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Minho Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of a loop mediated isothermal amplification lamp assay targeting cox1 gene for the detection of clonorchis sinensis in human fecal samples
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: S Mazidur M Rahman, Sungtae Hong, Min Kyung Lim, Yan Jin, Hyun Beom Song, Minho Choi
    Abstract:

    Background Clonorchiasis is prevalent in the Far East, and a major health problem in endemic areas. Infected persons may experience, if not treated, serious complications such as bile stone formation, pyogenic cholangitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications and, therefore, the simple and reliable diagnostic method is necessary to control Clonorchiasis in endemic areas, where resources for the diagnosis are limited. Methodology/Principle findings The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis DNA. Six primers targeting eight locations on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of C. sinensis were designed for species-specific amplification using the LAMP assay. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as 100 fg of C. sinensis genomic DNA and the detection limit in 100 mg of stool was as low as one egg. The assay was highly specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with the DNA of other helminths, protozoa or Escherichia coli. Then, LAMP assay was applied to human fecal samples collected from an endemic area of Clonorchiasis in Korea. Using samples showing consistent results by both Kato-Katz method and real-time PCR as reference standards, the LAMP assay showed 97.1% (95% CI, 90.1–99.2) of sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 92.9–100) of specificity. In stool samples with more than 100 eggs per gram of feces, the sensitivity achieved 100%. Conclusions To detect C. sinensis in human fecal samples, the LAMP assay was applied and achieved high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMP assay can be utilized in field laboratories as a powerful tool for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of Clonorchiasis.

  • significance of serology by multi antigen elisa for tissue helminthiases in korea
    Journal of Korean Medical Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yan Jin, Minho Choi, Eun Min Kim, Sungtae Hong
    Abstract:

    It is clinically important to differentiate tissue-invading helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive rates for Clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis 4 helminthiases from 1996 to 2006 using multi-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Korea. Results of 6,017 samples, which were referred to our institute for serodiagnosis, were analyzed. The subjects with positive serum IgG antibodies were 1,502 (25.0%) for any of the 4 helminthiases. The overall positive numbers for Clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis were 728 (12.1%), 166 (2.8%), 729 (12.1%), and 263 (4.4%), respectively. The positive serologic reaction to multi-antigens was determined in 309 (20.6%) of the 1,502 total seropositive subjects. Those with multi-antigen positivity were regarded as positive for the antigen of strongest reaction but cross-reaction to others with weak positive reaction. Annual seropositive rates for those 4 tissue helminthiases ranged from 12.1% to 35.7%. The highest rate was observed in age from 60 to 69 years old and prevalence of men (27.4%; 1,030/3,763) was significantly higher than of women (19.1%; 332/1,741). Hospital records of 165 ELISA positive patients were reviewed to confirm correlation with their clinical diagnosis. Paragonimiasis was highly correlated as 81.8% (9/11), cysticercosis 29.9% (20/67), Clonorchiasis 29.0% (20/69), and sparganosis 11.1% (2/18). In conclusion, the multi-antigen ELISA using 4 helminth antigens is useful to differentiate suspected tissue-invading helminthiases, especially ELISA diagnosis of paragonimiasis is reliable. The seropositivity is still high among suspected patients in Korea.

  • Application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting cox1 gene for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis in human fecal samples.
    Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017
    Co-Authors: S Mazidur M Rahman, Sungtae Hong, Min Kyung Lim, Yan Jin, Hyun Beom Song, Minho Choi
    Abstract:

    Clonorchiasis is prevalent in the Far East, and a major health problem in endemic areas. Infected persons may experience, if not treated, serious complications such as bile stone formation, pyogenic cholangitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications and, therefore, the simple and reliable diagnostic method is necessary to control Clonorchiasis in endemic areas, where resources for the diagnosis are limited.The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis DNA. Six primers targeting eight locations on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of C. sinensis were designed for species-specific amplification using the LAMP assay. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as 100 fg of C. sinensis genomic DNA and the detection limit in 100 mg of stool was as low as one egg. The assay was highly specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with the DNA of other helminths, protozoa or Escherichia coli. Then, LAMP assay was applied to human fecal samples collected from an endemic area of Clonorchiasis in Korea. Using samples showing consistent results by both Kato-Katz method and real-time PCR as reference standards, the LAMP assay showed 97.1% (95% CI, 90.1-99.2) of sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 92.9-100) of specificity. In stool samples with more than 100 eggs per gram of feces, the sensitivity achieved 100%.To detect C. sinensis in human fecal samples, the LAMP assay was applied and achieved high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMP assay can be utilized in field laboratories as a powerful tool for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of Clonorchiasis

