective partition constant (K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of wastewater. The effects of coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time on the effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic of independent variables, coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time as well as their interactions have significant effects on the effective partition constant. It was predicted that the optimum process parameters within the experimental ranges for the best K would be with coolant temperature of -8.8°C, Circulation Flowrate of 1051.1 ml/min, initial solution concentration of 6.59 mg/ml and Circulation time of 13.9 minutes. Under these conditions, the effective partition constant is predicted to be 0.17.

Mari Lundström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Design of optimal electrolyte Circulation based on the kinetic modelling of copper dissolution in silver electrorefining
    Hydrometallurgy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Arif T. Aji, Joseph Hamuyuni, Jari Aromaa, Benjamin P. Wilson, Mari Lundström
    Abstract:

    Abstract Copper is the major impurity dissolved in silver electrorefining which potentially accumulates in the electrolyte during the process and co-deposits onto the cathode surface, decreasing the product quality. The study investigated the dissolution kinetics of copper in silver electrorefining as a function of wt%Cu in the industrial electrolyte ranges of 40–100 g/dm3 [Ag+], 5–15 g/dm3 [HNO3] and 20–60 g/dm3 [Cu2+] at 25–45 °C. The results showed that Cu dissolved at a higher rate in comparison to silver and that the two kinetic models developed have good accuracy and validity. From the models, optimal electrolyte Circulation parameters were simulated to avoid [Cu2+] accumulation in the electrolyte. As a conclusion, processing 1% Cu anodes at the critical [Cu2+]/[Ag+] ratio of 0.8 in the electrolyte requires an inlet of [Ag+] of 2.3–3.3 and tolerates [Cu2+] of 0.14–0.47 times that of the [Ag+] and [Cu2+] in the bulk electrolyte, respectively. Furthermore, electrolyte with higher [Ag+] provides the benefit of reduced electrolyte Circulation Flowrate and increased tolerance of wt%Cu in the silver anodes.

Norzita Ngadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficiency Study on Vertical-Finned Crystalliser for Concentration of Carrot Juice
    Chemical engineering transactions, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norshafika Yahya, Nazhreen Azlan, Nurul Aini Amran, Ridhuan Hashim, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Norzita Ngadi, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Vertical-Finned Crystalliser (VFC) is a new innovation of the progressive freeze concentration method which is applied in concentration of carrot juice. The aim of this research is to observe the efficiency of this newly designed crystalliser in preserving the beta carotene content in the carrot juice concentrate. The crystalliser is equipped with a cooling jacket and extended surface of heat transfer area which makes it possible to obtain high efficiency operation, highly concentrated carrot juice and pure ice layer in the process. The process started with feeding the carrot juice into the crystalliser and the ethylene glycol coolant was pumped into the cooling jacket. Both carrot juice and coolant were circulated in the crystalliser and cooling jacket using two different pumps, until a layer of ice was formed on the inner wall of the crystalliser, including the extended surface/fins. The range of coolant temperature investigated was -6 °C to -12 °C and Circulation Flowrate of 1,600 mL/min to 2,800 mL/min at constant operation time of 50 min. The efficiency of the process was observed based on the average concentration efficiency value, ? (%) and effective partition constant, K using concentration value from the sample absorbance analysis result of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the increase in freezing rate (-8 °C) brought about the increase in average concentration efficiency value, ? and lower K-value. Meanwhile, the best Circulation flow rate was 2,800 mL/min giving higher value of efficiency and lower K-value. The present concentration method using PFC with VFC will be applicable in the industry especially to produce a variety of concentrated liquid food.

  • Grape Juice Concentration by Progressive Freeze Concentrator Sequence System
    Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nor Zanariah Safiei, Norzita Ngadi, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Anwar Johari, Mazura Jusoh
    Abstract:

    Concentration is a complex process that could change the physical and chemical conditions of a substance and significantly affects the quality of fruit juice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters on the bioactive compounds retention and the concentration effectiveness of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentration (PFC). The concentration process performance was assessed through total phenolic content (TPC) increment and effective partition constant (K). This research was carried out by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS), which has been proven to be able to operate efficiently. It was found that the most optimum operating condition occurred with a coolant temperature of −8C, Circulation Flowrate of 3000 mL/min operation time of 20 minutes and solution concentration of 8%Brix. The results suggest that PFC may contribute a great potential in concentrating grape juice, therefore could contribute to the economy of the juice industry. Practical Applications Nowadays, there is a growing interest on progressive freeze concentration (PFC) in juice concentration due to its several advantages. In this study, a process sequence of PFC is develop to acquire high performance system in terms of operation time, no intervention of human operator and most importantly production of high quality product, which is grape juice concentrate. Red globe grape is among the most cultivated, most commercially important and studied cultivars, including processing method in order to produce high quality juice. This study is focused on the preservation and concentration of grape juice by using progressive freeze concentrator sequence system (PFCSS). The results can be a guide in the determination of processing method that can be used in producing red globe grape juice with good quality and highest concentration of TPC and other bioactive compound.

