The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Claire C Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of autonomic innervation of the Clitoris and bulb.
The Journal of urology, 2020Co-Authors: Ugur Yilmaz, Brenda G Kromm, Claire C YangAbstract:Female sexual dysfunction is a common disorder but there are few objective measures of female genital function. We present a novel technique to record electrical activity of the female genital erectile tissue. We placed concentric needle electrodes in the right clitoral crus and the bulb of 22 healthy women. Following spontaneous activity recording we stimulated the median nerve to activate the sympathetic nervous system. We simultaneously measured evoked activity in the Clitoris and bulb, and hand sympathetic skin responses (SSRs). Spontaneous electrical activity of the Clitoris and bulb was present in 13 subjects. A total of 21 subjects had evoked activity in the bulb, while 18 had evoked activity in the Clitoris. All subjects had hand SSRs. Evoked genital response latencies were similar to hand SSR latency (p > 0.05). Evoked electrical activity was recordable in the Clitoris and bulb but it was more easily performed in the bulb. Evoked electrical activity is more consistently obtained than spontaneous activity. These tests represent possible objective measures of female genital autonomic innervation, which may have relevance to female sexual function.
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cutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Cheryl Shih, Christopher J Cold, Claire C YangAbstract:Abstract Introduction The female genital sensory pathways that initiate sexual arousal reflexes begin with cutaneous corpuscular receptors in the glabrous genital skin, including those of the glans Clitoris. Aim The aim of this study is to characterize the corpuscular receptors of the glans Clitoris. In addition, we compared basic features with the receptors of the glans penis. Main Outcome Measure Number of stained receptors. Methods Five cadaveric vulvectomy specimens and four cadaveric penile specimens were used. They were serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Selected blocks were stained with Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining was done with neuronal markers S‐100 and neurofilament. Results Using the three stains, we identified an abundance of corpuscular receptors within the glans Clitoris, as compared with the surrounding prepuce. These receptors were of varied arrangements, situated in the subepithelial tissues of the glans Clitoris. They were indistinguishable from the receptors of the glans penis. The number of receptors per 100× high‐powered field ranged from 1 to 14, whereas the receptor density in the glans penis ranged from 1 to 3. A second type of receptor, the Pacinian corpuscle, was identified within the suspensory ligament along the trunks of the dorsal nerve but not within the glans itself. Conclusions The glans Clitoris is densely innervated with cutaneous corpuscular receptors, and these receptors are morphologically similar to the corpuscular receptors of the glans penis. The glans Clitoris has greater variability in receptor density compared with the glans penis. Shih C, Cold CJ, and Yang CC. Cutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris: Descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis. J Sex Med 2013;10:1783–1789.
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original research anatomy physiologycutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Cheryl Shih, Christopher J Cold, Claire C YangAbstract:Introduction The female genital sensory pathways that initiate sexual arousal reflexes begin with cutaneous corpuscular receptors in the glabrous genital skin, including those of the glans Clitoris.
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evaluation of autonomic innervation of the Clitoris and bulb
The Journal of Urology, 2004Co-Authors: Ugur Yilmaz, Brenda G Kromm, Claire C YangAbstract:ABSTRACTPurpose:: Female sexual dysfunction is a common disorder but there are few objective measures of female genital function. We present a novel technique to record electrical activity of the female genital erectile tissue.Materials and Method:: We placed concentric needle electrodes in the right clitoral crus and the bulb of 22 healthy women. Following spontaneous activity recording we stimulated the median nerve to activate the sympathetic nervous system. We simultaneously measured evoked activity in the Clitoris and bulb, and hand sympathetic skin responses (SSRs).Results:: Spontaneous electrical activity of the Clitoris and bulb was present in 13 subjects. A total of 21 subjects had evoked activity in the bulb, while 18 had evoked activity in the Clitoris. All subjects had hand SSRs. Evoked genital response latencies were similar to hand SSR latency (p >0.05). Evoked electrical activity was recordable in the Clitoris and bulb but it was more easily performed in the bulb.Conclusions:: Evoked electr...
