The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M. M. Amer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stability-indicating method for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium-I. Via its final degradation products.
Talanta, 1992Co-Authors: M. G. El-bardicy, L.i. Bebawy, M. M. AmerAbstract:Abstract A sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is described for the determination of 1,4-benzodiazepine (Clorazepate dipotassium) in the presence of its degradation products. The procedure is based on acid hydrolysis of Clorazepate dipotassium to yield its final degradation products viz., 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and glycine. The amino-chlorobenzophrenone is extracted from the neutralized hydrolysate with diethyl ether, the extract is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in methanol and its absorbance measured at about 240 nm or 380 nm. Glycine, left in the aqueous layer after etherial extraction of aminochlorobenzophenone, is treated with ninhydrin reagent in the presence of pyridine and the bluish violet colour formed is measured at about 560 nm. The suggested procedures determine 20–100 mg of Clorazepate dipotassium via its degradation products aminochlorobenzophenone and glycine with mean accuracies of 100.0 ± 0.5% at 560 nm, 100.2 ± 0.6% at 380 nm and 99.8 ± 0.5%. The suggested procedures are suitable for stability-testing of Clorazepate dipotassium in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Stability-indicating method for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium-II. Via N-desmethyldiazepam and determination of its degradation products.
Talanta, 1992Co-Authors: M. G. El-bardicy, L.i. Bebawy, M. M. AmerAbstract:Abstract A spectrophotometric method for the determination of the intact Clorazepate dipotassium in the presence of its degradation products is developed. It depends upon preliminary hydrolysis of Clorazepate dipotassium—thus liberating its equivalent of N -desmethyldiazepam which is extracted, with benzene-methylene chloride (9:1). The extract is evaporated, the residue dissolved in methanol and its absorbance measured at about 315 nm. The procedure determines 0.4–1.6 mg of Clorazepate dipotassium with an accuracy of 100.2±0.7%. The procedure is applied successfully for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium in bulk powder and in capsules; retaining its accuracy in the presence of up to 80% degradation. Determination of the different degradation products is also possible. Thus, N -desmethyl diazepam is determined after preliminary extraction with benzene-methylene chloride mixture, followed by TLC separation, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone by directly applying the first derivative spectrophotometric technique, and glycine in the aqueous layer determined colorimetrically with ninhydrin reagent in the presence of pyridine.
Markus C. Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation in elderly patients: bromazepam or Clorazepate‐dipotassium?
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998Co-Authors: Erb, M. Sluga, Karl F. Hampl, Wolfgang Ummenhofer, Markus C. SchneiderAbstract:Background: In elderly patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery the loss of co-operation due to over-sedation, induced by drugs given preoperatively, may jeopardise the success of microsurgery performed under regional anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the psychotropic effects of bromazepam and Clorazepate-dipotassium, two benzodiazepines with predominantly anxiolytic and only weak sedative action. Methods: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to include 60 patients, ASA physical status II-III, older than 60 years scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under regional anaesthesia. The patients were randomised to receive either bromazepam (3 mg) or Clorazepate-dipotassium (20 mg) or placebo. The study drugs were given at 10 p.m. the night before surgery and 90 min before surgery. Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the patient's anxiety was assessed at the end of the preoperative visit, on the next morning before the study drug was given and on arrival at the operating theatre. Results: Bromazepam induced a marked anxiolytic effect as documented by a significant reduction in the STAI State values after both applications (P0.01). Clorazepate did not differ from placebo at any evaluation time with regard to the STAI and haemodynamic values. Sedative effects and oxygen saturation (SpOz) were comparable in all groups. Conclusion: Bromazepam is superior to Clorazepate in its anxiolytic action and suitable as preoperative medication in the elderly patient because of lack of overt sedative effects.
