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Matthew Potoski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • who governs the globe the international organization for standardization as a global governor a Club Theory perspective
    2010
    Co-Authors: Aseem Prakash, Matthew Potoski
    Abstract:

    This chapter examines the emergence of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as global governor in the area of international product and management systems standardization. We outline a novel theoretical approach rooted in the Theory of Clubs (Buchanan 1965; Cornes and Sandler 1996; Prakash and Potoski 2006b) that analytically connects actors (governors) with institutions (governance systems). Unlike much of the regime literature, which tends to focus on governance systems established to mitigate international governance failures, this volume focuses on actors who establish, monitor, and enforce these rules. After all, given the lack of a global sovereign, it is not clear which actors govern at the international level, how, and with what consequences. As the introductory chapter notes, scholars often discuss global governance issues in passive voice, treating governance as a structure or a process. These discussions are not sufficiently agentic in that it is not clear how and why specific actors are involved in the unfolding of governance processes and the establishment, monitoring, and enforcement of governance systems. Both governments and nongovernmental actors supply governance systems. While we illustrate our Club Theory approach in the context of a nongovernmental governor – the International Organization for Standardization and a specific governance system it has created, ISO 14001 – our perspective is sufficiently general to be employed to study intergovernmental as well as hybrid governors – an important issue given that we seldom find policy monopolies in policy domains.

  • voluntary programs a Club Theory perspective
    2009
    Co-Authors: Matthew Potoski, Aseem Prakash
    Abstract:

    The recent growth of voluntary programs has attracted the attention of policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and scholars. Thousands of firms around the world participate in these programs, in which members agree to undertake socially beneficial actions that go beyond the requirements of government regulations, such as following labor codes in the apparel industry, adhering to international accounting standards, and adopting internal environmental management systems. This book analyzes the efficacy of a variety of voluntary programs using a Club Theory, political-economy framework. It examines how programs' design influences their effectiveness as policy tools. It finds that voluntary programs have achieved uneven success because of their varying standards and enforcement procedures.The Club Theory framework views voluntary programs as institutions that create incentives for firms to incur the costs of taking progressive action beyond what is required by law in exchange for benefits that nonmembers do not enjoy (such as enhanced standing with stakeholders). Voluntary Programs develops this theoretical framework and applies it to voluntary programs sponsored by industry associations, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, organized around policy issues such as "blood diamonds," shipping, sweatshops, and the environment. The wide diversity of cases--across sectors, sponsoring organizations, and objectives--provides valuable applications of the Club framework, generates new insights for future research, and offers practical guidance for designing effective programs. Contributors: David P. Baron, Tim Bartley, Tim Buthe, Cary Coglianese, Elizabeth R. DeSombre, Daniel W. Drezner, Daniel Fiorino, Mary Kay Gugerty, Virginia Haufler, Matthew J. Kotchen, Mimi Lu, Jennifer Nash, Matthew Potoski, Aseem Prakash, Klaas van 't Veld

  • collective action through voluntary environmental programs a Club Theory perspective
    Policy Studies Journal, 2007
    Co-Authors: Aseem Prakash, Matthew Potoski
    Abstract:

    Voluntary environmental programs are institutions that seek to induce firms to produce positive environmental externalities beyond what government regulations require. Drawing on Club Theory, this paper outlines a theoretical perspective to study the relationship between program design and program effectiveness. Effective programs have rule structures that mitigate two central collective action problems inherent in producing positive environmental externalities: attracting firms to participate in the program and ensuring that participating firms adhere to program obligations. Because program efficacy can be undermined by collective action problems associated with free riding and shirking, effective voluntary Clubs should be designed to mitigate these challenges.

Aseem Prakash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • who governs the globe the international organization for standardization as a global governor a Club Theory perspective
    2010
    Co-Authors: Aseem Prakash, Matthew Potoski
    Abstract:

    This chapter examines the emergence of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as global governor in the area of international product and management systems standardization. We outline a novel theoretical approach rooted in the Theory of Clubs (Buchanan 1965; Cornes and Sandler 1996; Prakash and Potoski 2006b) that analytically connects actors (governors) with institutions (governance systems). Unlike much of the regime literature, which tends to focus on governance systems established to mitigate international governance failures, this volume focuses on actors who establish, monitor, and enforce these rules. After all, given the lack of a global sovereign, it is not clear which actors govern at the international level, how, and with what consequences. As the introductory chapter notes, scholars often discuss global governance issues in passive voice, treating governance as a structure or a process. These discussions are not sufficiently agentic in that it is not clear how and why specific actors are involved in the unfolding of governance processes and the establishment, monitoring, and enforcement of governance systems. Both governments and nongovernmental actors supply governance systems. While we illustrate our Club Theory approach in the context of a nongovernmental governor – the International Organization for Standardization and a specific governance system it has created, ISO 14001 – our perspective is sufficiently general to be employed to study intergovernmental as well as hybrid governors – an important issue given that we seldom find policy monopolies in policy domains.

