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Gordon R. Munro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • approaches to the economics of the management of high seas fishery resources a summary
    Canadian Journal of Economics, 1996
    Co-Authors: Gordon R. Munro
    Abstract:

    There are many factors which have contributed to the fishery resourc,e management catastrophe off Atlantic Canada. One, which has been given considerable publicity, is the fact that major groundfish stocks off Atlantic Canada extend beyond the boundary of Canada's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) into the remaining high seas, where they are subject to exploitation by fleets of distant water fishing nations. Such exploitation occurs in particular in two segments of the famous Grand Bank which are outside of Canada's jurisdiction, one of which is to be found in the eastern portion of the Grand Bank, and the second in the southern, and which are popularly referred to as the Nose and Tail of the Bank, respectively. Canada has complained bitterly that distant water fleets have seriously overexploited groundfish stocks in the Nose and Tail of the Bank to Canada's great detriment. Fishery resources which are to be found in both the Coastal State EEZ and the adjacent high seas are now commonly referred to as "straddling" fish stocks. The management of such stocks has emerged as a major international renewable resource management problem within the last few years. The difficulty which Canada has encountered with such stocks off her Atlantic coast is but one example of the problem. Many other examples are to be found throughout the world (F.A.O. of the U.N. 1993). So serious has the problem become that the U.N. has convened a major intergovernmental conference to address the issue, the U.N. Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, hereafter referred to as the U.N. Fish Conference. Let it also be noted in passing that when one talks about the management of high seas fishery resources, the real issue at stake is the management of "straddling" fish stocks or the equivalent thereof.1 Fishery resources wholly confined to the high seas are of little interest.

  • the economic management of high seas fishery resources some game theoretic aspects
    1995
    Co-Authors: Veijo Kaitala, Gordon R. Munro
    Abstract:

    At the urging of the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, the United Nations announced in December 1992 the establishment of an intergovernmental U.N. Conference on Highly Migratory and Straddling Stocks, which was scheduled to hold its first full session in July 1993. The conference is to address a critical issue in the management of transboundary fishery resources, namely the management of fishery resources to be found both within the Coastal State 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the adjacent high seas. At the close of the U.N. Third Conference on the Law of the Sea in December 1982, the issue had appeared to be of minor importance. One decade later, the issue had come to be seen as a threat to the New Law of the Sea itself (Kaitala and Munro 1993).

  • The Management of Transboundary Fishery Resources: A Theoretical Overview
    Essays on the Economics of Migratory Fish Stocks, 1991
    Co-Authors: Gordon R. Munro
    Abstract:

    One of the more important resource management issues arising from the implementation of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction (EFJ) is the management of transboundary, or shared, fishery resources. While the issue of transboundary fishery resources had, of course, existed before EFJ, there is no question that EFJ, resulting in the almost worldwide establishment of the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), greatly magnified the issue. The EEZs collectively encompass fishery resources accounting for in excess of 90 percent of the world harvest of fish. In light of the mobility of finfish, at least, it is not surprising that many of the fish, thus encompassed, are found to move from one neighbouring EEZ to another, or to move between the Coastal State EEZ and the remaining high seas, or both. Transboundary fishery resources are now ubiquitous.

Mark Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the coastview project developing video derived Coastal State indicators in support of Coastal zone management
    Coastal Engineering, 2007
    Co-Authors: Mark Davidson, Raul Medina, Aart Kroon, Mark Van Koningsveld, Arno De Kruif, Jane Rawson, R A Holman, Alberto Lamberti, S G J Aarninkhof
    Abstract:

    Abstract This contribution outlines the philosophy and procedures adopted in a major European research project focused on the development of video systems in support of Coastal zone management. The CoastView project has developed video-derived Coastal State Indicators (CSIs) that directly facilitate management decisions. Coastal State Indicators are defined here as, “A reduced set of issue-related parameters that can simply, adequately and quantitatively describe the dynamic-State and evolutionary trends of a Coastal system”. The process of defining useful CSIs involves close interaction between Coastal managers, scientists and policy makers. Even with frequent formal discussions and colloquia between these parties the process of defining useful indicators frequently fails. An approach [Van Koningsveld, M., 2003. Matching specialist knowledge with end-user needs. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 173 p.] is described in this paper which guarantees the effectiveness of the resulting CSIs, and enhances the communication process between scientist and Coastal managers. Some practical examples of the frame of reference are given by way of illustration and a detailed description is given of the procedure adopted within the CoastView project for defining and evaluating CSIs. The philosophies and methodologies used during the three year CoastView project have proved successful and provide a valuable template on which to base future research projects focussing on end-user oriented research.

