The Experts below are selected from a list of 498726 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Phillip Leslie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of information on Product Quality evidence from restaurant hygiene grade cards
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Phillip LeslieAbstract:This study examines the effect of an increase in Product Quality information to consumers on firms' choices of Product Quality. In 1998 Los Angeles County introduced hygiene Quality grade cards to be displayed in restaurant windows. We show that the grade cards cause (i) restaurant health inspection scores to increase, (ii) consumer demand to become sensitive to changes in restaurants' hygiene Quality, and (iii) the number of foodborne illness hospitalizations to decrease. We also provide evidence that this improvement in health outcomes is not fully explained by consumers substituting from poor hygiene restaurants to good hygiene restaurants. These results imply that the grade cards cause restaurants to make hygiene Quality improvements.
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the effect of information on Product Quality evidence from restaurant hygiene grade cards
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Ginger Zhe Jin, Phillip LeslieAbstract:This study examines the effect of an increase in Product Quality information to consumers on e rms’ choices of Product Quality. In 1998 Los Angeles County introduced hygiene Quality grade cards to be displayed in restaurant windows. We show that the grade cards cause (i) restaurant health inspection scores to increase, (ii) consumer demand to become sensitive to changes in restaurants’ hygiene Quality, and (iii) the number of foodborne illness hospitalizations to decrease. We also provide evidence that this improvement in health outcomes is not fully explained by consumers substituting from poor hygiene restaurants to good hygiene restaurants. These results imply that the grade cards cause restaurants to make hygiene Quality improvements.
Venkat Subramaniam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor unions and Product Quality failures
Management Science, 2021Co-Authors: Omesh Kini, Mo Shen, Jaideep Shenoy, Venkat SubramaniamAbstract:In this paper, we study the impact of labor unions on Product Quality failures. We use a Product recall as our measure of Quality failure because it is an objective metric that is applicable to a b...
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labor unions and Product Quality failures
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Omesh Kini, Mo Shen, Jaideep Shenoy, Venkat SubramaniamAbstract:In this paper, we study the impact of labor unions on Product Quality failures. We use a Product recall as our measure of Quality failure because it is an objective metric that is applicable to a broad cross-section of industries. Our analysis employs a union panel setting and close union elections in a regression discontinuity design framework to overcome identification issues. In the panel regressions, we find that firms that are unionized and those that have higher unionization rates experience a greater frequency of Quality failures. The results obtain even at a more granular establishment level in a subsample where we can identify the manufacturing establishment associated with the recalled Product. When comparing firms in close elections, we find that firms with close union wins are followed by significantly worse Product Quality outcomes than those with close union losses. These results are amplified in non-right-to-work states, where unions have a relatively greater influence on the workforce. We find that unionization increases firms’ costs and operating leverage and, consequently, crowds out investments that potentially impact Quality. We also find some suggestive evidence that unions may compromise Quality by hurting employee morale and by resisting technological upgrades in the firm. Overall, our results suggest that unions have an adverse impact on Product recalls and, thus, Product Quality is an important dimension along which unions impact businesses.
Mario Piattini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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approaches to promote Product Quality within software process improvement initiatives
Journal of Systems and Software, 2015Co-Authors: Gabriel Alberto Garciamireles, Ma Angeles Moraga, Felix Garcia, Mario PiattiniAbstract:A systematic mapping study focused on Product Quality within SPI is reported.The most common approach found was the mapping between process models.Security is the main Product Quality characteristic addressed in SPI initiatives.Proposals based on traditional SPI process models require validation.Few empirical papers address software Product Quality within SPI initiatives. Enhancing Product Quality might be a main goal of a software process improvement initiative (SPI). Quality is, however, a complex concept, and experts recommend identifying relevant Product Quality characteristics to satisfy users/customers' needs. There is thus a need to understand how SPI initiatives contribute to the improvement of software Product Quality characteristics. This paper aims to provide an overview of an up-to-date state-of-the-art regarding initiatives that focus on promoting Product Quality improvement by applying SPI approaches. This goal was achieved by conducting a systematic mapping study, as a result of which we identified 74 primary papers including both theoretical (75.7%) and empirical (24.3%) papers. The main Product Quality characteristics addressed are security, usability and reliability. Security-related process models, on the other hand, are those most cited (53%). The empirical papers suggest that traditional process reference models, such as CMM, CMMI or ISO 9001, moderately increase Product Quality characteristics, these principally being maintainability and reliability. However, there is a need for more empirical research to evaluate the impact of SPI initiatives on software Product Quality by considering contextual factors. SPI initiatives should be more driven by performance goals related to Product Quality characteristics.