  • Influencing Factors for Cure of Clonorchiasis by Praziquantel Therapy: Infection Burden and
    2013
    Co-Authors: Cypa Gene Polymorphism, Minho Choi, Byung Suk Chung, Jeong Keun Lee, Chung Hyeon Kim, Sungtae Hong
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Chemotherapy of Clonorchiasis with praziquantel (PZQ) is effective but about 15 % of treated cases have been reported uncured. The present study investigated correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP3A5 and cure of Clonorchiasis. A total of 346 egg passing residents were subjected and treated by 3 doses of 25 mg/kg PZQ. Reexamination recognized 33 (9.5%) uncured and 313 cured. Numbers of eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) before treatment were significantly lower in the cured group than in the uncured group (2,011. 2 ± 3,600.0 vs 4,998.5±7,012.0, P <0.001). DNAs of the subjects were screened for SNPs at 7 locations of CYP3A5 using PCR. In the uncured group, the SNP frequencies at g.-20555G> A and g.27526C> T of CYP3A5 were 15.2 % and 9.1 % while those were 3.8 % and 1.0%, respectively, in the cured group. The cure rate was significantly lower in the cases with SNP at g.27526C>T and EPGs≥1,000. In conclusion, EPGs and SNPs of CYP3A5 are factors which influence cure of Clonorchiasis by PZQ therapy. It is strongly suggested to recommend 2-day medication for individuals with high EPGs ≥ 1,000

  • The map of the study areas in Heilongjiang Province, China.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Minho Choi, Seung Yull Cho, Han Jong Rim, Zheng Feng, Sue K. Park, Soon-hyung Lee
    Abstract:

    The study areas include five villages in heavy endemic areas of Clonorchiasis in Zhaoyuan, and two villages in moderate endemic areas in Hailin and Ningan. MT2, mass treatment every 2 year; MT1, mass treatment every year; ST1, selective treatment every year; ST1R, selective treatment and reservoir control every year; ST6M, selective treatment every 6 month; ST2-mod, selective treatment every 2 year; ST1-mod, selective treatment every year.

Sungtae Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of a loop mediated isothermal amplification lamp assay targeting cox1 gene for the detection of clonorchis sinensis in human fecal samples
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: S Mazidur M Rahman, Sungtae Hong, Min Kyung Lim, Yan Jin, Hyun Beom Song, Minho Choi
    Abstract:

    Background Clonorchiasis is prevalent in the Far East, and a major health problem in endemic areas. Infected persons may experience, if not treated, serious complications such as bile stone formation, pyogenic cholangitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications and, therefore, the simple and reliable diagnostic method is necessary to control Clonorchiasis in endemic areas, where resources for the diagnosis are limited. Methodology/Principle findings The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis DNA. Six primers targeting eight locations on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of C. sinensis were designed for species-specific amplification using the LAMP assay. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as 100 fg of C. sinensis genomic DNA and the detection limit in 100 mg of stool was as low as one egg. The assay was highly specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with the DNA of other helminths, protozoa or Escherichia coli. Then, LAMP assay was applied to human fecal samples collected from an endemic area of Clonorchiasis in Korea. Using samples showing consistent results by both Kato-Katz method and real-time PCR as reference standards, the LAMP assay showed 97.1% (95% CI, 90.1–99.2) of sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 92.9–100) of specificity. In stool samples with more than 100 eggs per gram of feces, the sensitivity achieved 100%. Conclusions To detect C. sinensis in human fecal samples, the LAMP assay was applied and achieved high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMP assay can be utilized in field laboratories as a powerful tool for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of Clonorchiasis.

