The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Karen J Berkley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis translational evidence of the relationship and implications
    Human Reproduction Update, 2011
    Co-Authors: Pamela Stratton, Karen J Berkley
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Many clinicians and patients believe that endometriosis-associated pain is due to the lesions. Yet causality remains an enigma, because pain symptoms attributed to endometriosis occur in women without endometriosis and because pain symptoms and severity correlate poorly with lesion characteristics. Most research and reviews focus on the lesions, not the pain. This review starts with the recognition that the experience of pain is determined by the central nervous system (CNS) and focuses on the pain symptoms. METHODS Comprehensive searches of Pubmed, Medline and Embase were conducted for current basic and Clinical research on chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. The information was mutually interpreted by a basic scientist and a Clinical Researcher, both in the field of endometriosis. The goal was to develop new ways to conceptualize how endometriosis contributes to pain symptoms in the context of current treatments and the reproductive tract. RESULTS Endometriotic lesions can develop their own nerve supply, thereby creating a direct and two-way interaction between lesions and the CNS. This engagement provides a mechanism by which the dynamic and hormonally responsive nervous system is brought directly into play to produce a variety of individual differences in pain that can, in some women, become independent of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS Major advances in improving understanding and alleviating pain in endometriosis will likely occur if the focus changes from lesions to pain. In turn, how endometriosis affects the CNS would be best examined in the context of mechanisms underlying other chronic pain conditions.

  • chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis translational evidence of the relationship and implications
    Human Reproduction Update, 2011
    Co-Authors: Pamela Stratton, Karen J Berkley
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Many clinicians and patients believe that endometriosis-associated pain is due to the lesions. Yet causality remains an enigma, because pain symptoms attributed to endometriosis occur in women without endometriosis and because pain symptoms and severity correlate poorly with lesion characteristics. Most research and reviews focus on the lesions, not the pain. This review starts with the recognition that the experience of pain is determined by the central nervous system (CNS) and focuses on the pain symptoms. METHODS: Comprehensive searches of Pubmed, Medline and Embase were conducted for current basic and Clinical research on chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. The information was mutually interpreted by a basic scientist and a Clinical Researcher, both in the field of endometriosis. The goal was to develop new ways to conceptualize how endometriosis contributes to pain symptoms in the context of current treatments and the reproductive tract. RESULTS: Endometriotic lesions can develop their own nerve supply, thereby creating a direct and two-way interaction between lesions and the CNS. This engagement provides a mechanism by which the dynamic and hormonally responsive nervous system is brought directly into play to produce a variety of individual differences in pain that can, in some women, become independent of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: Major advances in improving understanding and alleviating pain in endometriosis will likely occur if the focus changes from lesions to pain. In turn, how endometriosis affects the CNS would be best examined in the context of mechanisms underlying other chronic pain conditions.

Pamela Stratton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis translational evidence of the relationship and implications
    Human Reproduction Update, 2011
    Co-Authors: Pamela Stratton, Karen J Berkley
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Many clinicians and patients believe that endometriosis-associated pain is due to the lesions. Yet causality remains an enigma, because pain symptoms attributed to endometriosis occur in women without endometriosis and because pain symptoms and severity correlate poorly with lesion characteristics. Most research and reviews focus on the lesions, not the pain. This review starts with the recognition that the experience of pain is determined by the central nervous system (CNS) and focuses on the pain symptoms. METHODS Comprehensive searches of Pubmed, Medline and Embase were conducted for current basic and Clinical research on chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. The information was mutually interpreted by a basic scientist and a Clinical Researcher, both in the field of endometriosis. The goal was to develop new ways to conceptualize how endometriosis contributes to pain symptoms in the context of current treatments and the reproductive tract. RESULTS Endometriotic lesions can develop their own nerve supply, thereby creating a direct and two-way interaction between lesions and the CNS. This engagement provides a mechanism by which the dynamic and hormonally responsive nervous system is brought directly into play to produce a variety of individual differences in pain that can, in some women, become independent of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS Major advances in improving understanding and alleviating pain in endometriosis will likely occur if the focus changes from lesions to pain. In turn, how endometriosis affects the CNS would be best examined in the context of mechanisms underlying other chronic pain conditions.

  • chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis translational evidence of the relationship and implications
    Human Reproduction Update, 2011
    Co-Authors: Pamela Stratton, Karen J Berkley
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Many clinicians and patients believe that endometriosis-associated pain is due to the lesions. Yet causality remains an enigma, because pain symptoms attributed to endometriosis occur in women without endometriosis and because pain symptoms and severity correlate poorly with lesion characteristics. Most research and reviews focus on the lesions, not the pain. This review starts with the recognition that the experience of pain is determined by the central nervous system (CNS) and focuses on the pain symptoms. METHODS: Comprehensive searches of Pubmed, Medline and Embase were conducted for current basic and Clinical research on chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. The information was mutually interpreted by a basic scientist and a Clinical Researcher, both in the field of endometriosis. The goal was to develop new ways to conceptualize how endometriosis contributes to pain symptoms in the context of current treatments and the reproductive tract. RESULTS: Endometriotic lesions can develop their own nerve supply, thereby creating a direct and two-way interaction between lesions and the CNS. This engagement provides a mechanism by which the dynamic and hormonally responsive nervous system is brought directly into play to produce a variety of individual differences in pain that can, in some women, become independent of the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: Major advances in improving understanding and alleviating pain in endometriosis will likely occur if the focus changes from lesions to pain. In turn, how endometriosis affects the CNS would be best examined in the context of mechanisms underlying other chronic pain conditions.

Jon Stone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • 3 after freud the history of hysteria conversion and functional disorders in neurology in the 20th century
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jon Stone
    Abstract:

    Jon has had a research interest in functional disorders in neurology since 1999 starting with his PhD thesis – a case control study of patients with functional limb weakness. He has published widely in the area including systematic reviews, large cohort studies, imaging studies, exploration of new phenotypes and treatment studies. He has contributed to new diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 and ICD-11 and been involved in promoting functional disorders in training and research. He has made a website for patients at www.neurosymptoms.org which has been translated by other neurologists in to 12 other languages and receives 60 000 hits a month. He runs a weekly functional disorders clinic and as of August 2012 is a National Research Strategy (NHS Scotland) Clinical Fellow. In 2016, he edited a 51-chapter book “Functional Neurologic Disorders” with longstanding colleague Alan Carson and Mark Hallett of NIH as part of the “Handbook of Clinical Neurology” series. In September 2017, he is co-organising an international meeting on functional neurological disorders in Edinburgh – www.fnd2017.org or sign up at www.fnforum.org. Jon also co-leads the ABN special interest group on this topic (http://abnsigfd.moonfruit.com/) The idea of hysteria has been around, overtly anyway, since Hippocrates. Historians of psychiatry and medicine have obsessed over Charcot and Freud and their contributions to hysteria although arguably there were many others in the 19th century such as Briquet and Janet who had even more to offer. This talk however will examine the history of functional neurological disorders in the 20th century after Freud. This flurry of interest between 1880s and early 1920s gave way to disinterest, scepticism and concern about misdiagnosis. This was mirrored by increasing professional and geographical divisions between neurology and psychiatry after the First World War. I will explore the reason why these doldrums may have lasted such a long time. In the 1990s the advent of more detailed imaging and videotelemetry may have brought attention to functional disorders although ultimately the diagnosis has always been a positive one based on Clinical signs, not normal tests. These disorders are now once again the subject of academic and Clinical interest, although arguably still too much on the fringes of neurology and psychiatry. It remains commonplace for historians of Freud and psychoanalysis for example, to assume, incorrectly, that “hysteria” is a historical entity. Revisiting older material provides a rich source of ideas and data for today’s Clinical Researcher but also offers cautionary tales of theories and treatments that led to stagnation rather than advancement of the field. Patterns of treatment do have a habit of repeating themselves, for example, the current enthusiasm for transcranial magnetic stimulation mirrors the excitement about electrotherapy in the 19th century. For these reasons, an understanding of the history of functional disorders in neurology is arguably more important than it is for other areas of other neurological practice.

