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Fernandes, Flávio Lemes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perdas causadas por Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em mudas de Coffea arabica L.
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2009Co-Authors: Fernandes, Flávio Lemes, Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho, Fernandes, Maria Elisa, Galdino, Tarcísio Visintin, Tomaz, Adriano CirinoAbstract:Coccus viridis (Green) danifica plantas jovens e adultas de Coffea arabica Linnaeu. No entanto, nada se sabe sobre a magnitude dos danos causados por esta praga. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre o ataque de C. viridis e as perdas causadas por este inseto a C. arabica. Este trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas sementes da linhagem IAC 15 da variedade “Catuaí vermelho” de café (C. arabica). Para a confecção dos tratamentos esta praga foi criada em casa de vegetação separada do experimento. Os tratamentos foram: plantas infestadas e não infestadas por adultos e ninfas da cochonilha verde. As plantas foram nutridas com solução nutritiva. Durante 110 dias foram avaliados: números de adultos e de ninfas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstares, área foliar, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas em todas repetições. No final do experimento avaliou-se o peso das raízes, caule, folhas e total. Os pesos das raízes, matéria seca total, área foliar e diâmetro do caule de plantas não atacadas por C. viridis superaram em 1,31; 1,41; 1,50 e 8,93 vezes, respectivamente o peso de plantas atacadas. As variáveis selecionadas foram: diâmetro do caule (cm), área foliar (cm²), peso de raízes (g), ninfas, adultos e total das cochonilhas. Concluindo que a planta de C. arabica é afetada de forma diferente entre seus órgãos e que a ninfa de terceiro ínstar e adultos são as fases que mais causam danos a C. arabica. Losses Caused by Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Seedlings of Coffea arabica L. Abstract. Coccus viridis (Green) cause losses on seedling and old plants of Coffea arabica (Green). However, nothing is known about of the damages caused by this pest. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relations between atack of C. viridis and the losses caused by this insect. on C. arabica. This work was conduced in greenhouse at Federal University of Viçosa. Seed coffee plants line IAC 15, variety “Catuaí vermelho” (C. arabica) were used. The insects were reared into greenhouse and separated of the experiment. The treatments were: infested plants and no infested by adults and nymphs of the green scale. The plants were nourished with compound nutrient solutions. For 110 days evaluated: numbers of adults and nymphs of instar first, second and third, leaf area, diameter of stem and plant height in all repetition. At the end of the experiment were evaluated weights of root, stem, leave and total. The weight of root, total dry matter, leaf area and diameter of the stem at plants no attacked by C. viridis were 1.31, 1.41, 1.50 and 8.93 times more than weight attacked plants, respectively. The main variables were: diameter of the stem (cm), leaf area (cm²), weights of root (g), nymphs, adults and all cochineals. Also, parts of the plant (C. arabica) were damaged by nymphs (third) and adults of C. viridis
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Mortalidade de Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) por Lecanicillium spp. em diferentes órgãos de Coffea arabica.
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2009Co-Authors: Fernandes, Flávio Lemes, Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho, Fernandes, Maria Sena, Magalhâes, Sérgio Verçosa, Gontijo, Pablo Costa, Silva, Valkíria FabianaAbstract:Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a mortalidade de Coccus viridis por Lecanicillium spp. em folhas e ramos de Coffea arabica. O trabalho foi realizado na casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, entre fevereiro de 2005 a junho de 2006. Foram utilizadas sementes da variedade Catuaí vermelho de café (C. arabica). A solução nutritiva utilizada foi composta por 3,0 mmol/L de N, 9,0 mmol/L de K, 1,0 mmol/L de P, 4,0 mmol/L de Ca, 2,1 mmol/L de S, 46 µmol/L de B, 0,3 µmol/L de Cu, 60,0 µmol/L de Fe, 2,0 µmol/L de Mg, 0,5 µmol/L de Mo e 36,0 µmol/L de Mn. As cochonilhas e o fungo foram coletados de folhas de café em lavouras comerciais de Viçosa, MG e foram mantidos em gaiolas em Casa de Vegetação. As plantas foram infestadas com oito meses de idade. A infestação foi realizada por contato de C. viridis infectadas com o fungo sobre as cochonilhas sadias. As densidades de C. viridis viva e morta nas folhas e nos ramos foram avaliadas aos 0, 15, 30, 35, 45, 60 e 75 dias após a infestação. Usou-se análise de variância, teste de média de Skott-Knott e análise de regressão linear simples a p<0,05. O fungo Lecanicillium spp. causou mortalidade em todos os estádios de C. viridis. De forma geral, a maior mortalidade ocorreu no terceiro ínstar. Além disso, o fungo causou maior mortalidade nesse inseto praga na face abaxial da folha de café. Mortality of Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) by Lecanicillium spp. in differents Coffea arabica organs in greenhouse Abstract. The objective of this work was to evaluate the mortality of Coccus viridis by Lecanicillium spp. on faces of the leaves, and branches of Coffea arabica. This work was conducted in greenhouse at UFV. The experiment was carried out from February 2005 to June 2006. Seeds of the lineage IAC 15 from the variety “Catuaí Vermelho” coffee (C. arabica) were used. The nutritive solution utilized was composed for 3. 0 mmol/L of N, 9. 0 mmol/L of K, 1. 0 mmol/L of P, 4. 0 mmol/L of Ca, 2. 1 mmol/L of S, 46 µmol/L of B, 0. 3 µmol/L of Cu, 60. 0 µmol/L of Fe, 2. 0 µmol/L of Mg, 0. 5 µmol/L of Mo e 36. 0 µmol/L of Mn. The cochineals were collected from coffee leaves in commercial crops from Viçosa, MG. These cochineals were maintained into cages in the greenhouse. The fungus was obtained of infected cochineals coming into these cages. The plants were infected with eight months of age. For the preparation of the treatments was infested cochineals no infected by the Lecanicillium spp. The densities of dead and living C. viridis in leaves and branches were evaluated with 0, 15, 30, 35, 45, 60 e 75 days after of the infestation. Variance analysis and the averages compared with the Scott-Knott test and simple linear regression analysis. Lecanicillium spp. caused mortality in all C. viridis stages. Generally speaking, the high mortality occurred in the third instar. In addition, the fungi caused high mortality in this insect in the abaxial faces of C. arabica