  • Effect of Circulation Flowrate on the Performance of a Spiral Finned Freeze Concentrator
    Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
    Co-Authors: Samsuri Shafirah, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Norzita Ngadi, Amran Nurul Aini, Jusoh Mazura
    Abstract:

    Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) has emerged as a viable technology for concentration of liquid solution. In this study, a newly designed spiral finned crystallizer to improve productivity of PFC process was proposed. The spiral fin is presented based on the advantage of additional surface area to the spiral finned crystallizer. The performance of spiral finned crystallizer was analysed by the system efficiency and the effect of Circulation Flowrate. It was found that the efficiency of the system has significantly improved in terms of a lower effective partition constant and a higher recovered solute. An effective partition constant of 0.35 and a recovered solute of approximately 0.96 g of glucose per 1 g of initial glucose were obtained. Thus, spiral finned crystallizer for PFC system is evidently an effective system to concentrate solution and to produce pure ice crystal.

  • Process Optimization of Effective Partition Constant in Progressive Freeze Concentration of Wastewater
    Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mazura Jusoh, Norzita Ngadi, Anwar Johari, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
    Abstract:

    Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for effective partition constant (K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of wastewater. The effects of coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time on the effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic of independent variables, coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time as well as their interactions have significant effects on the effective partition constant. It was predicted that the optimum process parameters within the experimental ranges for the best K would be with coolant temperature of -8.8°C, Circulation Flowrate of 1051.1 ml/min, initial solution concentration of 6.59 mg/ml and Circulation time of 13.9 minutes. Under these conditions, the effective partition constant is predicted to be 0.17.

  • Process Optimization of Effective Partition Constant in Progressive Freeze Concentration of Wastewater
    2013
    Co-Authors: Mazura Jusoh, Norzita Ngadi, Anwar Johari, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
    Abstract:

    Copyright © 2013 Mazura Jusoh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for effective partition constant (K) in progressive freeze concentration (PFC) of wastewater. The effects of coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time on the effective partition constant were observed. Results show that the data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic of independent variables, coolant temperature, Circulation Flowrate, initial solution concentration and Circulation time as well as their interactions have significant effects on the effective partition constant. It was predicted that the optimum process parameters within the experimental ranges for the best K would be with coolant temperature of −8.8˚C, Circulation Flowrate of 1051.1 ml/min, initial solution concentration of 6.59 mg/ml and Circulation time of 13.9 minutes. Under these conditions, the effective partition constant is predicted to be 0.17

Arif T. Aji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Design of optimal electrolyte Circulation based on the kinetic modelling of copper dissolution in silver electrorefining
    Hydrometallurgy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Arif T. Aji, Joseph Hamuyuni, Jari Aromaa, Benjamin P. Wilson, Mari Lundström
    Abstract:

    Abstract Copper is the major impurity dissolved in silver electrorefining which potentially accumulates in the electrolyte during the process and co-deposits onto the cathode surface, decreasing the product quality. The study investigated the dissolution kinetics of copper in silver electrorefining as a function of wt%Cu in the industrial electrolyte ranges of 40–100 g/dm3 [Ag+], 5–15 g/dm3 [HNO3] and 20–60 g/dm3 [Cu2+] at 25–45 °C. The results showed that Cu dissolved at a higher rate in comparison to silver and that the two kinetic models developed have good accuracy and validity. From the models, optimal electrolyte Circulation parameters were simulated to avoid [Cu2+] accumulation in the electrolyte. As a conclusion, processing 1% Cu anodes at the critical [Cu2+]/[Ag+] ratio of 0.8 in the electrolyte requires an inlet of [Ag+] of 2.3–3.3 and tolerates [Cu2+] of 0.14–0.47 times that of the [Ag+] and [Cu2+] in the bulk electrolyte, respectively. Furthermore, electrolyte with higher [Ag+] provides the benefit of reduced electrolyte Circulation Flowrate and increased tolerance of wt%Cu in the silver anodes.