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preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation in elderly patients bromazepam or Clorazepate dipotassium
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998Co-Authors: T Erb, M. Sluga, Karl F. Hampl, Wolfgang Ummenhofer, Markus C. SchneiderAbstract:Background: In elderly patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery the loss of co-operation due to over-sedation, induced by drugs given preoperatively, may jeopardise the success of microsurgery performed under regional anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the psychotropic effects of bromazepam and Clorazepate-dipotassium, two benzodiazepines with predominantly anxiolytic and only weak sedative action. Methods: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to include 60 patients, ASA physical status II-III, older than 60 years scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under regional anaesthesia. The patients were randomised to receive either bromazepam (3 mg) or Clorazepate-dipotassium (20 mg) or placebo. The study drugs were given at 10 p.m. the night before surgery and 90 min before surgery. Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the patient's anxiety was assessed at the end of the preoperative visit, on the next morning before the study drug was given and on arrival at the operating theatre. Results: Bromazepam induced a marked anxiolytic effect as documented by a significant reduction in the STAI State values after both applications (P0.01). Clorazepate did not differ from placebo at any evaluation time with regard to the STAI and haemodynamic values. Sedative effects and oxygen saturation (SpOz) were comparable in all groups. Conclusion: Bromazepam is superior to Clorazepate in its anxiolytic action and suitable as preoperative medication in the elderly patient because of lack of overt sedative effects.
Yechiel A. Hekster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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magnetic resonance imaging in patients with claustrophobia results of treatment with intramuscular Clorazepate
European Radiology, 1993Co-Authors: P E J M Sallevelt, Jelle O. Barentsz, Yechiel A. HeksterAbstract:Between July 1991 and April 1992 1125 patients were examined with MRI, 34 (3%) of whom were treated with 50 mg Clorazepate intramuscularly because of severe claustrophobia. The examination was successfully completed in 31 patients (91%). Only minor side effects were observed. Clorazepate suppresses the symptoms of claustrophobia, allowing the MRI examination to proceed.
M. G. El-bardicy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stability-indicating method for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium-I. Via its final degradation products.
Talanta, 1992Co-Authors: M. G. El-bardicy, L.i. Bebawy, M. M. AmerAbstract:Abstract A sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is described for the determination of 1,4-benzodiazepine (Clorazepate dipotassium) in the presence of its degradation products. The procedure is based on acid hydrolysis of Clorazepate dipotassium to yield its final degradation products viz., 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and glycine. The amino-chlorobenzophrenone is extracted from the neutralized hydrolysate with diethyl ether, the extract is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in methanol and its absorbance measured at about 240 nm or 380 nm. Glycine, left in the aqueous layer after etherial extraction of aminochlorobenzophenone, is treated with ninhydrin reagent in the presence of pyridine and the bluish violet colour formed is measured at about 560 nm. The suggested procedures determine 20–100 mg of Clorazepate dipotassium via its degradation products aminochlorobenzophenone and glycine with mean accuracies of 100.0 ± 0.5% at 560 nm, 100.2 ± 0.6% at 380 nm and 99.8 ± 0.5%. The suggested procedures are suitable for stability-testing of Clorazepate dipotassium in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Stability-indicating method for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium-II. Via N-desmethyldiazepam and determination of its degradation products.
Talanta, 1992Co-Authors: M. G. El-bardicy, L.i. Bebawy, M. M. AmerAbstract:Abstract A spectrophotometric method for the determination of the intact Clorazepate dipotassium in the presence of its degradation products is developed. It depends upon preliminary hydrolysis of Clorazepate dipotassium—thus liberating its equivalent of N -desmethyldiazepam which is extracted, with benzene-methylene chloride (9:1). The extract is evaporated, the residue dissolved in methanol and its absorbance measured at about 315 nm. The procedure determines 0.4–1.6 mg of Clorazepate dipotassium with an accuracy of 100.2±0.7%. The procedure is applied successfully for the determination of Clorazepate dipotassium in bulk powder and in capsules; retaining its accuracy in the presence of up to 80% degradation. Determination of the different degradation products is also possible. Thus, N -desmethyl diazepam is determined after preliminary extraction with benzene-methylene chloride mixture, followed by TLC separation, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone by directly applying the first derivative spectrophotometric technique, and glycine in the aqueous layer determined colorimetrically with ninhydrin reagent in the presence of pyridine.
P E J M Sallevelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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magnetic resonance imaging in patients with claustrophobia results of treatment with intramuscular Clorazepate
European Radiology, 1993Co-Authors: P E J M Sallevelt, Jelle O. Barentsz, Yechiel A. HeksterAbstract:Between July 1991 and April 1992 1125 patients were examined with MRI, 34 (3%) of whom were treated with 50 mg Clorazepate intramuscularly because of severe claustrophobia. The examination was successfully completed in 31 patients (91%). Only minor side effects were observed. Clorazepate suppresses the symptoms of claustrophobia, allowing the MRI examination to proceed.