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Nitrogen and potassium effect on the interaction between Coccus viridis and Coffea arabica
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007Co-Authors: Fernandes, Flávio LemesAbstract:A cochonilha verde Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) causa problemas em plantas jovens de Coffea arabica e em partes do dossel com baixa luminosidade. A adubação das plantas com nutrientes como o nitrogênio e o potássio pode influenciar a sobrevivência, o desenvolvimento, o crescimento, a reprodução e o comportamento dos insetos. O impacto da aplicação de doses do nitrogênio e do potássio pode ter efeitos diretos (via nutrientes na folha) e indiretos (sobre os fitoquímicos) sobre C. viridis. Outro impacto da adubação nitrogenada e potássica sobre a interação de C. viridis no cafeeiro é na tolerância das plantas às perdas causadas por este inseto-praga. Assim este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre doses de nitrogênio e de potássio fornecidas às plantas, concentração de compostos fitoquímicos foliares e ataque de C. viridis, e ainda, determinar as perdas em vigor causadas por este inseto a plantas de C. arabica. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação. Utilizaram-se adubações de nitrogênio e de potássio em deficiência, normal e excessiva. Cada tratamento foi composto por duas plantas (infestada e não infestada). Semanalmente, contaram-se os números de adultos e de ninfas nas plantas. Foram determinados os teores dos fitoquímicos e nutrientes nas folhas para plantas infestadas e matéria seca das raízes, caule, folhas e total para plantas não infestadas. Realizou-se análise de correlação de Pearson, análise de trilha e regressão linear múltipla. Verificou-se que com a elevação dos teores de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva ocorreu aumento da intensidade de ataque de ninfas e de adultos de C. viridis ao cafeeiro ao longo do tempo. Verificou-se que estes nutrientes têm impacto direto através do aumento dos teores de nitrogênio nas folhas. Já o efeito indireto deve-se à redução dos teores de cafeína, ácido clorogênico e ácido cafeico nas folhas, os quais atuam possivelmente como alomônios sobre C. viridis. Observou-se que plantas adubadas com maiores doses de nitrogênio e de potássio tiveram menores perdas de matéria seca total, foliar, caule e menor redução do diâmetro quando atacadas pela praga.The green cochineal Coccus viridis (green) (Hemipetera: Coccidae) causes problems in sapling plants of Coffea arabica and in parts of the canopy under low luminosity. Plant fertilization with nutrients like nitrogen and potassium may influence the survival, the development, the growth, the reproduction and the behavior of insects. The impact of the application of nitrogen and potassium doses may have direct effects (via nutrients on leaves) and indirect (on phytochemists) on C. viridis. Another impact of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the interaction of C. viridis on coffee trees is on the tolerance of the plants to the losses caused by this insect-pest. So far, this work aimed to study the relation among nitrogen and potassium doses given to the plants, concentration of foliar phytochemical compounds and attack of C. viridis and also to determine the losses incurred to plants of C. Arabica by this insect. This research was conducted in a green house. Deficient, normal and excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilizations were used. Each treatment was composed of two plants (infested and uninfested). Nymphs and adults were counted every week. The phytochemical and nutrient levels on leaves were determined for infested plants, and dry material of roots, stem, leaves and overall for uninfested plants. The analysis conducted were those of Pearson´s correlation, path and multiple linear regressions. Raised the nitrogen levels in the nutritive solution, the intensity of nymph and adult attacks of C. viridis were observed throughout the experiment period. A direct impact of those nutrients was observed through the increasing levels of nitrogen on leaves. On the other hand, the indirect effect is due to the decreasing of caffeine levels, chlorogenic acid and cafeic acid on leaves that may act as alomones on C. viridis. It was also observed that plants when fertilized with larger doses of nitrogen and potassium presented smaller loss of foliar, stem and total dry material as well as a smaller diameter reduction when attacked by that pest
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Nitrogen and potassium effect on the interaction between Coccus viridis and Coffea arabica
'Departamento de Educacao UFV', 2007Co-Authors: Fernandes, Flávio LemesAbstract:A cochonilha verde Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) causa problemas em plantas jovens de Coffea arabica e em partes do dossel com baixa luminosidade. A adubação das plantas com nutrientes como o nitrogênio e o potássio pode influenciar a sobrevivência, o desenvolvimento, o crescimento, a reprodução e o comportamento dos insetos. O impacto da aplicação de doses do nitrogênio e do potássio pode ter efeitos diretos (via nutrientes na folha) e indiretos (sobre os fitoquímicos) sobre C. viridis. Outro impacto da adubação nitrogenada e potássica sobre a interação de C. viridis no cafeeiro é na tolerância das plantas às perdas causadas por este inseto-praga. Assim este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre doses de nitrogênio e de potássio fornecidas às plantas, concentração de compostos fitoquímicos foliares e ataque de C. viridis, e ainda, determinar as perdas em vigor causadas por este inseto a plantas de C. arabica. