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Paul Stelzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The United States Humanitarian Demining Program: Civil-Military Relations in Humanitarian Demining
    2015
    Co-Authors: Paul Stelzer
    Abstract:

    Abstract : Civil-Military Relations are a result of the simultaneous presence of military, governmental, and humanitarian organizations on a common battlefield. At its heart, the problem in Civil-Military Relations is synchronizing three fundamentally different groups not only to coexist, but to work together with complementary effects. Created in 1993, the US Humanitarian Demining Program is a collaboration between the US Department of State, the Department of Defense, and the US Agency for International Development establishing support to an international response to the global threat of landmines. The changing security environment following the end of the Cold War increased military commitment to humanitarian operations and exacerbated the challenge when coupled with a downsizing of the United States military capability. The problem for the US military is addressing the persistent global threat of landmines during a time of increasing military commitments and decreasing military resources. Multiple theories of Civil-Military Relations allow a critical analysis of the Humanitarian Demining Program in cases in Afghanistan and Kosovo. Perceptions from the people, government, and military add greater depth to the understanding of tensions in Civil-Military Relations. This understanding leads to the conclusion that focusing on Civil-Military Relations allows the Department of Defense to leverage interorganizational capabilities to mitigate increasing military requirements in times of decreasing resources while increasing the effectiveness of the HDP.

Nilüfer Narli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Civil-Military Relations in Turkey
    The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism, 2005
    Co-Authors: Nilüfer Narli
    Abstract:

    Turkey's military and political elites have long combined in an uneasy partnership to oversee the Republic's affairs. A number of factors have enabled the military to influence Turkish politics in the name of protecting national unity, democracy, and secularism, including the legacy of the vertically organized Ottoman social system, the role of the army in liberating, building, and modernizing the nation, relatively immature democratic culture and institutions, and numerous constitutional tools. In order to understand Turkey's complex Civil-Military Relations, especially at a time when Turkey's European Union membership prospects are in limbo, it is important to study the composition of the Turkish officer corps, the military's conscription method, and military style, in conjunction with the political decisionmaking process.

Joshua R. Itzkowitz-shifrinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Civil-Military Relations in Israel and Turkey
    Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Metin Heper, Joshua R. Itzkowitz-shifrinson
    Abstract:

    This manuscript investigates to what extent Civil-Military Relations in Israel and Turkey, two countries in the Middle East which have democratic systems of governments, evinces characteristics that one comes across in advanced democracies. It shows that in both countries the military plays a relatively influential role, that b eing more so in Turkey than in Israel. The manuscript concludes that in recent decades the perception of the military concerning the question of whether or not the country faced a grave threat and the civilian government's capability to successfully deal with such a threat, if there was one, played leading roles in shaping the Civil-Military Relations in those two countries.

Aurel Croissant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Civil–Military Relations in Southeast Asia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Aurel Croissant
    Abstract:

    Civil–Military Relations in Southeast Asia reviews the historical origins, contemporary patterns, and emerging changes in civil–military Relations in Southeast Asia from colonial times until today. It analyzes what types of military organizations emerged in the late colonial period and the impact of colonial legacies and the Japanese occupation in World War II on the formation of national armies and their role in processes of achieving independence. It analyzes the long term trajectories and recent changes of professional, revolutionary, praetorian and neo-patrimonial civil–military Relations in the region. Finally, it analyzes military roles in state- and nation-building; political domination; revolutions and regime transitions; and military entrepreneurship.

