The Experts below are selected from a list of 156 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jiří Zima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
New aspects of submerged fermentation of Claviceps Paspali
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1991Co-Authors: Renáta Bumbová-linhartová, Miroslav Flieger, Petr Sedmera, Jiří ZimaAbstract:Submerged fermentation of Claviceps Paspali strain MG-6 was studied with regard to the fate of individual alkaloids in the course of fermentation. Based on liquid-chromatographic data the process can be divided into three phases. The production phase (fermentation days 3–12) is characterized by biosynthesis of the basic genuine alkaloid, lysergic acid alpha-hydroxyethylamide (LAH I). In view of its low stability it becomes epimerized on two asymmetric carbon atoms in the fermentation medium, yielding three other epimers (LAH II–IV). The degradation phase (days 13–18) involves cleavage of LAH I–IV resulting in ergine and erginine. In the post-production phase (days 15–30) the alkaloids succumb to biooxidative reactions that yield mostly 8-hydroxy-derivatives of ergine and erginine. Isolation of Paspalic acid 10-hydroxyamide signifies the existence of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for production of simple lysergic acid derivatives.
Francis D. Galey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Neurotoxic mycotoxins: a review of fungal toxins that cause neurological disease in large animals.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Konstanze H. Plumlee, Francis D. GaleyAbstract:: Five mycotoxins found in concentrates or roughages have been shown to cause neurologic disease in livestock. Fumonisin B1 is produced by Fusarium moniliforme and causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses. Swainsonine and slaframine are produced by Rhizoctonia leguminicola and cause mannose accumulation and parasympathomimetic effects, respectively. Lolitrems from Acremonium lolii and Paspalitrems from Claviceps Paspali are tremorgens found in grasses.
Renáta Bumbová-linhartová - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
New aspects of submerged fermentation of Claviceps Paspali
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1991Co-Authors: Renáta Bumbová-linhartová, Miroslav Flieger, Petr Sedmera, Jiří ZimaAbstract:Submerged fermentation of Claviceps Paspali strain MG-6 was studied with regard to the fate of individual alkaloids in the course of fermentation. Based on liquid-chromatographic data the process can be divided into three phases. The production phase (fermentation days 3–12) is characterized by biosynthesis of the basic genuine alkaloid, lysergic acid alpha-hydroxyethylamide (LAH I). In view of its low stability it becomes epimerized on two asymmetric carbon atoms in the fermentation medium, yielding three other epimers (LAH II–IV). The degradation phase (days 13–18) involves cleavage of LAH I–IV resulting in ergine and erginine. In the post-production phase (days 15–30) the alkaloids succumb to biooxidative reactions that yield mostly 8-hydroxy-derivatives of ergine and erginine. Isolation of Paspalic acid 10-hydroxyamide signifies the existence of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for production of simple lysergic acid derivatives.
Konstanze H. Plumlee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Neurotoxic mycotoxins: a review of fungal toxins that cause neurological disease in large animals.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Konstanze H. Plumlee, Francis D. GaleyAbstract:: Five mycotoxins found in concentrates or roughages have been shown to cause neurologic disease in livestock. Fumonisin B1 is produced by Fusarium moniliforme and causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses. Swainsonine and slaframine are produced by Rhizoctonia leguminicola and cause mannose accumulation and parasympathomimetic effects, respectively. Lolitrems from Acremonium lolii and Paspalitrems from Claviceps Paspali are tremorgens found in grasses.
Christo J. Botha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Indole-Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Silvio Uhlig, Elin Rolen, Christo J. Botha, Trude Vrålstad, Christopher O. MilesAbstract:Tremorgenic syndromes in mammals are commonly associated with indole−diterpenoid alkaloids of fungal origin. Cattle are sometimes affected by tremors (also called “staggers”) when they graze on toxic grass pastures, and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon, kweek) has been known to be associated with tremors for several decades. This study reports the identification of Paspalitrems and Paspaline-like indole−diterpenes in the seedheads of Claviceps cynodontis-infected Bermuda grass collected from a pasture that had caused a staggers syndrome in cattle in South Africa and thereby links the condition to specific mycotoxins. The highest concentration (about 150 mg/kg) was found for Paspalitrem B. Ergonovine and ergine (lysergic acid amide), together with their C-8 epimers, were found to co-occur with the indole−diterpenes at concentrations of about 10 μg/kg. The indole−diterpene profile of the extract from the ergotized Bermuda grass was similar to that of Claviceps Paspali sclerotia. However, the C. Paspali scler...
-
Indole−Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Silvio Uhlig, Elin Rolen, Christo J. Botha, Trude Vrålstad, Christopher O. MilesAbstract:Tremorgenic syndromes in mammals are commonly associated with indole−diterpenoid alkaloids of fungal origin. Cattle are sometimes affected by tremors (also called “staggers”) when they graze on toxic grass pastures, and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon, kweek) has been known to be associated with tremors for several decades. This study reports the identification of Paspalitrems and Paspaline-like indole−diterpenes in the seedheads of Claviceps cynodontis-infected Bermuda grass collected from a pasture that had caused a staggers syndrome in cattle in South Africa and thereby links the condition to specific mycotoxins. The highest concentration (about 150 mg/kg) was found for Paspalitrem B. Ergonovine and ergine (lysergic acid amide), together with their C-8 epimers, were found to co-occur with the indole−diterpenes at concentrations of about 10 μg/kg. The indole−diterpene profile of the extract from the ergotized Bermuda grass was similar to that of Claviceps Paspali sclerotia. However, the C. Paspali scler...
-
A tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in cattle caused by Paspalum distichum (l.) infected by Claviceps Paspali.
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 1996Co-Authors: Christo J. Botha, Fourie NAbstract:This is the first reported outbreak of paspalum staggers in cattle following ingestion of Paspalum distichum (L) infected by Claviceps Paspali in South Africa. A day after starting to graze on an ergotised paspalum field, 43 animals exhibited various degrees of generalised tremors and ataxia. Four animals became paretic and went into sternal recumbency. All affected animals recovered. The condition was reproduced by feeding ergotised grass to a calf. Signs of intoxication were observed 48 h after ingestion of c. 30 g/kg of the semi-dry plant material. The calf developed tremors and a slight ataxia, which became more pronounced following light exercise.