Nieves Martinalguacil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oestrogen receptor expression and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the Clitoris and preputial gland structures of mice
BJUI, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W PfaffAbstract:OBJECTIVE To study the presence of oestrogen receptors (ER) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the mouse Clitoris. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of sections of the pelvic area, including the preputial glands and Clitoris, of 10 mice were assessed by immunocytochemical studies specific for ER-α and -β, and nNOS; selected sections were also stained with Masson’s trichrome. RESULTS ERα was detected in the epithelium of the gland of the Clitoris, and in the glandular tissue, preputial and apocrine gland. ERα was detected in the nuclei of stromal cells around the cavernous tissue and near the epithelium of the Clitoris. Cytoplasm ERα was detected in a few cells in an area ventral to the clitoral gland. There was also nuclear staining in the connective tissue cells surrounding the Clitoris. Very light ERβ immunostaining was detected in the Clitoris and in the tissue related to it. There were some cells with nuclear staining in the vessels of the cavernous tissue of the Clitoris. nNOS immunostaining was detected in the Clitoris, the preputial gland and the connective tissue. CONCLUSION ERα and β isoforms, and nNOS, are present in the Clitoris and preputial glands of female mice in different cellular locations and with differing levels of receptivity. Functional studies would further elucidate the role of receptor functions and their relationship to the neuronal expression of NO.
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clitoral sexual arousal neuronal tracing study from the Clitoris through the spinal tracts
The Journal of Urology, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W Pfaff, Dale R Sengelaub, Deborah N ShelleyAbstract:Purpose: Although genital tactile stimulation is regarded as a precursor to sexual arousal and a recognized initiator of central nervous system arousal, specific afferent neural pathways transmit sensory stimuli of arousal, beginning at the epithelial level on the Clitoris and following the course of arousal stimuli through the central nervous system. Limited knowledge exists of the pathway from the cutaneous receptors of nerves originating in the epithelial tissue of the Clitoris and continuing to spinal cord afferents. Such information may contribute to an understanding of sexual arousal, particularly in female vertebrates. We further defined the neural pathways and mechanisms responsible for arousal originating in the epithelium of the Clitoris as well as related neural pathways to the spinal cord in a murine model.Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the published relevant clinical and histological material from human and nonhuman vertebrate studies. In 29 adult female C57B1/6...
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clitoral sexual arousal an immunocytochemical and innervation study of the Clitoris
BJUI, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W Pfaff, Deborah N ShelleyAbstract:OBJECTIVE To further define neural pathways and mechanisms responsible for the arousing properties of the epithelium of the Clitoris as well as related neural pathways associated with sexual arousal in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female C57B1/6 mice were used for gross dissection, facilitated by resin injection of the vascular system, and silver staining, and immunostaining for S-100 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). We also comprehensively reviewed relevant published clinical and histological material from both human and non-human vertebrate studies. RESULTS The distal innervation consists of three nerve bundles: one related to the perineal region, one through the corpus cavernosum, and the third between the dorsal part of the Clitoris and the urethra. Communicating nerve fibres were identified between the perineal, the corpus cavernous nerve (CN) and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris. Immunostaining for nNOS showed that the CN sends nNOS-positive fibres to join the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris. In the same distal area of the Clitoris, the connecting branches between the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris are also nNOS positive. CONCLUSIONS A rich network of nerve bundles and terminal branches were identified and associated with nNOS immunostaining in the cavernosal tissue of the body of Clitoris. NO control of vasodilatation and neuronal signalling between the CN and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris could contribute to the engorgement and subsidence of clitoral tissue. This supports the initiation of sexual arousal by tactile stimuli. The distribution pattern of the general and peptidergic innervation in the murine Clitoris is similar to that of the penis.
Cheryl Shih - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Cheryl Shih, Christopher J Cold, Claire C YangAbstract:Abstract Introduction The female genital sensory pathways that initiate sexual arousal reflexes begin with cutaneous corpuscular receptors in the glabrous genital skin, including those of the glans Clitoris. Aim The aim of this study is to characterize the corpuscular receptors of the glans Clitoris. In addition, we compared basic features with the receptors of the glans penis. Main Outcome Measure Number of stained receptors. Methods Five cadaveric vulvectomy specimens and four cadaveric penile specimens were used. They were serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Selected blocks were stained with Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining was done with neuronal markers S‐100 and neurofilament. Results Using the three stains, we identified an abundance of corpuscular receptors within the glans Clitoris, as compared with the surrounding prepuce. These receptors were of varied arrangements, situated in the subepithelial tissues of the glans Clitoris. They were indistinguishable from the receptors of the glans penis. The number of receptors per 100× high‐powered field ranged from 1 to 14, whereas the receptor density in the glans penis ranged from 1 to 3. A second type of receptor, the Pacinian corpuscle, was identified within the suspensory ligament along the trunks of the dorsal nerve but not within the glans itself. Conclusions The glans Clitoris is densely innervated with cutaneous corpuscular receptors, and these receptors are morphologically similar to the corpuscular receptors of the glans penis. The glans Clitoris has greater variability in receptor density compared with the glans penis. Shih C, Cold CJ, and Yang CC. Cutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris: Descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis. J Sex Med 2013;10:1783–1789.