  • significance of serology by multi antigen elisa for tissue helminthiases in korea
    Journal of Korean Medical Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yan Jin, Minho Choi, Eun Min Kim, Sungtae Hong
    Abstract:

    It is clinically important to differentiate tissue-invading helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody positive rates for Clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis 4 helminthiases from 1996 to 2006 using multi-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Korea. Results of 6,017 samples, which were referred to our institute for serodiagnosis, were analyzed. The subjects with positive serum IgG antibodies were 1,502 (25.0%) for any of the 4 helminthiases. The overall positive numbers for Clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and sparganosis were 728 (12.1%), 166 (2.8%), 729 (12.1%), and 263 (4.4%), respectively. The positive serologic reaction to multi-antigens was determined in 309 (20.6%) of the 1,502 total seropositive subjects. Those with multi-antigen positivity were regarded as positive for the antigen of strongest reaction but cross-reaction to others with weak positive reaction. Annual seropositive rates for those 4 tissue helminthiases ranged from 12.1% to 35.7%. The highest rate was observed in age from 60 to 69 years old and prevalence of men (27.4%; 1,030/3,763) was significantly higher than of women (19.1%; 332/1,741). Hospital records of 165 ELISA positive patients were reviewed to confirm correlation with their clinical diagnosis. Paragonimiasis was highly correlated as 81.8% (9/11), cysticercosis 29.9% (20/67), Clonorchiasis 29.0% (20/69), and sparganosis 11.1% (2/18). In conclusion, the multi-antigen ELISA using 4 helminth antigens is useful to differentiate suspected tissue-invading helminthiases, especially ELISA diagnosis of paragonimiasis is reliable. The seropositivity is still high among suspected patients in Korea.

  • Application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting cox1 gene for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis in human fecal samples.
    Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017
    Co-Authors: S Mazidur M Rahman, Sungtae Hong, Min Kyung Lim, Yan Jin, Hyun Beom Song, Minho Choi
    Abstract:

    Clonorchiasis is prevalent in the Far East, and a major health problem in endemic areas. Infected persons may experience, if not treated, serious complications such as bile stone formation, pyogenic cholangitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications and, therefore, the simple and reliable diagnostic method is necessary to control Clonorchiasis in endemic areas, where resources for the diagnosis are limited.The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been applied for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis DNA. Six primers targeting eight locations on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of C. sinensis were designed for species-specific amplification using the LAMP assay. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect as little as 100 fg of C. sinensis genomic DNA and the detection limit in 100 mg of stool was as low as one egg. The assay was highly specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with the DNA of other helminths, protozoa or Escherichia coli. Then, LAMP assay was applied to human fecal samples collected from an endemic area of Clonorchiasis in Korea. Using samples showing consistent results by both Kato-Katz method and real-time PCR as reference standards, the LAMP assay showed 97.1% (95% CI, 90.1-99.2) of sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 92.9-100) of specificity. In stool samples with more than 100 eggs per gram of feces, the sensitivity achieved 100%.To detect C. sinensis in human fecal samples, the LAMP assay was applied and achieved high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMP assay can be utilized in field laboratories as a powerful tool for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of Clonorchiasis

  • Influencing Factors for Cure of Clonorchiasis by Praziquantel Therapy: Infection Burden and
    2013
    Co-Authors: Cypa Gene Polymorphism, Minho Choi, Byung Suk Chung, Jeong Keun Lee, Chung Hyeon Kim, Sungtae Hong
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Chemotherapy of Clonorchiasis with praziquantel (PZQ) is effective but about 15 % of treated cases have been reported uncured. The present study investigated correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP3A5 and cure of Clonorchiasis. A total of 346 egg passing residents were subjected and treated by 3 doses of 25 mg/kg PZQ. Reexamination recognized 33 (9.5%) uncured and 313 cured. Numbers of eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) before treatment were significantly lower in the cured group than in the uncured group (2,011. 2 ± 3,600.0 vs 4,998.5±7,012.0, P <0.001). DNAs of the subjects were screened for SNPs at 7 locations of CYP3A5 using PCR. In the uncured group, the SNP frequencies at g.-20555G> A and g.27526C> T of CYP3A5 were 15.2 % and 9.1 % while those were 3.8 % and 1.0%, respectively, in the cured group. The cure rate was significantly lower in the cases with SNP at g.27526C>T and EPGs≥1,000. In conclusion, EPGs and SNPs of CYP3A5 are factors which influence cure of Clonorchiasis by PZQ therapy. It is strongly suggested to recommend 2-day medication for individuals with high EPGs ≥ 1,000

  • Hypersensitive Reaction to Praziquantel in a Clonorchiasis Patient
    2013
    Co-Authors: Jung-min Lee, Hyun-sul Lim, Sungtae Hong
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Praziquantel is the drug of choice for Clonorchiasis. Since Clonorchiasis is endemic in most river basins, praziquantel has been widely used for 30 years in Korea. A 54-year-old Korean woman suffered from hypersensitive reactions, such as nausea, dyspnea, rash, and urticaria after taking the first dose of praziquantel to treat Clonorchiasis. She ingested one dose again and the same symptoms appeared, and she was treated at a clinic with anti-histamines. She tried one more dose with anti-histamines but found the same symptoms. Later, she was found to pass eggs of Clonorchis sinensis and medicated with flubendazole. The hypersensitive reaction to praziquantel is rare but occurs. This is the 5th case report in the world. Key words: Clonorchis sinensis, Clonorchiasis, praziquantel, hypersensitive reactio