  • neurologic approaches to hysteria psychogenic and functional disorders from the late 19th century onwards
    Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jon Stone
    Abstract:

    Abstract The history of functional neurologic disorders in the 20th century from the point of view of the neurologist is U-shaped. A flurry of interest between the 1880s and early 1920s gave way to lack of interest, skepticism, and concern about misdiagnosis. This was mirrored by increasing professional and geographic divisions between neurology and psychiatry after the First World War. In the 1990s the advent of imaging and other technology highlighted the positive nature of a functional diagnosis. Having been closer in the early 20th century but later more separate, these disorders are now once again the subject of academic and Clinical interest, although arguably still very much on the fringes of neurology and neuropsychiatry. Revisiting older material provides a rich source of ideas and data for today's Clinical Researcher, but also offers cautionary tales of theories and treatments that led to stagnation rather than advancement of the field. Patterns of treatment do have a habit of repeating themselves, for example, the current enthusiasm for transcranial magnetic stimulation compared to the excitement about electrotherapy in the 19th century. For these reasons, an understanding of the history of functional disorders in neurology is arguably more important than it is for other areas of neurologic practice.

Nicole Mayerhamblett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of fev1 in cystic fibrosis epidemiologic studies and Clinical trials a statistical perspective for the Clinical Researcher
    Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 2017
    Co-Authors: Rhonda D Szczesniak, Sonya L Heltshe, Sanja Stanojevic, Nicole Mayerhamblett
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV 1 ) is an established marker of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease progression that is used to capture Clinical course and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. The research community has established FEV 1 surveillance data through a variety of observational data sources such as patient registries, and there is a growing pipeline of new CF therapies demonstrated to be efficacious in Clinical trials by establishing improvements in FEV 1 . Results In this review, we summarize from a statistical perspective the Clinical relevance of FEV 1 based on its association with morbidity and mortality in CF, its role in epidemiologic studies of disease progression and comparative effectiveness, and its utility in Clinical trials. In addition, we identify opportunities to advance epidemiologic research and the Clinical development pipeline through further statistical considerations. Conclusions Our understanding of CF disease course, therapeutics, and Clinical care has evolved immensely in the past decades, in large part due to the thoughtful application of rigorous research methods and meaningful Clinical endpoints such as FEV 1 . A continued commitment to conduct research that minimizes the potential for bias, maximizes the limited patient population, and harmonizes approaches to FEV 1 analysis while maintaining Clinical relevance, will facilitate further opportunities to advance CF care.

Marissa Lassere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the biomarker surrogacy evaluation schema a review of the biomarker surrogate literature and a proposal for a criterion based quantitative multidimensional hierarchical levels of evidence schema for evaluating the status of biomarkers as surrogate en
    Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Marissa Lassere
    Abstract:

    There are clear advantages to using biomarkers and surrogate endpoints, but concerns about Clinical and statistical validity and systematic methods to evaluate these aspects hinder their efficient application. Section 2 is a systematic, historical review of the biomarker-surrogate endpoint literature with special reference to the nomenclature, the systems of classification and statistical methods developed for their evaluation. In Section 3 an explicit, criterion-based, quantitative, multidimensional hierarchical levels of evidence schema - Biomarker-Surrogacy Evaluation Schema - is proposed to evaluate and co-ordinate the multiple dimensions (biological, epidemiological, statistical, Clinical trial and risk-benefit evidence) of the biomarker Clinical endpoint relationships. The schema systematically evaluates and ranks the surrogacy status of biomarkers and surrogate endpoints using defined levels of evidence. The schema incorporates the three independent domains: Study Design, Target Outcome and Statistical Evaluation. Each domain has items ranked from zero to five. An additional category called Penalties incorporates additional considerations of biological plausibility, risk-benefit and generalizability. The total score (0-15) determines the level of evidence, with Level 1 the strongest and Level 5 the weakest. The term ;surrogate' is restricted to markers attaining Levels 1 or 2 only. Surrogacy status of markers can then be directly compared within and across different areas of medicine to guide individual, trial-based or drug-development decisions. This schema would facilitate communication between Clinical, Researcher, regulatory, industry and consumer participants necessary for evaluation of the biomarker-surrogate-Clinical endpoint relationship in their different settings.