  • matching science with Coastal management needs the search for appropriate Coastal State indicators
    Journal of Coastal Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mark Van Koningsveld, Mark Davidson, D A Huntley
    Abstract:

    Abstract Through an analysis of the interaction between end users and researchers participating in the European Union–funded CoastView project (EVK3-CT-2001-0054), this article illustrates some of the difficulties associated with end user–oriented research. A way of structuring and focusing discussion between end users and researchers, which was applied and further developed during the course of the project, is suggested as a method to deal with these difficulties. The analysis in this article indicates that successful specialist support of decision making is related to the use of a systematic “frame of reference.” This involves explicit definitions of both strategic and operational objectives applied in a four-step decision recipe consisting of (1) a quantitative State concept, (2) a benchmarking procedure, (3) a design procedure for measures or interventions, and (4) an evaluation procedure.

  • developing Coastal video monitoring systems in support of Coastal zone management
    2004
    Co-Authors: Mark Davidson, Mark Van Koningsveld, R A Holman
    Abstract:

    DAVIDSON, M. A.; AARNINKHOF, S.G.J.; VAN KONINGSVELD M., and HOLMAN, R.A., 2003 Developing Coastal Video Monitoring Systems In Support of Coastal Zone Management. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39 (Proceedings of the 8th International Coastal Symposium), pg – pg. Itajai, SC – Brazil, ISSN 0749-0208 This paper examines the potential of Coastal video systems as a tool to aid effective Coastal zone management. The results presented in this contribution are derived from a large-scale international European research programme, the CoastView project. This research focuses on the derivation of simple parameters or ‘Coastal State indicators’ from oblique video images, which can assist in monitoring and managing the Coastal environment. Coastal State indicators (CSIs) can be defined as: “A reduced set of issue-related parameters that can simply, adequately and quantitatively describe the dynamic-State and evolutionary trends of a Coastal system”. A consortium of scientists and national-scale Coastal zone managers were formed in order to define a set of CSIs that were clearly aligned with specific Coastal management problems. It is shown that potentially CSIs can have a positive impact on management areas such as Coastal protection, navigation, recreation and ecosystem protection. Video stations were installed at four morphologically dissimilar field sites, each with their own set of Coastal management problems. These sites were used to ground truth and test the utility of video-derived CSIs for Coastal zone management. A methodology is presented for clearly associating CSIs with strategic management objectives, setting clear benchmarks beyond which action is required and providing an assessment stage that appraises the result of the action taken. An example case study is presented illustrating how video-derived CSIs can potentially satisfy the strategic objectives set by Coastal managers. The example presented here shows how video-derived estimates of the Momentary Coastline (MCL) position can be used to provide cost-effective estimates of shoreline change with higher temporal and spatial resolution than existing survey methods.

Nilsarne Ekerhovdn A Ekerhovd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the stability and resilience of management agreements on climate sensitive straddling fishery resources the blue whiting micromesistius poutassou Coastal State agreement
    Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nilsarne Ekerhovdn A Ekerhovd
    Abstract:

    How would the formation, stability, and success of an agreement on cooperative management between neighbouring Coastal States for a climate-sensitive fishery resource be affected by changes in the distribution and accessibility of the resource within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs)? In scenario 1, the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) is harvestable in the EEZs of Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the European Union (EU), as well as in the international waters of the Northeast Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea. The Barents Sea is a fringe area for the species, and there are no fisheries for blue whiting there. Hence, Russia is not regarded as a Coastal State with respect to the blue whiting fishery. This severely weakens the stability of the Coastal State agreement. In scenario 2, the area of distribution of the harvestable stock expands into the Russian EEZ, giving it status as a Coastal State with respect to the resource and, thus, a partner in the management agreement. This secures the coa...