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação. Utilizaram-se adubações de nitrogênio e de potássio em deficiência, normal e excessiva. Cada tratamento foi composto por duas plantas (infestada e não infestada). Semanalmente, contaram-se os números de adultos e de ninfas nas plantas. Foram determinados os teores dos fitoquímicos e nutrientes nas folhas para plantas infestadas e matéria seca das raízes, caule, folhas e total para plantas não infestadas. Realizou-se análise de correlação de Pearson, análise de trilha e regressão linear múltipla. Verificou-se que com a elevação dos teores de nitrogênio na solução nutritiva ocorreu aumento da intensidade de ataque de ninfas e de adultos de C. viridis ao cafeeiro ao longo do tempo. Verificou-se que estes nutrientes têm impacto direto através do aumento dos teores de nitrogênio nas folhas. Já o efeito indireto deve-se à redução dos teores de cafeína, ácido clorogênico e ácido cafeico nas folhas, os quais atuam possivelmente como alomônios sobre C. viridis. Observou-se que plantas adubadas com maiores doses de nitrogênio e de potássio tiveram menores perdas de matéria seca total, foliar, caule e menor redução do diâmetro quando atacadas pela praga.The green cochineal Coccus viridis (green) (Hemipetera: Coccidae) causes problems in sapling plants of Coffea arabica and in parts of the canopy under low luminosity. Plant fertilization with nutrients like nitrogen and potassium may influence the survival, the development, the growth, the reproduction and the behavior of insects. The impact of the application of nitrogen and potassium doses may have direct effects (via nutrients on leaves) and indirect (on phytochemists) on C. viridis. Another impact of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the interaction of C. viridis on coffee trees is on the tolerance of the plants to the losses caused by this insect-pest. So far, this work aimed to study the relation among nitrogen and potassium doses given to the plants, concentration of foliar phytochemical compounds and attack of C. viridis and also to determine the losses incurred to plants of C. Arabica by this insect. This research was conducted in a green house. Deficient, normal and excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilizations were used. Each treatment was composed of two plants (infested and uninfested). Nymphs and adults were counted every week. The phytochemical and nutrient levels on leaves were determined for infested plants, and dry material of roots, stem, leaves and overall for uninfested plants. The analysis conducted were those of Pearson´s correlation, path and multiple linear regressions. Raised the nitrogen levels in the nutritive solution, the intensity of nymph and adult attacks of C. viridis were observed throughout the experiment period. A direct impact of those nutrients was observed through the increasing levels of nitrogen on leaves. On the other hand, the indirect effect is due to the decreasing of caffeine levels, chlorogenic acid and cafeic acid on leaves that may act as alomones on C. viridis. It was also observed that plants when fertilized with larger doses of nitrogen and potassium presented smaller loss of foliar, stem and total dry material as well as a smaller diameter reduction when attacked by that pest.Universidade Federal de Viços
Flavio Lemes Fernandes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of nutrients and secondary compounds of coffea arabica on the behavior and development of Coccus viridis
Environmental Entomology, 2012Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Renan Batista Queiroz, V M Xavier, H E P MartinezAbstract:Phytochemicals may modify the food quality, reduce a plant's palatability to insects, or defend against pests. This work aimed to study 1) relationships between the nitrogen and potassium levels given to plants in nutritive solutions and the foliar phytochemical concentrations, 2) the effect of nutrients and secondary compounds of Coffea arabica on the behavior of Coccus viridis, and 3) tolerance of C. arabica to losses. Deficient, normal, and excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilization treatments were used. Each treatment had two plants (one infested and one noninfested plant). The contents of phytochemicals in the infested plants' leaves and their dry matter of roots, stems, and leaves as well as the total contents in noninfested plants, were determined. The adults and nymphs of C. viridis were counted for 60 d in all treatments. It was verified that elevated nitrogen and potassium levels in the nutritional solutions led to increased of nymphs and adults of C. viridis to the coffee plants over time. Potassium and nitrogen had both direct and indirect effects on C. viridis. The direct effect was because of the increase of the nitrogen content in the leaves. The indirect effect instead was because of reductions in the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents in the leaves. This is the first study to show relationship nutrient levels of coffee phytochemicals in response to herbivory by scale insects. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid applied on coffee leaves stimulated the locomotory activity of the green scale, thus reducing their feeding compared with untreated leaves. The elevation of caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves affect this generalist insect by stimulating the locomotion of crawlers.
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induced responses of coffea arabica to attack of Coccus viridis stimulate locomotion of the herbivore
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2011Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Pablo Costa Gontijo, Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G Pereira, Altair A SemeaoAbstract:The green scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is an insect pest of coffee and several other perennial cultivated plant species. We investigated changes in alkaloid and phenolic contents in coffee plants as a response to herbivory by this insect. Greenhouse-grown, 11-month-old coffee plants were artificially infested with the coccid and compared with control, uninfested plants. Leaf samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after infestation, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify alkaloid and phenolic compounds induced by the coccids at each sampling date. Of the compounds investigated, caffeine was the main coffee alkaloid detected in fully developed leaves, and its concentration in infested plants was twice as high as in the control plants. The main coffee phenolics were caffeic and chlorogenic acid, and a significant increase in their concentrations occurred only in plants infested by C. viridis. A positive and significant relationship was found between alkaloid and phenolic concentrations and the infestation level by adults and nymphs of C. viridis. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid applied on coffee leaves stimulated the locomotory activity of the green scale, thus reducing their feeding compared to untreated leaves. This is the first study to show increased levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics in response to herbivory by scale insects. The elevation of caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves because of C. viridis infestation seems to affect this generalist insect by stimulating the locomotion of crawlers.
