The Experts below are selected from a list of 2421 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

J. K. Pataky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Carol A Ishimaru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative genomic analyses of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp insidiosus and pathogenicity on medicago truncatula
    Phytopathology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Carol A Ishimaru, Jane Glazebrook, Deborah A Samac
    Abstract:

    Clavibacter Michiganensis is the most economically important gram-positive bacterial plant pathogen with subspecies that cause serious diseases of maize, wheat, tomato, potato, and alfalfa. Much less is known about pathogenesis involving gram-positive plant pathogens than is known for gram-negative bacteria. Comparative genome analyses of C. Michiganensis subspecies affecting tomato, potato, and maize have provided insights on pathogenicity. In this study, we identified strains of C. Michiganensis subsp. insidiosus with contrasting pathogenicity on three accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula. We generated complete genome sequences for two strains and compared these to a previously sequenced strain and genome sequences of four other subspecies. The three C. Michiganensis subsp. insidiosus strains varied in gene content due to genome rearrangements, most likely facilitated by insertion elements, and plasmid number, which varied from one to three depending on strain. The core C. Michiganensis ge...

  • complete genome sequence of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp insidiosus r1 1 using pacbio single molecule real time technology
    Genome Announcements, 2015
    Co-Authors: Deborah A Samac, Jane Glazebrook, Carol A Ishimaru
    Abstract:

    We report here the complete genome sequence of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. insidiosus R1-1, isolated in Minnesota, USA. The R1-1 genome, generated by a de novo assembly of PacBio sequencing data, is the first complete genome sequence available for this subspecies.

  • Linear Plasmid in the Genome of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
    Journal of bacteriology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Susan E Brown, Dennis L. Knudson, Carol A Ishimaru
    Abstract:

    Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel analysis of genomic DNA of the plant pathogen Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus revealed the presence of a previously unreported extrachromosomal element. This new element was demonstrated to be a linear plasmid. Of 11 strains evaluated, all contained either a 90-kb (pCSL1) or a 140-kb (pCSL2) linear plasmid.

  • rep pcr mediated genomic fingerprinting a rapid and effective method to identify Clavibacter Michiganensis
    Phytopathology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Frank J Louws, Carol A Ishimaru, Christine D Smart, J Bell, C Medinamora, D Opgenorth, M K Hausbeck, F J De Bruijn, Dennis W Fulbright
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The genomic DNA fingerprinting technique known as repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was evaluated as a tool to differentiate subspecies of Clavibacter Michiganensis, with special emphasis on C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis, the pathogen responsible for bacterial canker of tomato. DNA primers (REP, ERIC, and BOX), corresponding to conserved repetitive element motifs in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, were used to generate genomic fingerprints of C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis, C. Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, C. Michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, C. Michiganensis subsp. tessellarius, and C. Michiganensis subsp. insidiosum. The rep-PCR-generated patterns of DNA fragments observed after agarose gel electrophoresis support the current division of C. Michiganensis into five subspecies. In addition, the rep-PCR fingerprints identified at least four types (A, B, C, and D) within C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis based on limited DNA polymorphism...

Rudolf Eichenlaub - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • colonization and movement of gfp labeled Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp Michiganensis during tomato infection
    Phytopathology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Laura Chalupowicz, Rudolf Eichenlaub, Eva-maria Zellermann, Karl-heinz Gartemann, M Fluegel, O Dror, Alon Savidor, Guido Sessa, N Iraki, I Barash
    Abstract:

    Chalupowicz, L., Zellermann, E.-M., Fluegel, M., Dror, O., Eichenlaub, R., Gartemann, K.-H., Savidor, A., Sessa, G., Iraki, N., Barash, I., and Manulis-Sasson, S. 2012. Colonization and movement of GFP-labeled Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis during tomato infection. Phytopathology 102:23-31. The vascular pathogen Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis is responsible for bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. Pathogenicity of this bacterium is dependent on plasmid-borne virulence factors and serine proteases located on the chromosomal chp/tomA pathogenicity island (PAI). In this study, colonization patterns and movement of C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis during tomato infection was examined using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled strain. A plasmid expressing GFP in C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis was constructed and found to be stable in planta for at least 1 month. Confocal laserscanning microscopy (CLSM) of inoculated stems showed that the pathogen extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem. Acropetal movement of the wild-type strain C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis NCPPB382 (Cmm382) in tomato resulted in an extensive systemic colonization of the whole plant reaching the apical region after 15 days, whereas Cmm100 (lacking the plasmids pCM1 and pCM2) or Cmm27 (lacking the chp/tomA PAI) remained confined to the area surrounding of the inoculation site. Cmm382 formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates on the interior of xylem walls as observed by CLSM and scanning electron microscopy. These findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomA PAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates.

  • The Clavibacter Michiganensis Subspecies: Molecular Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Plant Pathogens
    Annual review of phytopathology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Rudolf Eichenlaub, Karl-heinz Gartemann
    Abstract:

    Clavibacter Michiganensis subspecies are actinomycete plant pathogens residing mainly in the xylem vessels that infect economically important host plants. In the Clavibacter subspecies Michiganensis and sepedonicus, infecting tomato and potato, respectively, essential factors for disease induction are plasmid encoded and loss of the virulence plasmids converts these biotrophic pathogens into endophytes. The genes responsible for successful colonization of the host plant, including evasion/suppression of plant defense reactions, are chromosomally encoded. Several serine proteases seem to be involved in colonization. They are secreted by Clavibacter, but their targets remain unknown. A type 3 secretion system (T3SS) translocating effectors into the plant cells is absent in these gram-positive pathogens. With the development of the modern ‘omics technologies for RNA and proteins based on the known genome sequences, a new phase in the investigation of the mechanisms of plant pathogenicity has begun to allow the genome-wide investigation of the Clavibacter-host interaction.