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original research anatomy physiologycutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans Clitoris descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Cheryl Shih, Christopher J Cold, Claire C YangAbstract:Introduction The female genital sensory pathways that initiate sexual arousal reflexes begin with cutaneous corpuscular receptors in the glabrous genital skin, including those of the glans Clitoris.
Peter L Dwyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anatomical study of the obturator foramen and dorsal nerve of the Clitoris and their relationship to minimally invasive slings
International Urogynecology Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Chahin Achtari, Bayden J Mckenzie, Richard Hiscock, Anna Rosamilia, Lore Schierlitz, Christopher A Briggs, Peter L DwyerAbstract:Objectives The objective of the study is to clarify potential risks to the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (DNC) and obturator canal using different minimally invasive slings.
Justine M Schober - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oestrogen receptor expression and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the Clitoris and preputial gland structures of mice
BJUI, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W PfaffAbstract:OBJECTIVE To study the presence of oestrogen receptors (ER) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the mouse Clitoris. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of sections of the pelvic area, including the preputial glands and Clitoris, of 10 mice were assessed by immunocytochemical studies specific for ER-α and -β, and nNOS; selected sections were also stained with Masson’s trichrome. RESULTS ERα was detected in the epithelium of the gland of the Clitoris, and in the glandular tissue, preputial and apocrine gland. ERα was detected in the nuclei of stromal cells around the cavernous tissue and near the epithelium of the Clitoris. Cytoplasm ERα was detected in a few cells in an area ventral to the clitoral gland. There was also nuclear staining in the connective tissue cells surrounding the Clitoris. Very light ERβ immunostaining was detected in the Clitoris and in the tissue related to it. There were some cells with nuclear staining in the vessels of the cavernous tissue of the Clitoris. nNOS immunostaining was detected in the Clitoris, the preputial gland and the connective tissue. CONCLUSION ERα and β isoforms, and nNOS, are present in the Clitoris and preputial glands of female mice in different cellular locations and with differing levels of receptivity. Functional studies would further elucidate the role of receptor functions and their relationship to the neuronal expression of NO.
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clitoral sexual arousal neuronal tracing study from the Clitoris through the spinal tracts
The Journal of Urology, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W Pfaff, Dale R Sengelaub, Deborah N ShelleyAbstract:Purpose: Although genital tactile stimulation is regarded as a precursor to sexual arousal and a recognized initiator of central nervous system arousal, specific afferent neural pathways transmit sensory stimuli of arousal, beginning at the epithelial level on the Clitoris and following the course of arousal stimuli through the central nervous system. Limited knowledge exists of the pathway from the cutaneous receptors of nerves originating in the epithelial tissue of the Clitoris and continuing to spinal cord afferents. Such information may contribute to an understanding of sexual arousal, particularly in female vertebrates. We further defined the neural pathways and mechanisms responsible for arousal originating in the epithelium of the Clitoris as well as related neural pathways to the spinal cord in a murine model.Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the published relevant clinical and histological material from human and nonhuman vertebrate studies. In 29 adult female C57B1/6...
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clitoral sexual arousal an immunocytochemical and innervation study of the Clitoris
BJUI, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W Pfaff, Deborah N ShelleyAbstract:OBJECTIVE To further define neural pathways and mechanisms responsible for the arousing properties of the epithelium of the Clitoris as well as related neural pathways associated with sexual arousal in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female C57B1/6 mice were used for gross dissection, facilitated by resin injection of the vascular system, and silver staining, and immunostaining for S-100 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). We also comprehensively reviewed relevant published clinical and histological material from both human and non-human vertebrate studies. RESULTS The distal innervation consists of three nerve bundles: one related to the perineal region, one through the corpus cavernosum, and the third between the dorsal part of the Clitoris and the urethra. Communicating nerve fibres were identified between the perineal, the corpus cavernous nerve (CN) and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris. Immunostaining for nNOS showed that the CN sends nNOS-positive fibres to join the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris. In the same distal area of the Clitoris, the connecting branches between the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris are also nNOS positive. CONCLUSIONS A rich network of nerve bundles and terminal branches were identified and associated with nNOS immunostaining in the cavernosal tissue of the body of Clitoris. NO control of vasodilatation and neuronal signalling between the CN and the dorsal nerve of the Clitoris could contribute to the engorgement and subsidence of clitoral tissue. This supports the initiation of sexual arousal by tactile stimuli. The distribution pattern of the general and peptidergic innervation in the murine Clitoris is similar to that of the penis.