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Tobias Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the influence of assisted ventilation and Recumbency on cardiorespiratory physiology in the anesthetized freshwater turtle trachemys scripta scripta
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2021Co-Authors: Catherine J A Williams, Kasper M Hansen, Natasha Williams, Soren Reinhold Jakobsen, Christina Caroe Ejlskov Pedersen, Mads F Bertelsen, Tobias WangAbstract:The use of assisted ventilation is required in anesthetized reptiles as their respiratory drive is lost at surgical depths of anesthesia. The minute volume of the assisted ventilation influences arterial blood gases and acid-base regulation. Meanwhile, the ventilatory pattern may also affect hemodynamics in chelonians, which, given their large capacity for cardiac shunts, may impact the efficacy of the ventilation in terms of gas exchange. Hence, there is a need for primary information on the influence of assisted ventilation on chelonian physiology, and we, therefore, performed a randomized study into the effects of Recumbency and maximum airway pressure on pressure-cycled ventilation in nine female Trachemys scripta scripta. Pronounced effects of ventilation pressure on arterial PCO2 and pH regardless of Recumbency were revealed, whilst dorsal Recumbency led to a larger Arterial-alveolar (A-a) O2 difference, suggesting compromised pulmonary gas exchange. Plasma [Na+] and [K+] balance was also significantly correlated with maximum airway pressure. Computed tomography (CT) scanning at a range of end-inspiratory pressures and ventral and dorsal recumbencies in eight T. scripta scripta showed that lung volumes increase with maximum ventilatory pressure, while Recumbency did not influence volume at pressures above 5 cmH2O. Static compliance of the lungs was influenced by Recumbency at neutral pressures. In conclusion, dorsal Recumbency reduces pulmonary efficacy during positive pressure ventilation and tends to lower lung volume when ventilation is not provided. However, lung volumes and function - even in dorsal Recumbency - can be adequately supported by assisted ventilation, and an end inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O at 4 breaths min-1 provided the most physiologically appropriate ventilation of anesthetized T. scripta scripta.
Gianfranco Militerno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bilateral trochlear nerve palsy as a consequence of cerebellar medulloblastoma clinical and pathological findings in a calf
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: E Bianchi, Cristiano Bombardi, Patrizia Bassi, Marilena Bolcato, Arcangelo Gentile, Gianfranco MiliternoAbstract:1-month old female Holstein calf had not been able to stand since birth. Delivery was uncomplicated and no treatment had been administered before admission. On physical examination, the calf had slightly decreased body condition, but was bright and alert. The calf was in lateral Recumbency with spastic extension of all four limbs and opisthotonus. If positioned in left lateral Recumbency, the calf raised its head, which fell immediately to the ground after rotation of the neck. The calf made no attempt to raise its head when lying in right lateral Recumbency. Attempts to passively position the calf in a quadrupedal stance or in sternal Recumbency were unsuccessful. Despite the lateral Recumbency, the calf was able to suckle. A thorough neurologic examination was carried out. Mental status and consciousness were considered normal. Because of Recumbency, postural reactions could not be tested. The menace response was absent in the right eye and present in the left eye. In both eyes, the medial end of the pupil was rotated dorsally. This dorsomedial rotation of the eyes was not affected by changes in the position of the head. Moreover, incomitant strabismus (i.e., degree of misalignment of the eyes varying with the position of
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BILATERAL TROCHLEAR NERVE PALSY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CEREBELLAR MEDULLOBLASTOMA: CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN A CALF
'Wiley', 2015Co-Authors: E Bianchi, Cristiano Bombardi, Patrizia Bassi, Marilena Bolcato, Arcangelo Gentile, Gianfranco MiliternoAbstract:A 1-month old female Holstein calf had not been able to stand since birth. Delivery was uncomplicated and no treatment had been administered before admission. On physical examination, the calf had slightly decreased body condition, but was bright and alert. The calf was in lateral Recumbency with spastic extension of all four limbs and opisthotonus. If positioned in left lateral Recumbency, the calf raised its head, which fell immediately to the ground after rotation of the neck. The calf made no attempt to raise its head when lying in right lateral Recumbency. Attempts to passively position the calf in a quadrupedal stance or in sternal Recumbency were unsuccessful. Despite the lateral Recumbency, the calf was able to suckle. A thorough neurologic examination was carried out. Mental status and consciousness were considered normal. Because of Recumbency, postural reactions could not be tested. The menace response was absent in the right eye and present in the left eye. In both eyes, the medial end of the pupil was rotated dorsally. This dorsomedial rotation of the eyes was not affected by changes in the position of the head. Moreover, incomitant strabismus (i.e., degree of misalignment of the eyes varying with the position of the head) was evident, particularly in left lateral Recumbency, characterized by an upward deviation of the visual axis of the left eye (hypertropia) and inward deviation of the visual axis of the right eye (esotropia). Other routine tests for evaluation of the cranial nerves were normal as were the spinal reflexes. Mild neutrophilic leukocytosis was present on the CBC. On the basis of the clinical and neurologic findings, the tentative anatomical diagnosis was a congenital lesion, located at the level of the right side of the cerebellum with bilateral involvement of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve [CN] IV) and possibly, but less likely, of the other nerves innervating the extraocular muscles (oculomotor nerve, CN III and abducent nerve, CN VI). The most likely differential diagnoses were malformations (e.g., dermoid cyst in the caudal fossa compressing the cerebellum) and embryonal tumors (e.g., medulloblastomas directly or indirectly involving the cerebellum). Bacterial meningoencephalitis, mainly affecting the caudal fossa, also was considered but excluded by the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation. Lumbosacral CSF samples were analyzed. Because of the poor prognosis, the calf was euthanized, and postmortem examination was carried out. The macroscopic examination showed a cerebellar tumor and the final histopathologic diagnosis, supported by immunohistochemical findings, was cerebellar medulloblastoma. We describe a case of cerebellar medulloblastoma, a rare tumor belonging to the family of central primitive neuroectodermal tumors, a differential diagnosis that must be included in calves with cerebellar syndrome, especially when occurring from birth or in young animals