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leaf alkaloids phenolics and coffee resistance to the leaf miner leucoptera coffeella lepidoptera lyonetiidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Sergio Tinoco Vercosa De Magalhaes, Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Antonio J Demuner, R N C GuedesAbstract:Coffee (Coffea spp.) alkaloids (caffeine and related methylxanthines) and phenolics (caffeic and chlorogenic acids) have recognized pestistatic/pesticidal activity and mediate insect-plant interactions. The present investigation assessed the resistance of 12 coffee genotypes to the leaf miner Leucoptera (= Perileucoptera) coffeella (Guerin-Meneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and correlated such results with the leaf content of coffee alkaloids and phenolics that probably play a role in the interaction between coffee and this leaf miner. The levels of chlorogenic and caffeic acid, caffeine, and related methylxanthines were measured and quantified in leaf extracts of these genotypes before and 7 d after their infestation by the leaf miner. Some coffee genotypes (Coffea canephora L. and Coffea racemosa Lour. and its hybrids with Coffea arabica L.) exhibited high pesticidal activity (100% mortality) toward the L. coffeella, indicating their antibiosis resistance. However, there was no correlation between this activity and the leaf levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics. Curiously, infestation by L. coffeella leads to a nearly four-fold decline in the leaf levels of chlorogenic acid, which does not affect this pest species but may affect other generalist species. Indeed, chlorogenic acid sprayed on coffee leaves stimulated locomotory activity of the green scale Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), thus minimizing their feeding in contrast with the absence of this polyphenol. Therefore, reduction of chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves due to leaf miner infestation seems to also favor infestation by generalist insects, such as the green scale.
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Perdas causadas por Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em mudas de Coffea arabica L.
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2009Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Maria Elisa Fernandes, Tarcísio Visintin Galdino, Adriano Cirino TomazAbstract:Coccus viridis (Green) danifica plantas jovens e adultas de Coffea arabica Linnaeu. No entanto, nada se sabe sobre a magnitude dos danos causados por esta praga. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre o ataque de C. viridis e as perdas causadas por este inseto a C. arabica. Este trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas sementes da linhagem IAC 15 da variedade “Catuaí vermelho” de café (C. arabica). Para a confecção dos tratamentos esta praga foi criada em casa de vegetação separada do experimento. Os tratamentos foram: plantas infestadas e não infestadas por adultos e ninfas da cochonilha verde. As plantas foram nutridas com solução nutritiva. Durante 110 dias foram avaliados: números de adultos e de ninfas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstares, área foliar, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas em todas repetições. No final do experimento avaliou-se o peso das raízes, caule, folhas e total. Os pesos das raízes, matéria seca total, área foliar e diâmetro do caule de plantas não atacadas por C. viridis superaram em 1,31; 1,41; 1,50 e 8,93 vezes, respectivamente o peso de plantas atacadas. As variáveis selecionadas foram: diâmetro do caule (cm), área foliar (cm²), peso de raízes (g), ninfas, adultos e total das cochonilhas. Concluindo que a planta de C. arabica é afetada de forma diferente entre seus órgãos e que a ninfa de terceiro ínstar e adultos são as fases que mais causam danos a C. arabica.Losses Caused by Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Seedlings of Coffea arabica L.Abstract. Coccus viridis (Green) cause losses on seedling and old plants of Coffea arabica (Green). However, nothing is known about of the damages caused by this pest. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relations between atack of C. viridis and the losses caused by this insect. on C. arabica. This work was conduced in greenhouse at Federal University of Viçosa. Seed coffee plants line IAC 15, variety “Catuaí vermelho” (C. arabica) were used. The insects were reared into greenhouse and separated of the experiment. The treatments were: infested plants and no infested by adults and nymphs of the green scale. The plants were nourished with compound nutrient solutions. For 110 days evaluated: numbers of adults and nymphs of instar first, second and third, leaf area, diameter of stem and plant height in all repetition. At the end of the experiment were evaluated weights of root, stem, leave and total. The weight of root, total dry matter, leaf area and diameter of the stem at plants no attacked by C. viridis were 1.31, 1.41, 1.50 and 8.93 times more than weight attacked plants, respectively. The main variables were: diameter of the stem (cm), leaf area (cm²), weights of root (g), nymphs, adults and all cochineals. Also, parts of the plant (C. arabica) were damaged by nymphs (third) and adults of C. viridis
