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Alex Bryson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labor markets.
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the persistence of Union Membership within the coalfields of britain
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Huw Beynon, Alex Bryson, Helen Blakely, Rhys DaviesAbstract:Spatial variance in Union Membership has been attributed to the favourable attitudes that persist in areas with an historical legacy of trade Unionism. Within the UK, villages and towns located in areas once dominated coalmining remain among the strongest and durable bases for the trade Union movement. This paper empirically examines the effect of living within or near these areas upon Union Membership. Those residing in ex-mining areas retain an increased propensity for Union Membership. However, this effect diminishes sharply with distance. The analysis reveals that particular places can serve as conduits of trade Unionism, long after employment within traditional industries has vanished.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
Research Papers in Economics, 2020Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labour markets. Although we have yet to fully understand why Union Membership peaks in midlife we are able to examine some of the possible explanations. The findings have important implications for our understanding of trade Unionism across the world.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labor markets. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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family place and the intergenerational transmission of Union Membership
British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2019Co-Authors: Alex Bryson, Rhys DaviesAbstract:This article examines the importance of family, gender and place to the intergenerational transmission of trade Union Membership. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that Union Membership among parents influences the Union joining behaviour of young workers. These effects are particularly apparent among daughters and where both parents are members of Unions. The effects of parental Membership are also stronger among those born in areas characterized by relatively high levels of Union density. Parental effects are therefore important to our understanding of the persistence of regional variations in levels of trade Union Membership.
David G Blanchflower - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labor markets.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
Research Papers in Economics, 2020Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labour markets. Although we have yet to fully understand why Union Membership peaks in midlife we are able to examine some of the possible explanations. The findings have important implications for our understanding of trade Unionism across the world.
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Union Membership peaks in midlife
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: David G Blanchflower, Alex BrysonAbstract:Using data from 68 countries on over 8 million respondents over forty years we show Union Membership peaks in midlife – usually around workers’ late 40s or early 50s. In doing so we extend Blanchflower’s (2007) earlier study, incorporating a further 39 countries and another decade or so of data. We also found it in every US state and the District of Columbia as well as across industries. The fact that this relationship exists in virtually every country across the world challenges a key precept in industrial relations, namely that institutions matter: they appear to matter little, at least in the case of the hump-shaped relationship between Unionization and age. The Union Membership rates at the age peak in the United States and the United Kingdom have lowered over time, while the age at which the peak has occurred has increased in both countries. In part this is due to increasing Union Membership rates among those over the age of sixty-five. Declines in Membership by birth cohort have lowered Union density rates as the older cohorts with historically higher Membership rates leave labor markets. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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a cross country study of Union Membership
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: David G BlanchflowerAbstract:This paper examines changes in Unionization that have occurred over the last decade or so using individual level micro data on twenty seven of the thirty OECD countries, with particular emphasis on Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Micro-data is also used to model Union Membership in a further eleven non-OECD countries. Union density is found to be negatively correlated with level of education in the private sector and positively correlated in the public sector. The probability of being a Union member is found to follow an inverted U-shaped pattern in age, maximizing in Canada, the USA and the UK in the mid to late 40s. This inverted U-shaped pattern is repeated in a further thirty countries (Australia; Austria; Bangladesh; Belgium; Bulgaria; Chile; Czech Republic; Denmark; Germany; Estonia; Finland; France; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Israel; Japan; Luxembourg; Mexico; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden and Switzerland). I consider the question of why this inverted U-shape in age exists across countries with diverse industrial relations systems including early retirement and cohort effects.
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international patterns of Union Membership
British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2007Co-Authors: David G BlanchflowerAbstract:This paper examines changes in Unionization that have occurred over the last decade or so using individual level micro data on many countries, with particular emphasis on the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. I document an empirical regularity not hitherto identified, namely the probability of being Unionized follows an inverted U‐shaped pattern in age, maximizing in the mid‐ to late 40s in 34 of the 38 countries I study. I consider the question of why Union Membership seems to follow a similar inverted U‐shape pattern in age across countries with such diverse industrial relations systems. I find evidence that this arises in part because of cohort effects, but even when cohort effects are removed a U‐shape remains.
Markus Pannenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk aversion and trade Union Membership
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:If trade Unions provide only their members with insurance against income variations, as a private good, this insurance will provide a stronger incentive for more risk-averse employees to become Union members. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and various direct measures of individual risk attitudes, we find robust evidence of a positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of Union Membership for full-time employees. This association is particularly strong for males and in West Germany.
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trade Union Membership and dismissals
Labour Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:Abstract In Germany, there is no trade Union Membership wage premium and a Membership fee of 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade Unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade Union Membership which has hitherto not been documented: in Western Germany, Union members are less likely to lose their jobs than non-members. In particular, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we are able to show that roughly 50% of the observed raw differential in individual dismissal rates can be explained by the estimated average partial effect of Union Membership.
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trade Union Membership and dismissals
Research Papers in Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:In Germany, there is no trade Union Membership wage premium, while the Membership fee amounts to 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade Unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade Union Membership which has hitherto not been documented: in West Germany, Union members are less likely to lose their jobs than non-members. In particular, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we can show that roughly 50% of the observed raw differential in individual dismissal rates can be explained by the estimated average partial effect of Union Membership.