X Q Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sensitive and rapid detection of clonorchis sinensis infection in fish by loop mediated isothermal amplification lamp
    Parasitology Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: X Q Cai, Y H Wang, D Y Qiu, G X Liu, A Lin, J D Tang, Renli Zhang, X Q Zhu
    Abstract:

    The fish-borne Clonorchiasis caused by the oriental liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis is endemic in a number of countries with over 35 million people being infected globally. Rapid and accurate detection of C. sinensis in its intermediate host fish is important for the control and prevention of Clonorchiasis in areas where the disease is endemic. In the present study, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach for the sensitive and rapid detection of C. sinensis metacercariae in fish. The specificity and sensitivity of primers designed from the C. sinensis cathepsins B3 gene were evaluated, and specific amplification products were obtained with C. sinensis, while no amplification products were detected with DNA of related trematodes, demonstrating the specificity of the assay. The LAMP assay was proved to be 100 times more sensitive than a conventional polymerase chain reaction for detection of C. sinensis. The established LAMP assay provides a useful tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of C. sinensis in fish, which has important implications for the effective control of human Clonorchiasis.

  • Clonorchiasis: a key foodborne zoonosis in China
    'Elsevier BV', 2005
    Co-Authors: Zr Lun, X Q Zhu, Rb Gasser, Dh Lai, Yy Fang
    Abstract:

    C1 - Journal Articles RefereedThe oriental liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is of major socioeconomic importance in parts of Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater fish, and then to human beings and other piscivorous mammals, and causes substantial clinical or subclinical disease, known as Clonorchiasis. There is considerable evidence for an aetiological relation between Clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in human beings. It is estimated that about 35 million people are infected globally, of whom approximately 15 million are in China. Although very little information from China has been published in the English language, recent analyses of epidemiological data sets suggest that Clonorchiasis is having an increased human-health impact due to the greater consumption of raw freshwater fish. To gain an improved insight into Clonorchiasis in China, this review provides a background on the parasite and its life cycle, summarises key aspects regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Clonorchiasis, describes the geographic distribution and prevalence of Clonorchiasis, and makes some recommendations for future research and the control of this important disease

Xiaonong Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effectiveness of a community based integrated strategy to control soil transmitted helminthiasis and Clonorchiasis in the people s republic of china
    Acta Tropica, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ying-dan Chen, Men-bao Qian, Chang Hai Zhou, Yueyi Fang, Hongchun Tian, Zijian Feng, Meng Tang, Yu Wang, Robert Bergquist, Xiaonong Zhou
    Abstract:

    Abstract Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) are caused by a group of intestinal nematode infections due to poor hygiene and environments, and Clonorchiasis is a food-borne trematode (FBT) infection caused by ingestion of raw freshwater fish. Both are endemic in the People's Republic of China. To explore a suitable control strategy, integrated interventions were applied between 2007 and 2009 in ten pilot counties (eight for the STHs and two for Clonorchiasis). Drug administration was used for treatment and complementary efforts to improve the situation based on health education, provision of clean water and sanitation were carried out. Significant achievements were gained as reflected by a drastic decrease in prevalence these infections were demonstrated. The overall prevalence of STHs and Clonorchiasis decreased from 35.9% to 7.8% and from 41.4% to 7.0%, respectively. The reduction of prevalence and high cost-effectiveness were documented supporting large-scale application of this integrated intervention in China and elsewhere.