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Mortalidade de Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) por Lecanicillium spp. em diferentes órgãos de Coffea arabica
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2009Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Pablo Costa Gontijo, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Maria Sena Fernandes, Sérgio Verçosa Magalhâes, Valkíria Fabiana SilvaAbstract:Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a mortalidade de Coccus viridis por Lecanicillium spp. em folhas e ramos de Coffea arabica. O trabalho foi realizado na casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, entre fevereiro de 2005 a junho de 2006. Foram utilizadas sementes da variedade Catuaí vermelho de café (C. arabica). A solução nutritiva utilizada foi composta por 3,0 mmol/L de N, 9,0 mmol/L de K, 1,0 mmol/L de P, 4,0 mmol/L de Ca, 2,1 mmol/L de S, 46 µmol/L de B, 0,3 µmol/L de Cu, 60,0 µmol/L de Fe, 2,0 µmol/L de Mg, 0,5 µmol/L de Mo e 36,0 µmol/L de Mn. As cochonilhas e o fungo foram coletados de folhas de café em lavouras comerciais de Viçosa, MG e foram mantidos em gaiolas em Casa de Vegetação. As plantas foram infestadas com oito meses de idade. A infestação foi realizada por contato de C. viridis infectadas com o fungo sobre as cochonilhas sadias. As densidades de C. viridis viva e morta nas folhas e nos ramos foram avaliadas aos 0, 15, 30, 35, 45, 60 e 75 dias após a infestação. Usou-se análise de variância, teste de média de Skott-Knott e análise de regressão linear simples a p
John Vandermeer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a tropical lady beetle diomus lupusapudoves coleoptera coccinellidae deceives potential enemies to predate an ant protected coffee pest through putative chemical mimicry
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2021Co-Authors: Aaron L Iverson, Ivette Perfecto, Natalia J Vandenberg, Robyn J Burnham, John VandermeerAbstract:Several beetle species in the family Coccinellidae have evolved close associations with ants in order to consume ant-tended hemipteran prey. These myrmecophilous lady beetles employ various strategies for avoiding ant aggression, including physical and chemical protection. We asked how the lady beetle Diomus lupusapudoves Vandenberg, Iverson and Liere (Coccinellidae: Diomini) is capable of avoiding ant aggression in a Mexican coffee agroecosystem, given that its larvae are physically unprotected from the aggressive Azteca sericeasur Longino (Formicidae: Leptomyrmecini) ants. Through a classic scale-ant mutualism, these ants protect the primary food source of D. lupusapudoves, the green coffee scale, Coccus viridis Green (Coccidae: Coccini), an agricultural pest of coffee. Through three quantitative behavioral lab experiments, we found that the ants did not show aggression towards either D. lupusapudoves larvae or towards C. viridis. Similarly, the ants were not antagonistic to crickets (Orthoptera), which normally induce aggression, when they were covered in a coating of D. lupusapudoves larvae residues. Through a survival analysis, we found that D. lupusapudoves larvae are not apparently toxic to the ants, as ants that consumed a sugar solution containing the D. lupusapudoves larvae lived longer than those fed only a control sugar solution. From these series of experiments, we deduce that the D. lupusapudoves larvae likely employ chemical mimicry, allowing them to coexist with the aggressive A. sericeasur ants. The myrmecophilous behavior of the D. lupusapudoves larvae assists them in their role as an important biological control agent of the green coffee scale.
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the community ecology of herbivore regulation in an agroecosystem lessons from complex systems
BioScience, 2019Co-Authors: John Vandermeer, Aaron L Iverson, Inge Armbrecht, Aldo De La Mora, Katherine K Ennis, Gordon Fitch, David J Gonthier, Zachary Hajianforooshani, Hsunyi Hsieh, Douglas JacksonAbstract:Author(s): Vandermeer, John; Armbrecht, Inge; De la Mora, Aldo; Ennis, Katherine K; Fitch, Gordon; Gonthier, David J; Hajian-Forooshani, Zachary; Hsieh, Hsun-Yi; Iverson, Aaron; Jackson, Douglas; Jha, Shalene; Jimenez-Soto, Esteli; Lopez-Bautista, Gustavo; Larsen, Ashley; Li, Kevin; Liere, Heidi; Macdonald, Andrew; Marin, Linda; Mathis, Kaitlyn A; Monagan, Ivan; Morris, Jonathan R; Ong, Theresa; Pardee, Gabriella L; Rivera-Salinas, Iris Saraeny; Vaiyda, Chatura; Williams-Guillen, Kimberly; Yitbarek, Senay; Uno, Shinsuke; Zemenick, Ash; Philpott, Stacy M; Perfecto, Ivette | Abstract: AbstractWhether an ecological community is controlled from above or below remains a popular framework that continues generating interesting research questions and takes on especially important meaning in agroecosystems. We describe the regulation from above of three coffee herbivores, a leaf herbivore (the green coffee scale, Coccus viridis), a seed predator (the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei), and a plant pathogen (the coffee rust disease, caused by Hemelia vastatrix) by various natural enemies, emphasizing the remarkable complexity involved. We emphasize the intersection of this classical question of ecology with the burgeoning field of complex systems, including references to chaos, critical transitions, hysteresis, basin or boundary collision, and spatial self-organization, all aimed at the applied question of pest control in the coffee agroecosystem.