  • Civil-Military Relations in Asia
    Political Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Aurel Croissant
    Abstract:

    The social science literature on Civil-Military Relations—a concept that encompasses the entire range of interactions between the military and civilian society at every level—falls into a sociological and a political science strand. The former is concerned primarily with the military as a social organization and the social functions of military systems, as well as the ways in which these factors have changed over time. The political science strand, in contrast, more narrowly focuses on political-military Relations, that is, the structures, processes, and outcomes of the interactions between the institutions and organizations of the political system, on the one hand, and the armed forces and their members, on the other. As is the case with other continents, the study of Civil-Military Relations in Asia is both normative and positive, often within the same work. While normative contributions ask what “good” Civil-Military Relations should look like, positive analyses seek to describe and explain the actual Relationship between the soldier and the state in Asia, examine the effects of military coups and military rule on other political or socioeconomic activities, and predict the consequences of political-military Relations for the persistence and performance of political regimes. Perhaps as a consequence of the highly diverse cultures, colonial histories, political legacies, and modes of postcolonial governance, single-case studies and small-N comparative analyses dominate the field and systematic intra-regional comparisons and cross-national studies are rare. Since its inception in the 1960s, research on Asian Civil-Military Relations in social science has moved in various directions: as elsewhere, its initial preoccupation was with the role of military institutions in processes of decolonization, modernization, and nation-building. In the 1970s, scholarship moved toward analyzing the origins of military coups d’état and policy consequences of military rule. A second line of research investigated party-military Relations in Communist Party regimes, which operated under societal and institutional circumstances that were quite different from those in the non-socialist states. From the late 1980s onward, the so-called third wave of democratization inspired a new generation of Civil-Military studies, which illuminate the military’s role in the breakdown of authoritarianism and how young democracies struggle with the double challenge of creating and preserving a military that is strong enough to fulfill its functions, but that is subordinate to the authority of democratically elected institutions. In the 2000s, the study of security sector reform has become the most recent addition to the literature. This article is primarily concerned with the political science strand of Civil-Military research. It focuses on the positive literature and gives priority to research on Southeast Asia and East Asia, but also includes comparative works and collections that illuminate Civil-Military Relations in South Pacific countries.

  • Introduction: New Perspectives on Civil-Military Relations
    European Political Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Aurel Croissant, David Kuehn
    Abstract:

    Civil-Military Relations have long been an important topic for political science scholars. In spite of its long tradition, however, the field has been repeatedly criticised as being too detached from the greater domain of political science and being too conservative in its conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations. In recent years, however, a new generation of Civil-Military research has emerged which has considerably promoted the development of the field beyond the confines of the classical texts. This symposium comprises four articles by European scholars who share a conviction to furthering the study of Civil-Military Relations and developing closer links between the mother discipline of political science and its more specific subfields of comparative and theoretical military studies.

Pascal Vennesson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Soldiers drawn into politics? The influence of tactics in civil–military Relations
    Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2013
    Co-Authors: Chiara Ruffa, Christopher Dandeker, Pascal Vennesson
    Abstract:

    The tactical level has become increasingly important in the conduct of contemporary complex military operations. Yet, the potential impact that this tactical level may have on domestic civil–military Relations has been neglected. In this article, we focus on mechanisms by which low-level soldiers have acquired an increasing importance in tactical operations and we suggest that this may influence civil–military Relations in the future. We argue that two phenomena deserve particular attention. These mechanisms are not new but they have had new effects by making it possible for soldiers to influence politics in sometimes unforeseen ways: the first is the strategic corporal and the second is the expansion of ancillary tasks. Our contribution lies at the interface between military sociology and security studies and seeks to show how the tactical level of warfare has become a fundamental context in which civil–military Relations are enacted. Exploring these dynamics is fundamental to understanding under what co...

  • Civil–military Relations in France: is there a gap?
    Journal of Strategic Studies, 2003
    Co-Authors: Pascal Vennesson
    Abstract:

    Since President Jacques Chirac's 1996 decision to professionalise the armed forces, many political and military leader expressed concerns about its potential consequences on civil–military Relations. Will the shift to an all-volunteer force create a gap in civil–military Relations? The goal of the article is to provide a preliminary assessment of civil–military Relations in France before the full professionalisation of the armed forces. Using the results of existing polls conducted annually, I lay out a basis of comparison to evaluate the future evolution of civil–military Relations on several dimensions: image of the military, perception of civil–military Relations, social and political values, and the legitimacy of the use of force. Although civil–military Relations in France have never been as harmonious since the Second World War as they are today, the article argues that these Relations are not as rosy as they may seem.