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risk aversion and trade Union Membership
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:In an open-shop model of trade Union Membership with heterogeneity in risk attitudes, a worker's relative risk aversion can affect the decision to join a trade Union. Furthermore, a shift in risk attitudes can alter collective bargaining outcomes. Using German panel data (GSOEP) and three novel direct measures of individual risk aversion, we find evidence of a significantly positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of Union Membership. Additionally, we observe a negative correlation between bargained wages in aggregate and average risk preferences of Union members. Our results suggest that an overall increase in risk aversion contributes to wage moderation and promotes employment.
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norm based trade Union Membership evidence for germany
German Economic Review, 2004Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:. In the absence of closed shops and discriminatory wage policies, Union Membership can be explained by the existence of social norms. We describe a model, incorporating institutional features of the German labour market, which explicitly allows for social custom effects in the determination of Union Membership. Using panel data for Germany, we find evidence for according effects which restrict free-riding. The impact of social norms tends to increase with net Union density. Hence, observed reductions in the demand for Union Membership can weaken the impact of a norm and accentuate the free-rider problem.
Laszlo Goerke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk aversion and trade Union Membership
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:If trade Unions provide only their members with insurance against income variations, as a private good, this insurance will provide a stronger incentive for more risk-averse employees to become Union members. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and various direct measures of individual risk attitudes, we find robust evidence of a positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of Union Membership for full-time employees. This association is particularly strong for males and in West Germany.
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trade Union Membership and dismissals
Labour Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:Abstract In Germany, there is no trade Union Membership wage premium and a Membership fee of 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade Unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade Union Membership which has hitherto not been documented: in Western Germany, Union members are less likely to lose their jobs than non-members. In particular, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we are able to show that roughly 50% of the observed raw differential in individual dismissal rates can be explained by the estimated average partial effect of Union Membership.
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trade Union Membership and dismissals
Research Papers in Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:In Germany, there is no trade Union Membership wage premium, while the Membership fee amounts to 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade Unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade Union Membership which has hitherto not been documented: in West Germany, Union members are less likely to lose their jobs than non-members. In particular, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we can show that roughly 50% of the observed raw differential in individual dismissal rates can be explained by the estimated average partial effect of Union Membership.
-
risk aversion and trade Union Membership
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:In an open-shop model of trade Union Membership with heterogeneity in risk attitudes, a worker's relative risk aversion can affect the decision to join a trade Union. Furthermore, a shift in risk attitudes can alter collective bargaining outcomes. Using German panel data (GSOEP) and three novel direct measures of individual risk aversion, we find evidence of a significantly positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of Union Membership. Additionally, we observe a negative correlation between bargained wages in aggregate and average risk preferences of Union members. Our results suggest that an overall increase in risk aversion contributes to wage moderation and promotes employment.
-
norm based trade Union Membership evidence for germany
German Economic Review, 2004Co-Authors: Laszlo Goerke, Markus PannenbergAbstract:. In the absence of closed shops and discriminatory wage policies, Union Membership can be explained by the existence of social norms. We describe a model, incorporating institutional features of the German labour market, which explicitly allows for social custom effects in the determination of Union Membership. Using panel data for Germany, we find evidence for according effects which restrict free-riding. The impact of social norms tends to increase with net Union density. Hence, observed reductions in the demand for Union Membership can weaken the impact of a norm and accentuate the free-rider problem.
David A Macpherson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Union Membership and coverage database from the current population survey note
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2003Co-Authors: Barry T Hirsch, David A MacphersonAbstract:This note describes the construction and provision of an Internet database providing private and public sector Union Membership, coverage, and density estimates compiled from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Economy-wide estimates are provided beginning in 1973, estimates by state, detailed industry, and detailed occupation begin in 1983, and estimates by metropolitan area begin in 1986. The database will be updated annually and can be accessed at http://www.Unionstats.com/.
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Union Membership and coverage database from the current population survey note
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2003Co-Authors: Barry T Hirsch, David A MacphersonAbstract:This note describes the construction and provision of an Internet database providing private and public sector Union Membership, coverage, and density estimates compiled from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Economy-wide estimates are provided beginning in 1973, estimates by state, detailed industry, and detailed occupation begin in 1983, and estimates by metropolitan area begin in 1986. The database is updated annually and can be accessed at http://www.Unionstats.com/.
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Union Membership and coverage database from the current population survey note
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Barry T Hirsch, David A MacphersonAbstract:This note describes the construction and provision of an Internet database providing private and public sector Union Membership, coverage, and density estimates compiled from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Economy-wide estimates are provided beginning in 1973, estimates by state, detailed industry, and detailed occupation begin in 1983, and estimates by metropolitan area begin in 1986. The database is updated annually and can be accessed on the web.
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Union Membership and Coverage Files from the Current Population Surveys: Note
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1993Co-Authors: Barry T Hirsch, David A MacphersonAbstract:This note informs readers about the availability of disaggregated annual Unionization data compiled from the Current Population Surveys (CPS). Union Membership, Membership density, and contract coverage density are calculated for employed civilian wage and salary workers from the monthly CPS for January 1983 through December 1991. Workers are classified by demographic and labor market characteristics, industry, occupation, state, metropolitan area, and state-by-industry. The Union Membership and coverage files described in the note are available from the authors, without charge, in machine-readable form.