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Open Access Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of a Fungal Pathogen Promote Pattern Formation in a Tropical Agroecosystem
2016Co-Authors: Doug Jackson, John Vandermeer, Ivette PerfectoAbstract:Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the spatial pattern of nests of an arboreal ant, Azteca instabilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in a tropical coffee agroecosystem may emerge through self-organization. The proposed self-organization process involves both local expansion and density-dependent mortality of the ant colonies. We explored a possible mechanism for the density-dependent mortality involving the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. L. lecanii attacks a scale insect, Coccus viridis (Coccidae, Hemiptera), which is tended by A. instabilis in a mutualistic association. By attacking C. viridis, L. lecanii may have an indirect, negative effect on ant colony survival. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted investigations into the spatial and temporal distributions of L. lecanii. We measured incidence and severity at 4 spatial scales: (1) throughout a 45 hectare study plot; (2) in two 40 X 50 meter plots; (3) on coffee bushes within 4 m of two ant nests; and (3) on individual branches in a single coffee bush. The plot-level censuses did not reveal a clear spatial pattern, but the finer scale surveys show distinct patterns in the spread of infection over time. We also developed a simple cellular automata model of the coupled ant nest-L. lecanii system which is able to produce spatial patterns qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that found in the field. The accumulated evidence suggests that L. lecanii may very well be responsible for the density-dependent control thought necessary for spatial pattern formation of ant nests in this system
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antagonism between two natural enemies improves biological control of a coffee pest the importance of dominance hierarchies
Biological Control, 2014Co-Authors: Theresa Wei Ying Ong, John VandermeerAbstract:Abstract The relationship between two natural enemies of Coccus viridis (green coffee scale), an important hempiteran coffee pest was determined using a combination of experimental and observational approaches. Adult and larval forms of Azya orbigera, a coccinellid beetle predator were included on leaves of coffee plants with healthy scale populations resulting in lower proportions of scales infected with the second natural enemy, an entomopathogenic fungus ( Lecanicillium lecanii ) . C. viridis populations on leaves where A. orbigera were excluded exhibited twice as much fungal infection by L. lecanii . In addition, field surveys of C. viridis populations on whole coffee plants corroborated experimental findings with eight times less fungal infection for coffee plants where A. orbigera was present than for plants where the predator was absent a month prior to surveys of L. lecanii . Despite a reduction in fungal infection in both the experiment and survey, the presence of the beetle reduced overall biological control of the pest only in the experiment where the receiver of the antagonism ( L. lecanii ) was more dominant in controlling C. viridis than the instigator of the antagonism ( A. orbigera ). In the survey, A. orbigera was dominant over L. lecanii , resulting in equal to greater levels of biological control depending on the degree to which A. orbigera was dominant over L. lecanii . Our results indicate that a negative relationship exists between A. orbigera and L. lecanii , but that contrary to expectations, this antagonism may in some cases improve overall biological control of the shared pest target.
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Cartoon version of the local dynamic forces.
2014Co-Authors: Doug Jackson, Ivette Perfecto, John Vandermeer, Stacy M. PhilpottAbstract:Single-headed arrows depict the satellite expansion of a cluster of ant nests. Double-headed arrows depict the mutualism between the ants (Azteca sericeasur) and the scale insects (Coccus viridis). Arrows with open circles indicate the antagonistic effects of the parasitoid phorid flies on A. sericeasur; and of the pathogenic fungus (Lecanicillium lecanii) and the predatory beetle (Azya orbigera) on the scale insects.
Marcelo Coutinho Picanco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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natural biological control of green scale hemiptera coccidae a field life table study
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Jander Fagundes Rosado, Leandro Bacci, Julio Claudio Martins, Gerson Adriano Silva, Lessando M Gontijo, Marcelo Coutinho PicancoAbstract:Understanding how the biotic and abiotic factors influence pest-population dynamics is important to implement sound pest management strategies in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Coccus viridis (Green) is an important indirect pest of coffee plants, but very little has been done to understand the factors that contribute most for its biological control in the field. In the present study, we examined the critical life stage and the key factors associated with the mortality of C. viridis in coffee plantations in Brazil by conducting field-based life table studies. Predators, parasitoids, fungi, infested leaf abscission and rainfall were collectively responsible for a total C. viridis mortality of 96.08%. Predation by coccinellids was the key factor governing the mortality of C. viridis. The parasitism of early instars by parasitoids was the second most important factor contributing to C. viridis mortality. Unlike the parasitoids, the fungus Lecanicillium lecanii caused mort...
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the effects of nutrients and secondary compounds of coffea arabica on the behavior and development of Coccus viridis
Environmental Entomology, 2012Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Renan Batista Queiroz, V M Xavier, H E P MartinezAbstract:Phytochemicals may modify the food quality, reduce a plant's palatability to insects, or defend against pests. This work aimed to study 1) relationships between the nitrogen and potassium levels given to plants in nutritive solutions and the foliar phytochemical concentrations, 2) the effect of nutrients and secondary compounds of Coffea arabica on the behavior of Coccus viridis, and 3) tolerance of C. arabica to losses. Deficient, normal, and excessive nitrogen and potassium fertilization treatments were used. Each treatment had two plants (one infested and one noninfested plant). The contents of phytochemicals in the infested plants' leaves and their dry matter of roots, stems, and leaves as well as the total contents in noninfested plants, were determined. The adults and nymphs of C. viridis were counted for 60 d in all treatments. It was verified that elevated nitrogen and potassium levels in the nutritional solutions led to increased of nymphs and adults of C. viridis to the coffee plants over time. Potassium and nitrogen had both direct and indirect effects on C. viridis. The direct effect was because of the increase of the nitrogen content in the leaves. The indirect effect instead was because of reductions in the caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents in the leaves. This is the first study to show relationship nutrient levels of coffee phytochemicals in response to herbivory by scale insects. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid applied on coffee leaves stimulated the locomotory activity of the green scale, thus reducing their feeding compared with untreated leaves. The elevation of caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves affect this generalist insect by stimulating the locomotion of crawlers.
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induced responses of coffea arabica to attack of Coccus viridis stimulate locomotion of the herbivore
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2011Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Pablo Costa Gontijo, Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, E J G Pereira, Altair A SemeaoAbstract:The green scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is an insect pest of coffee and several other perennial cultivated plant species. We investigated changes in alkaloid and phenolic contents in coffee plants as a response to herbivory by this insect. Greenhouse-grown, 11-month-old coffee plants were artificially infested with the coccid and compared with control, uninfested plants. Leaf samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after infestation, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify alkaloid and phenolic compounds induced by the coccids at each sampling date. Of the compounds investigated, caffeine was the main coffee alkaloid detected in fully developed leaves, and its concentration in infested plants was twice as high as in the control plants. The main coffee phenolics were caffeic and chlorogenic acid, and a significant increase in their concentrations occurred only in plants infested by C. viridis. A positive and significant relationship was found between alkaloid and phenolic concentrations and the infestation level by adults and nymphs of C. viridis. Caffeine and chlorogenic acid applied on coffee leaves stimulated the locomotory activity of the green scale, thus reducing their feeding compared to untreated leaves. This is the first study to show increased levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics in response to herbivory by scale insects. The elevation of caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves because of C. viridis infestation seems to affect this generalist insect by stimulating the locomotion of crawlers.