R A Holman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the coastview project developing video derived Coastal State indicators in support of Coastal zone management
    Coastal Engineering, 2007
    Co-Authors: Mark Davidson, Raul Medina, Aart Kroon, Mark Van Koningsveld, Arno De Kruif, Jane Rawson, R A Holman, Alberto Lamberti, S G J Aarninkhof
    Abstract:

    Abstract This contribution outlines the philosophy and procedures adopted in a major European research project focused on the development of video systems in support of Coastal zone management. The CoastView project has developed video-derived Coastal State Indicators (CSIs) that directly facilitate management decisions. Coastal State Indicators are defined here as, “A reduced set of issue-related parameters that can simply, adequately and quantitatively describe the dynamic-State and evolutionary trends of a Coastal system”. The process of defining useful CSIs involves close interaction between Coastal managers, scientists and policy makers. Even with frequent formal discussions and colloquia between these parties the process of defining useful indicators frequently fails. An approach [Van Koningsveld, M., 2003. Matching specialist knowledge with end-user needs. PhD Thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 173 p.] is described in this paper which guarantees the effectiveness of the resulting CSIs, and enhances the communication process between scientist and Coastal managers. Some practical examples of the frame of reference are given by way of illustration and a detailed description is given of the procedure adopted within the CoastView project for defining and evaluating CSIs. The philosophies and methodologies used during the three year CoastView project have proved successful and provide a valuable template on which to base future research projects focussing on end-user oriented research.

  • developing Coastal video monitoring systems in support of Coastal zone management
    2004
    Co-Authors: Mark Davidson, Mark Van Koningsveld, R A Holman
    Abstract:

    DAVIDSON, M. A.; AARNINKHOF, S.G.J.; VAN KONINGSVELD M., and HOLMAN, R.A., 2003 Developing Coastal Video Monitoring Systems In Support of Coastal Zone Management. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39 (Proceedings of the 8th International Coastal Symposium), pg – pg. Itajai, SC – Brazil, ISSN 0749-0208 This paper examines the potential of Coastal video systems as a tool to aid effective Coastal zone management. The results presented in this contribution are derived from a large-scale international European research programme, the CoastView project. This research focuses on the derivation of simple parameters or ‘Coastal State indicators’ from oblique video images, which can assist in monitoring and managing the Coastal environment. Coastal State indicators (CSIs) can be defined as: “A reduced set of issue-related parameters that can simply, adequately and quantitatively describe the dynamic-State and evolutionary trends of a Coastal system”. A consortium of scientists and national-scale Coastal zone managers were formed in order to define a set of CSIs that were clearly aligned with specific Coastal management problems. It is shown that potentially CSIs can have a positive impact on management areas such as Coastal protection, navigation, recreation and ecosystem protection. Video stations were installed at four morphologically dissimilar field sites, each with their own set of Coastal management problems. These sites were used to ground truth and test the utility of video-derived CSIs for Coastal zone management. A methodology is presented for clearly associating CSIs with strategic management objectives, setting clear benchmarks beyond which action is required and providing an assessment stage that appraises the result of the action taken. An example case study is presented illustrating how video-derived CSIs can potentially satisfy the strategic objectives set by Coastal managers. The example presented here shows how video-derived estimates of the Momentary Coastline (MCL) position can be used to provide cost-effective estimates of shoreline change with higher temporal and spatial resolution than existing survey methods.

Robert Beckman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chapter 12. Protecting Submarine Cables from Intentional Damage—The Security Gap
    Submarine Cables, 2014
    Co-Authors: Robert Beckman
    Abstract:

    This chapter examines the gaps and loopholes in the current legal regime governing the protection of submarine cables from terrorist attacks and other intentional acts that damage or destroy cables. It examines the incidents of intentional damage to submarine cables and discusses general principles of criminal jurisdiction, as many attacks against submarine cables will occur outside the territory of any State. The chapter explores the adequacy of the legal regime established in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and sets out recommendations on what steps can be taken to protect submarine cables from intentional damage. It also discusses recent developments and increasing recognition of the threat to submarine cables. Intentional acts of damage to submarine cables will occur either within areas under the territorial sovereignty of a Coastal State or in areas outside the territorial sovereignty of a Coastal State. Keywords: Coastal State; criminal jurisdiction; intentional damage; security gap; submarine cables; territorial sovereignty; UNCLOS

  • combatting piracy and armed robbery against ships in southeast asia the way forward
    Ocean Development and International Law, 2002
    Co-Authors: Robert Beckman
    Abstract:

    According to the Annual Reports of the International Maritime Bureau on Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships for calendar years 1998, 1999, and 2000, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters in Southeast Asia, especially in the Malacca Strait and in Indonesian waters. Very few of the incidents in Southeast Asia are "piracy" as defined in international law because they took place in waters under the sovereignty of a Coastal State. Nevertheless, many of the incidents posed serious threats to the safety of international maritime navigation. Some were offences under the 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Acts Against the Safety of International Maritime Navigation. Some were also major criminal hijacks involving international organized crime. There has been considerable action at both the global and regional levels to attempt to deal with this threat to the safety of international navigation. This article analyzes the repo...