  • performance evaluation of existing immunoassays for clonorchis sinensis infection in china
    Parasites & Vectors, 2018
    Co-Authors: Men-bao Qian, Yi-chao Yang, Zhi-hua Jiang, Ying-dan Chen, Jiaxu Chen, Kang Wei, Junhu Chen, Xiaonong Zhou
    Abstract:

    Clonorchiasis ranks among the most important food-borne parasitic diseases in China. However, due to low compliance to traditional fecal examination techniques in the general population and medical personnel, immunodiagnosis is expected. This study evaluated, in parallel, the performance of four immunodiagnostic kits detecting Clonorchiasis in China. A bank with 475 sera was established in this study. Except for the low performance of the kit detecting IgM, the other three kits detecting IgG showed sensitivities ranging from 81.51% (194/238) to 99.16% (236/238). Higher sensitivity was presented in heavy infection intensity [89.47% (68/76) to 100% (76/76)]. Among the four kits, the overall specificity varied from 73.42% (174/237) to 87.34% (207/237). It was observed that the specificity was lower in the sera of the participants living in Clonorchiasis-endemic areas but without any parasite infection [67.5% (81/120) to 90% (108/120)], as compared to those from the non-endemic area [94% (47/50) to 98% (49/50)]. The cross-reaction rate varied from 14.93% (10/67) to 31.34% (21/67). Youden’s index was -0.022, 0.689, 0.726, and 0.802 for kits T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Repeatability was high in all four kits. Three immunodiagnosis kits targeting IgG antibody had high performance on detecting chronic Clonorchis sinensis infection, but that detecting IgM antibody had not. The kits detecting IgG antibody also showed high sensitivity in heavy infection intensity. Research on immunological diagnosis of Clonorchiasis is expected to be strengthened to improve the sensitivity in light infection and specificity.

  • Performance evaluation of existing immunoassays for Clonorchis sinensis infection in China
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Men-bao Qian, Yi-chao Yang, Zhi-hua Jiang, Ying-dan Chen, Jiaxu Chen, Kang Wei, Junhu Chen, Xiaonong Zhou
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Clonorchiasis ranks among the most important food-borne parasitic diseases in China. However, due to low compliance to traditional fecal examination techniques in the general population and medical personnel, immunodiagnosis is expected. This study evaluated, in parallel, the performance of four immunodiagnostic kits detecting Clonorchiasis in China. Results A bank with 475 sera was established in this study. Except for the low performance of the kit detecting IgM, the other three kits detecting IgG showed sensitivities ranging from 81.51% (194/238) to 99.16% (236/238). Higher sensitivity was presented in heavy infection intensity [89.47% (68/76) to 100% (76/76)]. Among the four kits, the overall specificity varied from 73.42% (174/237) to 87.34% (207/237). It was observed that the specificity was lower in the sera of the participants living in Clonorchiasis-endemic areas but without any parasite infection [67.5% (81/120) to 90% (108/120)], as compared to those from the non-endemic area [94% (47/50) to 98% (49/50)]. The cross-reaction rate varied from 14.93% (10/67) to 31.34% (21/67). Youden’s index was -0.022, 0.689, 0.726, and 0.802 for kits T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Repeatability was high in all four kits. Conclusions Three immunodiagnosis kits targeting IgG antibody had high performance on detecting chronic Clonorchis sinensis infection, but that detecting IgM antibody had not. The kits detecting IgG antibody also showed high sensitivity in heavy infection intensity. Research on immunological diagnosis of Clonorchiasis is expected to be strengthened to improve the sensitivity in light infection and specificity

  • Additional file 1: Table S1. of Performance evaluation of existing immunoassays for Clonorchis sinensis infection in China
    2018
    Co-Authors: Men-bao Qian, Yi-chao Yang, Zhi-hua Jiang, Ying-dan Chen, Jiaxu Chen, Kang Wei, Junhu Chen, Xiaonong Zhou
    Abstract:

    Specificity of four immunodiagnostic kits for Clonorchiasis in China. (DOCX 33 kb

  • Posterior summaries (median and 95% Bayesian credible intervals) of the geostatistical model parameters for Clonorchiasis in P.R. China.
    2017
    Co-Authors: Ying-si Lai, Xiaonong Zhou, Jürg Utzinger, Zhi-heng Pan, Penelope Vounatsou
    Abstract:

    Posterior summaries (median and 95% Bayesian credible intervals) of the geostatistical model parameters for Clonorchiasis in P.R. China.

Yan Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • current status and perspectives of clonorchis sinensis and Clonorchiasis epidemiology pathogenesis omics prevention and control
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2016
    Co-Authors: Zeli Tang, Yan Huang
    Abstract:

    Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C. sinensis infection, and over 15 million are infected worldwide. C. sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases; thus, Clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, disease burden and treatment of Clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C. sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against Clonorchiasis. Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of Clonorchiasis and the genome, transcriptome and secretome of C. sinensis are collected, thus providing perspectives for future studies. These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of Clonorchiasis.