Caroline Paunov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does trade stimulate Product Quality upgrading
Canadian Journal of Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Ana M Fernandes, Caroline PaunovAbstract:This paper investigates whether increased import competition leads firms to engage in incremental innovation reflected in Product Quality upgrading using Chilean manufacturing firm-Product data and measuring Product Quality with unit values (prices). We identify causal effects of import competition using an effective trade barrier measure – transport costs – as instruments for import penetration ratios across industries. Transport costs have a negative and significant effect on Product Quality. The evidence suggests that estimated unit value increases capture Product Quality upgrading, imports’ competition effects drive Quality upgrading, and benefits depend on firms’ industrial specialization. Easier access to intermediate inputs also fosters Quality upgrading. Est-ce que le commerce international stimule l'amelioration de la qualite des produits? Ce texte explore la question a savoir si l'accroissement de la concurrence engendre par les importations entraine les entreprises a s'engager dans un processus d'innovation incrementale qui se reflete dans une amelioration de la qualite des produits. Les auteurs utilisent des donnees au niveau de la firme pour le secteur manufacturier au Chili et mesurent la qualite du produit a l'aide des valeurs unitaires (prix). On identifie les effets de causalite de la concurrence par l'importation a l'aide d'une mesure de la barriere effective au commerce – les couts de transport – comme instrument pour calibrer les ratios de penetration des importations dans le marche domestique. Les couts de transport ont un effet negatif et significatif sur la qualite des produits. Les resultats suggerent que l'accroissement de la valeur unitaire estimee prend la mesure de l'accroissement de la qualite du produit, que la concurrence des importations entraine une amelioration de la qualite des produits, et que les avantages dependent de la specialisation industrielle des entreprises. Un acces plus facile aux intrants intermediaires stimule aussi l'amelioration de la qualite.
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does tougher import competition foster Product Quality upgrading
Social Science Research Network, 2009Co-Authors: Ana M Fernandes, Caroline PaunovAbstract:Over the past two decades, globalization, and more specifically the increased exposure to competition from low-price producers in China and India, has created a new economic environment for other emerging economies. The most advantageous way for manufacturing firms in those economies to position themselves in domestic and international markets is to offer upgraded and differentiated rather than mundane labor-intensive Products. This paper investigates whether increased competitive pressure from imports forces firms to improve the Quality of their Products. The econometric analysis relies on a rich dataset of Chilean manufacturing plants and their Products. Product Quality is measured with unit values (average prices) and industry-level transport costs are used as an exogenous measure of import competition. The authors find a positive and robust effect of import competition on Product Quality. This effect is found to be particularly strong for non-exporting plants. The results also show that increased import competition from less advanced economies is the major cause for the positive impact on Quality upgrading. The overall evidence points to the benefits of trade openness for Product innovation but demonstrates at the same time that competitive pressure alone will not enable local plants to catch up with leading world producers.
Omesh Kini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor unions and Product Quality failures
Management Science, 2021Co-Authors: Omesh Kini, Mo Shen, Jaideep Shenoy, Venkat SubramaniamAbstract:In this paper, we study the impact of labor unions on Product Quality failures. We use a Product recall as our measure of Quality failure because it is an objective metric that is applicable to a b...
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labor unions and Product Quality failures
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Omesh Kini, Mo Shen, Jaideep Shenoy, Venkat SubramaniamAbstract:In this paper, we study the impact of labor unions on Product Quality failures. We use a Product recall as our measure of Quality failure because it is an objective metric that is applicable to a broad cross-section of industries. Our analysis employs a union panel setting and close union elections in a regression discontinuity design framework to overcome identification issues. In the panel regressions, we find that firms that are unionized and those that have higher unionization rates experience a greater frequency of Quality failures. The results obtain even at a more granular establishment level in a subsample where we can identify the manufacturing establishment associated with the recalled Product. When comparing firms in close elections, we find that firms with close union wins are followed by significantly worse Product Quality outcomes than those with close union losses. These results are amplified in non-right-to-work states, where unions have a relatively greater influence on the workforce. We find that unionization increases firms’ costs and operating leverage and, consequently, crowds out investments that potentially impact Quality. We also find some suggestive evidence that unions may compromise Quality by hurting employee morale and by resisting technological upgrades in the firm. Overall, our results suggest that unions have an adverse impact on Product recalls and, thus, Product Quality is an important dimension along which unions impact businesses.