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leaf alkaloids phenolics and coffee resistance to the leaf miner leucoptera coffeella lepidoptera lyonetiidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Sergio Tinoco Vercosa De Magalhaes, Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Antonio J Demuner, R N C GuedesAbstract:Coffee (Coffea spp.) alkaloids (caffeine and related methylxanthines) and phenolics (caffeic and chlorogenic acids) have recognized pestistatic/pesticidal activity and mediate insect-plant interactions. The present investigation assessed the resistance of 12 coffee genotypes to the leaf miner Leucoptera (= Perileucoptera) coffeella (Guerin-Meneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and correlated such results with the leaf content of coffee alkaloids and phenolics that probably play a role in the interaction between coffee and this leaf miner. The levels of chlorogenic and caffeic acid, caffeine, and related methylxanthines were measured and quantified in leaf extracts of these genotypes before and 7 d after their infestation by the leaf miner. Some coffee genotypes (Coffea canephora L. and Coffea racemosa Lour. and its hybrids with Coffea arabica L.) exhibited high pesticidal activity (100% mortality) toward the L. coffeella, indicating their antibiosis resistance. However, there was no correlation between this activity and the leaf levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics. Curiously, infestation by L. coffeella leads to a nearly four-fold decline in the leaf levels of chlorogenic acid, which does not affect this pest species but may affect other generalist species. Indeed, chlorogenic acid sprayed on coffee leaves stimulated locomotory activity of the green scale Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), thus minimizing their feeding in contrast with the absence of this polyphenol. Therefore, reduction of chlorogenic acid levels in coffee leaves due to leaf miner infestation seems to also favor infestation by generalist insects, such as the green scale.
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Perdas causadas por Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em mudas de Coffea arabica L.
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2009Co-Authors: Flavio Lemes Fernandes, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco, Maria Elisa Fernandes, Tarcísio Visintin Galdino, Adriano Cirino TomazAbstract:Coccus viridis (Green) danifica plantas jovens e adultas de Coffea arabica Linnaeu. No entanto, nada se sabe sobre a magnitude dos danos causados por esta praga. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as relações entre o ataque de C. viridis e as perdas causadas por este inseto a C. arabica. Este trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizadas sementes da linhagem IAC 15 da variedade “Catuaí vermelho” de café (C. arabica). Para a confecção dos tratamentos esta praga foi criada em casa de vegetação separada do experimento. Os tratamentos foram: plantas infestadas e não infestadas por adultos e ninfas da cochonilha verde. As plantas foram nutridas com solução nutritiva. Durante 110 dias foram avaliados: números de adultos e de ninfas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ínstares, área foliar, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas em todas repetições. No final do experimento avaliou-se o peso das raízes, caule, folhas e total. Os pesos das raízes, matéria seca total, área foliar e diâmetro do caule de plantas não atacadas por C. viridis superaram em 1,31; 1,41; 1,50 e 8,93 vezes, respectivamente o peso de plantas atacadas. As variáveis selecionadas foram: diâmetro do caule (cm), área foliar (cm²), peso de raízes (g), ninfas, adultos e total das cochonilhas. Concluindo que a planta de C. arabica é afetada de forma diferente entre seus órgãos e que a ninfa de terceiro ínstar e adultos são as fases que mais causam danos a C. arabica.Losses Caused by Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Seedlings of Coffea arabica L.Abstract. Coccus viridis (Green) cause losses on seedling and old plants of Coffea arabica (Green). However, nothing is known about of the damages caused by this pest. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relations between atack of C. viridis and the losses caused by this insect. on C. arabica. This work was conduced in greenhouse at Federal University of Viçosa. Seed coffee plants line IAC 15, variety “Catuaí vermelho” (C. arabica) were used. The insects were reared into greenhouse and separated of the experiment. The treatments were: infested plants and no infested by adults and nymphs of the green scale. The plants were nourished with compound nutrient solutions. For 110 days evaluated: numbers of adults and nymphs of instar first, second and third, leaf area, diameter of stem and plant height in all repetition. At the end of the experiment were evaluated weights of root, stem, leave and total. The weight of root, total dry matter, leaf area and diameter of the stem at plants no attacked by C. viridis were 1.31, 1.41, 1.50 and 8.93 times more than weight attacked plants, respectively. The main variables were: diameter of the stem (cm), leaf area (cm²), weights of root (g), nymphs, adults and all cochineals. Also, parts of the plant (C. arabica) were damaged by nymphs (third) and adults of C. viridis
Dewi Ibrahim, Meynarti Sari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DINAMIKA POPULASI KUTU TEMPURUNG (Coccus viridis) DAN KUTUDAUN (Aphis gossypii) PADA TIGA VARIETAS KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea Arabica)