  • oral delivery of bacillus subtilis spore expressing enolase of clonorchis sinensis in rat model induce systemic and local mucosal immune responses and has no side effect on liver function
    Parasitology Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Tingjin Chen, Mei Shang, Pei Liang, Zeli Tang, Mengchen Shi, Lina Zhou, Zhizhi Xie, Qiang Mao, Dan Ning, Yan Huang
    Abstract:

    Caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, human Clonorchiasis remains a major public health problem in China. In previous study, we had expressed enolase from C. sinensis (CsENO) on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore and the recombinant spore induced a pronounced protection in terms of reduced worm burden and eggs per gram feces, suggesting B. subtilis spore as an ideal vehicle for antigen delivery by oral treatment and CsENO as a promising vaccine candidate against Clonorchiasis. In the current study, we detected CsENO-specific IgG and IgA levels both in serum and in intestinal mucus from rats orally administrated with B. subtilis spore surface expressing CsENO by ELISA. Lysozyme levels in serum and in intestinal mucus were analyzed too. In addition, IgA-secreting cells in intestine epithelium of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The intestinal villi lengths of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also measured. Rats orally treated with B. subtilis spore or normal saline were used as controls. Our results showed that, compared with the control groups, oral administration of B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO induced both systemic and local mucosal immune response. The recombinant spores also enhanced non-specific immune response in rats. The spores had no side effect on liver function. Moreover, it might facilitate food utilization and digestion of the rats. Our work will pave the way to clarify the involved mechanisms of protective efficacy elicited by B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO and encourage us to carry out more assessment trails of the oral treated spore to develop vaccine against Clonorchiasis.

  • proteomic analysis of excretory secretory products from clonorchis sinensis adult worms molecular characterization and serological reactivity of a excretory secretory antigen fructose 1 6 bisphosphatase
    Parasitology Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Minghui Zheng, Yan Huang, Wei Liu, Lisi Huang, Peng Wang, Chi Liang, Xingfeng Yin
    Abstract:

    Clonorchis sinensis is a food-borne zoonotic parasite that resides in bile ducts and causes Clonorchiasis, which may result in cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, hepatic fibrosis, and liver tumors. Although total excretory secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis adults induce hepatic fibrosis in vivo in rats, the causative mechanism is not well understood. To study components of the ESP, C. sinensis culture medium was collected and analyzed using shotgun LC–MS/MS. We identified a total of 110 proteins, including glycometabolic enzymes (such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and enolase), detoxification enzymes (such as glutamate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and cathepsin B endopeptidase), and a number of RAB family proteins. To identify a potential causative agent for hepatic fibrosis, we expressed and purified a recombinant FBPase, a 1,041-bp gene product that encodes a 41.7-kDa protein with prototypical FBPase domains and that can form a tetramer with a molecular mass of 166.8 kDa. In addition, we found that FBPase is an antigen present in the ESP and in circulation. Immunofluorescence showed that FBPase localizes to the intestinal cecum and vitellarium in C. sinensis adults. Our results describe the components of the excretory secretory products from C. sinensis adult worms and suggest that FBPase may be an important antigen present in the ESP of C. sinensis and may lay the foundation for additional studies on the development of Clonorchiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis.

  • oral administration of a bacillus subtilis spore based vaccine expressing clonorchis sinensis tegumental protein 22 3 kda confers protection against clonorchis sinensis
    Vaccine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Zhenwen Zhou, Yan Huang, Huimin Xia, Xiaoxiang Chen
    Abstract:

    Summary Human Clonorchiasis, caused by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis, is endemic in China. In this study, a full-length cDNA sequence encoding C. sinensis tegumental protein 22.3 kDa (CsTP22.3) was identified from adult cDNA library. Recombinant CsTP22.3 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli BL21. CsTP22.3 was immunolocalized at the tegument of adult C. sinensis by using anti-recombinant CsTP22.3 sera. ELISA was performed using rCsTP22.3 protein to investigate the IgG response to CsTP22.3. Sera from Clonorchiasis patients had clear IgG response to CsTP22.3. We used the CotC, a major component of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat, as a fusion partner for the expression of C. sinensis TP22.3 on the spore coat. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to identify TP22.3 surface expression on spores. Recombinant spores displaying the TP22.3 antigen were used for oral immunization and were shown to generate mucosal response in rats. TP22.3-specific secretory IgA in faeces reached significant levels 2 weeks after oral dosing. In addition, the recombinant spores induced a significant level of protection (44.7%, p