  • A highly efficient transposon mutagenesis system for the tomato pathogen Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis.
    Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI, 2001
    Co-Authors: Oliver Kirchner, Rudolf Eichenlaub, Eva-maria Zellermann, Karl-heinz Gartemann, Annette Burger
    Abstract:

    A transposon mutagenesis system for Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis was developed based on antibiotic resistance transposons that were derived from the insertion element IS1409 from Arthrobacter sp. strain TM1 NCIB12013. As a prerequisite, the electroporation efficiency was optimized by using unmethylated DNA and treatment of the cells with glycine such that about 5 x 10(6) transformants per microg of DNA were generally obtained. Electroporation of C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis with a suicide vector carrying transposon Tn1409C resulted in approximately 1 x 10(3) transposon mutants per pg of DNA and thus is suitable for saturation mutagenesis. Analysis of Tn1409C insertion sites suggests a random mode of transposition. Transposition of Tn1409C was also demonstrated for other subspecies of C. Michiganensis.

  • Clavibacter Michiganensis transformation of a phytopathogenic gram positive bacterium
    2000
    Co-Authors: Dietmar Meletzus, Holger Jahr, Rudolf Eichenlaub
    Abstract:

    The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis (Smith) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato (Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill.). The bacteria infect the host plant via wounds, invade the xylem vessels followed by a systemic infection of the host. This pathogen is the target of international quarantine regulations. Bacterial canker of tomato has caused major economic losses of up to 60% in commercial tomato production world-wide, since neither resistant tomato cultivars nor effective chemical controls of this pathogen are available. C. m. Michiganensis generally is transmitted by contaminated seeds or transplants, and therefore the spreading of this serious pathogen can only be controlled by detection and elimination of infected plants.

  • Clavibacter Michiganensis — Transformation of a Phytopathogenic Gram-Positive Bacterium
    Electrotransformation of Bacteria, 2000
    Co-Authors: Dietmar Meletzus, Holger Jahr, Rudolf Eichenlaub
    Abstract:

    The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis (Smith) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato (Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill.). The bacteria infect the host plant via wounds, invade the xylem vessels followed by a systemic infection of the host. This pathogen is the target of international quarantine regulations. Bacterial canker of tomato has caused major economic losses of up to 60% in commercial tomato production world-wide, since neither resistant tomato cultivars nor effective chemical controls of this pathogen are available. C. m. Michiganensis generally is transmitted by contaminated seeds or transplants, and therefore the spreading of this serious pathogen can only be controlled by detection and elimination of infected plants.

N. C. Gudmestad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Immunity to Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus: Screening of exotic Solanum species
    Euphytica, 1995
    Co-Authors: C. J. Kriel, N. C. Gudmestad, Shelley Jansky, D. H. Ronis
    Abstract:

    Accessions from exotic Solanum species, including diploid and tetraploid species, were screened for immunity to Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of potato ring rot. The diploid species included S. infundibuliforme, S. lesteri, S. megistacrolobum, S. tuberosum Group Phureja, S. polyadenium, S. pinnatisectum, S. raphanifolium, S. sparsipilum, S. sanctae-rosae, S. tuberosum Group Stenotomum, S. toralapanum, and S. verrucosum. The tetraploid species included S. tuberosum Group Andigena, S. acaule, S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. oplocense, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. Apparent immunity was initially found in several diploid species, but was not present during subsequent retesting. Immunity was found in nine accessions of tetraploid S. acaule. These accessions maintained their immunity during testing over an eight-month period. S. acaule appears to be a good source of immunity for introgression studies.

  • Serological detection of nonmucoid strains of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato
    Phytopathology, 1993
    Co-Authors: D. Baer, N. C. Gudmestad
    Abstract:

    Serological detection of several strains of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus was studied in vitro and in two potato cultivars grown in the field in 1989 and 1990. Colony morphology of these strains was categorized as mucoid, intermediate, or nonmucoid. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected mucoid and intermediate strains, but not nonmucoid strains, grown in culture. ELISA performed on infected potato stem samples using six combinations of anti-C. m. sepedonicus antibodies did not detect the three nonmucoid strains tested but did detect the other strains []

Sjaak Van Heusden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic characterization of Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp Michiganensis population in turkey
    Plant Disease, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yusuf Sen, Yesim Aysan, Mustafa Mirik, Duygu Ozdemir, Fien Meijerdekens, Jan M Van Der Wolf, Richard G F Visser, Sjaak Van Heusden
    Abstract:

    The pathogenic gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. is the most harmful bacterium to tomatoes in many countries with a cooler climate. Multilocus sequence analysis was performed on five housekeeping genes (bipA, gyrB, kdpA, ligA, and sdhA) and three virulence-related genes (ppaA, chpC, and tomA) to determine evolutionary relationships and population structure of 108 C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis strains collected from Turkey between 1996 and 2012. Based on these analyses, we concluded that C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis in Turkey is highly uniform. However, at least four novel C. Michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis strains were recently introduced, possibly at the beginning of the 1990s. The singletons might point to additional sources or to strains that have evolved locally in Turkey.