  • voluntary programs a Club Theory perspective
    2009
    Co-Authors: Matthew Potoski, Aseem Prakash
    Abstract:

    The recent growth of voluntary programs has attracted the attention of policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, and scholars. Thousands of firms around the world participate in these programs, in which members agree to undertake socially beneficial actions that go beyond the requirements of government regulations, such as following labor codes in the apparel industry, adhering to international accounting standards, and adopting internal environmental management systems. This book analyzes the efficacy of a variety of voluntary programs using a Club Theory, political-economy framework. It examines how programs' design influences their effectiveness as policy tools. It finds that voluntary programs have achieved uneven success because of their varying standards and enforcement procedures.The Club Theory framework views voluntary programs as institutions that create incentives for firms to incur the costs of taking progressive action beyond what is required by law in exchange for benefits that nonmembers do not enjoy (such as enhanced standing with stakeholders). Voluntary Programs develops this theoretical framework and applies it to voluntary programs sponsored by industry associations, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, organized around policy issues such as "blood diamonds," shipping, sweatshops, and the environment. The wide diversity of cases--across sectors, sponsoring organizations, and objectives--provides valuable applications of the Club framework, generates new insights for future research, and offers practical guidance for designing effective programs. Contributors: David P. Baron, Tim Bartley, Tim Buthe, Cary Coglianese, Elizabeth R. DeSombre, Daniel W. Drezner, Daniel Fiorino, Mary Kay Gugerty, Virginia Haufler, Matthew J. Kotchen, Mimi Lu, Jennifer Nash, Matthew Potoski, Aseem Prakash, Klaas van 't Veld

  • collective action through voluntary environmental programs a Club Theory perspective
    Policy Studies Journal, 2007
    Co-Authors: Aseem Prakash, Matthew Potoski
    Abstract:

    Voluntary environmental programs are institutions that seek to induce firms to produce positive environmental externalities beyond what government regulations require. Drawing on Club Theory, this paper outlines a theoretical perspective to study the relationship between program design and program effectiveness. Effective programs have rule structures that mitigate two central collective action problems inherent in producing positive environmental externalities: attracting firms to participate in the program and ensuring that participating firms adhere to program obligations. Because program efficacy can be undermined by collective action problems associated with free riding and shirking, effective voluntary Clubs should be designed to mitigate these challenges.

  • ems based environmental regimes as Club goods examining variations in firm level adoption of iso 14001 and emas in u k u s and germany
    2002
    Co-Authors: Kelly Kollman, Aseem Prakash
    Abstract:

    This paper examines variations in firm-level adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) – ISO 14001 and the European Union's Eco-Audit and Management Scheme (EMAS) – in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. Drawing on insights from Club Theory, institutional Theory, and stakeholder Theory, it argues that despite the fact that these EMS are created by supranational organizations (one regional and one international), firms' perceptions of their costs and benefits are largely determined by domestic factors. In particular, these perceptions are shaped by how EMS are promoted and information about them is disseminated in each country (supply aspects) and how the constellation of stakeholders (suppliers, environmental groups, regulators, general public) support their introduction (demand aspects). The paper concludes that there are numerous ways governments and interested stakeholders can encourage companies to adopt voluntary environmental codes. The key is to find the right mix of incentives for specific national contexts.

Ellie Rennie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Prometheus, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    AbstractA new economic model for the analysis of scholarly publishing – journal publishing in particular – is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In this model, publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense, a journal is a Club. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities of a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against the negative externalities of crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a knowledge Club is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and fin...

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Social Science Research Network, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    A new economic model for analysis of scholarly publishing — journal publishing in particular — is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In that model publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense ‘a journal is a Club’. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities due to a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against negative externalities due to crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a ‘knowledge Club’ is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and financial models that might be developed to support them.

Jason Potts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Prometheus, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    AbstractA new economic model for the analysis of scholarly publishing – journal publishing in particular – is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In this model, publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense, a journal is a Club. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities of a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against the negative externalities of crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a knowledge Club is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and fin...

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Social Science Research Network, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    A new economic model for analysis of scholarly publishing — journal publishing in particular — is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In that model publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense ‘a journal is a Club’. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities due to a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against negative externalities due to crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a ‘knowledge Club’ is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and financial models that might be developed to support them.

John Hartley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Prometheus, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    AbstractA new economic model for the analysis of scholarly publishing – journal publishing in particular – is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In this model, publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense, a journal is a Club. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities of a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against the negative externalities of crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a knowledge Club is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and fin...

  • a journal is a Club a new economic model for scholarly publishing
    Social Science Research Network, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jason Potts, John Hartley, Lucy Montgomery, Cameron Neylon, Ellie Rennie
    Abstract:

    A new economic model for analysis of scholarly publishing — journal publishing in particular — is proposed that draws on Club Theory. The standard approach builds on market failure in the private production (by research scholars) of a public good (new scholarly knowledge). In that model publishing is communication, as the dissemination of information. But a Club model views publishing differently: namely as group formation, where members form groups in order to confer externalities on each other, subject to congestion. A journal is a self-constituted group, endeavouring to create new knowledge. In this sense ‘a journal is a Club’. The knowledge Club model of a journal seeks to balance the positive externalities due to a shared resource (readers, citations, referees) against negative externalities due to crowding (decreased prospect of publishing in that journal). A new economic model of a journal as a ‘knowledge Club’ is elaborated. We suggest some consequences for the management of journals and financial models that might be developed to support them.