James H Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of the effects of dorsal versus lateral Recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during anesthesia with isoflurane in red tailed hawks buteo jamaicensis
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2013Co-Authors: Michelle G Hawkins, Shachar Malka, Peter J Pascoe, Philip H Kass, Adrian M Solano, Hajime Ohmura, James H JonesAbstract:Objective—To evaluate the effects of dorsal versus lateral Recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during isoflurane anesthesia in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Animals—6 adult 1.1- to 1.6-kg red-tailed hawks. Procedures—A randomized, crossover study was used to evaluate changes in respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, heart rate, mean arterial and indirect blood pressures, and end-tidal Pco2 measured every 5 minutes plus Paco2 and Pao2 and arterial pH measured every 15 minutes throughout a 75-minute study period. Results—Respiratory rate was higher, tidal volume lower, and minute ventilation not different in lateral versus dorsal Recumbency. Position did not affect heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, or indirect blood pressure, although heart rate decreased during the anesthetic period. Birds hypoventilated in both positions and Paco2 differed with time and position × time interaction. The Petco2 position × time interaction was significant and Petco2 was a mean of 7 Torr high...
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effect of body position on respiratory system volumes in anesthetized red tailed hawks buteo jamaicensis as measured via computed tomography
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2009Co-Authors: Shachar Malka, Michelle G Hawkins, James H Jones, Peter J Pascoe, Philip H Kass, Erik R WisnerAbstract:Objective—To determine the effects of body position on lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Animals—6 adult red-tailed hawks (sex unknown). Procedures—A crossover study design was used for quantitative estimation of lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized hawks in 3 body positions: dorsal, right lateral, and sternal Recumbency. Lung volume, lung density, and air-sac volume were calculated from helical computed tomographic (CT) images by use of software designed for volumetric analysis of CT data. Effects of body position were compared by use of repeated-measures ANOVA and a paired Student t test. Results—Results for all pairs of body positions were significantly different from each other. Mean ± SD lung density was lowest when hawks were in sternal Recumbency (–677 ± 28 CT units), followed by right lateral (–647 ± 23 CT units) and dorsal (–630 ± 19 CT units) Recumbency. Mean lung volume was largest in sternal Recumbency (28.6 ± 1.5 mL)...
Catherine J A Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the influence of assisted ventilation and Recumbency on cardiorespiratory physiology in the anesthetized freshwater turtle trachemys scripta scripta
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2021Co-Authors: Catherine J A Williams, Kasper M Hansen, Natasha Williams, Soren Reinhold Jakobsen, Christina Caroe Ejlskov Pedersen, Mads F Bertelsen, Tobias WangAbstract:The use of assisted ventilation is required in anesthetized reptiles as their respiratory drive is lost at surgical depths of anesthesia. The minute volume of the assisted ventilation influences arterial blood gases and acid-base regulation. Meanwhile, the ventilatory pattern may also affect hemodynamics in chelonians, which, given their large capacity for cardiac shunts, may impact the efficacy of the ventilation in terms of gas exchange. Hence, there is a need for primary information on the influence of assisted ventilation on chelonian physiology, and we, therefore, performed a randomized study into the effects of Recumbency and maximum airway pressure on pressure-cycled ventilation in nine female Trachemys scripta scripta. Pronounced effects of ventilation pressure on arterial PCO2 and pH regardless of Recumbency were revealed, whilst dorsal Recumbency led to a larger Arterial-alveolar (A-a) O2 difference, suggesting compromised pulmonary gas exchange. Plasma [Na+] and [K+] balance was also significantly correlated with maximum airway pressure. Computed tomography (CT) scanning at a range of end-inspiratory pressures and ventral and dorsal recumbencies in eight T. scripta scripta showed that lung volumes increase with maximum ventilatory pressure, while Recumbency did not influence volume at pressures above 5 cmH2O. Static compliance of the lungs was influenced by Recumbency at neutral pressures. In conclusion, dorsal Recumbency reduces pulmonary efficacy during positive pressure ventilation and tends to lower lung volume when ventilation is not provided. However, lung volumes and function - even in dorsal Recumbency - can be adequately supported by assisted ventilation, and an end inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O at 4 breaths min-1 provided the most physiologically appropriate ventilation of anesthetized T. scripta scripta.
Leith C R Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what hinders pulmonary gas exchange and changes distribution of ventilation in immobilized white rhinoceroses ceratotherium simum in lateral Recumbency
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Martina Mosing, Robin D Gleed, Michele A Miller, Andreas D Waldmann, Muriel Sacks, Peter Buss, Jordyn M Boesch, Gareth E Zeiler, Giselle Hosgood, Leith C R MeyerAbstract:Electrical impedance tomography measurements of regional ventilation and perfusion applied to etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceroses in lateral Recumbency revealed a pronounced disproportional sh...