'Indonesian Agency For Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)', 2020Co-Authors: Rismayani Rismayani, Rubiyo Rubiyo, Dewi Ibrahim, Meynarti SariAbstract:ABSTRAKSalah satu kendala dalam pembibitan kopi arabika di rumah kaca adalahadanya serangan hama kutu tempurung (Coccus viridis) dan kutudaun(Aphis gossypii) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangantanaman. Persaingan dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara dan nutrisi yangberada pada jaringan tanaman kopi dapat menyebabkan tanaman yangterserang menjadi lebih parah bahkan tidak jarang menyebabkan kematiantanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika populasikutu tempurung dan kutudaun pada benih kopi arabika varietas SigararUtang, Kartika, dan S795. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca PusatPenelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan (Puslitbangbun), sejak bulanAgustus 2011 sampai Januari 2012. Jumlah benih kopi arabika yangdiamati sebanyak 200 benih yang terdiri dari varietas S795, Sigarar utang,dan Kartika. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali sebanyaksepuluh kali pengamatan dengan menghitung populasi serangan hama danmembandingkan frekuensi populasi (perkembangan) kutu tempurung (C.viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) dengan metode regresi dan uji t. Darihasil pengamatan, ditemukan 2 jenis populasi hama yaitu populasi kututempurung (C. viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) yang menyerang benihkopi arabika di pembibitan dengan tingkat populasi kutu tempurung (C.viridis) lebih banyak dijumpai dibandingkan dengan populasi kutudaun (A.gossypii) yaitu sebanyak 81,23%. Pada kopi arabika varietas Kartikapaling banyak ditemukan populasi kutu tempurung (C. viridis) dan kutudaun (A. gossypii) dibandingkan dengan varietas Sigarar Utang dan S795.Kopi arabika varietas Kartika memiliki percabangan yang agak lentur danmemiliki ruas yang pendek sehingga kutu tempurung (C.viridis) dankutudaun (A. gossypii) lebih senang berinang pada varietas Kartikadibandingkan varietas Sigarar Utang dan S795, karena lebih mudah untukmemperoleh makanannya dengan mengisap cairan yang ada padapercabangannya. Perkembangan populasi C. viridis membentuk garis lurusselama 5 bulan dengan nilai r masing-masing 0,98 pada varietas SigararUtang; 0,98 pada varietas Kartika; dan 0,99 pada varietas S795.Perkembangan populasi A. gossypii membentuk dua buah garis yangbertemu di satu titik dan sebuah garis lurus dengan nilai r masing-masing0,99 pada Sigarar Utang; 0,98 pada varietas Kartika; dan 0,99 padavarietas S795.Kata kunci: Kopi arabika, dinamika populasi, Aphis gossypii, CoccusviridisABSTRACTOne of the main constraints on the growth of coffee seedlings in thegreenhouse is pests lice green scales (Coccus viridis) and Aphids (Aphidsgossypii) that can inhibit the growth of plants. Competition in utilizingnutrients can cause the attacked plants to become more severe, even someplants to be dead. This study aims to determine the population dynamics ofC. viridis and A. gossypii on arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang,Kartika, and S795 varieties. The study was conducted in the greenhouse ofIndonesian Center For Estate Crops Research and Development, fromAugust 2011 to January 2012. 200 seedlings of arabica coffee consisting ofS795, Sigarar Utang, and Kartika varieties were planted in polythene bagsin the greenhouse. Observations were made every two weeks for ten timesthe observations by calculating the pest populations and comparepopulation growth of C. viridis and A. gossypii by regression method and ttest. It was found that mite green scale (C. viridis) population were moredominant than the aphids (A. gossypii) population, with a total populationof green scales (C. viridis) as much as 81.23%. Green scales (C. viridis)and aphids (A. gossypii) were found more abundant in the Kartikaseedlings compared to Sigarar Utang and S795 varieties. It is easier for thepests to obtain their food by sucking the liquid inside in the branches. Thegrowth population of C. viridis forming a straight line for 5 months with rvalues respectively, Sigarar Utang is 0,98; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is0,97. Growth population of A. gossypii forming straight lines with thevalue of r : Sigarar Utang is 0,99; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is 0,99.Key words: Coffea arabica, population dynamics, Aphis gossypii, Coccusviridi
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Dinamika Populasi Kutu Tempurung (Coccus viridis) Dan Kutudaun (Aphis Gossypii) Pada Tiga Varietas Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica)
Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, 2013Co-Authors: Rismayani R., Rubiyo R., Dewi Ibrahim, Meynarti SariAbstract:One of the main constraints on the growth of coffee seedlings in thegreenhouse is pests lice green scales (Coccus viridis) and Aphids (Aphidsgossypii) that can inhibit the growth of plants. Competition in utilizingnutrients can cause the attacked plants to become more severe, even someplants to be dead. This study aims to determine the population dynamics ofC. viridis and A. gossypii on arabica coffee seedlings of Sigarar Utang,Kartika, and S795 varieties. The study was conducted in the greenhouse ofIndonesian Center For Estate Crops Research and Development, fromAugust 2011 to January 2012. 200 seedlings of arabica coffee consisting ofS795, Sigarar Utang, and Kartika varieties were planted in polythene bagsin the greenhouse. Observations were made every two weeks for ten timesthe observations by calculating the pest populations and comparepopulation growth of C. viridis and A. gossypii by regression method and ttest. It was found that mite green scale (C. viridis) population were moredominant than the aphids (A. gossypii) population, with a total populationof green scales (C. viridis) as much as 81.23%. Green scales (C. viridis)and aphids (A. gossypii) were found more abundant in the Kartikaseedlings compared to Sigarar Utang and S795 varieties. It is easier for thepests to obtain their food by sucking the liquid inside in the branches. Thegrowth population of C. viridis forming a straight line for 5 months with rvalues respectively, Sigarar Utang is 0,98; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is0,97. Growth population of A. gossypii forming straight lines with thevalue of r : Sigarar Utang is 0,99; Kartika is 0,98; and S795 is 0,99