The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Akira Ishihama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nucleotide sequence and possible ambisense Coding Strategy of rice stripe virus RNA segment 2
Journal of General Virology, 1993Co-Authors: Mami Takahashi, Shigemitsu Toriyama, Chika L Hamamatsu, Akira IshihamaAbstract:The complete nucleotide sequence (3514 nucleotides) of RNA segment 2 of rice stripe virus (RSV), the prototype member of tenuivirus group, was determined. In the virus-sense RNA an open reading frame (ORF) is present which encodes a 199 amino acid protein of M r 22762. Another long ORF enCoding an 834 amino acid protein with M r 94047 (94K) exists in the virus-complementary RNA. Between these two ORFs, there is a long non-Coding intergenic region of 299 nucleotides. The sequence suggests that RNA 2 has an ambisense Coding Strategy as found for RSV RNAs 3 and 4. The putative 94K protein carries stretches with an amino acid sequence showing weak similarity to parts of the membrane glycoproteins of Punta Toro and Uukuniemi phleboviruses of the family Bunyaviridae, suggesting a possible distinct evolutionary relationship between the animal phleboviruses and the plant tenuiviruses.
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Nucleotide sequence and possible ambisense Coding Strategy of rice stripe virus RNA segment 2
1993Co-Authors: Mami Takahashi, Shigemitsu Toriyama, Chika L Hamamatsu, Akira IshihamaAbstract:The complete nucleotide sequence (3514 nucleotides) of RNA segment 2 office stripe virus (RSV), the prototype member of tenuivirus group, was determined. In the virus-sense RNA an open reading frame (ORF) is present which encodes a 199 amino acid protein of M r 22 762. Another long ORF enCoding an 834 amino acid protein with M r 94047 (94K) exists in the virus-complementary RNA. Between these two ORFs, there is a long non-Coding intergenic region of 299 nueleotides. The sequence suggests that RNA 2 has an ambisense Coding Strategy as found for RSV RNAs 3 and 4. The putative 94K protein carries stretches with an amino acid sequence showing weak similarity to parts of the membrane glycoproteins of Punta Toro and Uukuniemi phleboviruses of the family Bunyaviridae, suggesting
Jafarsasan Hamzavi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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envelope versus fine structure speech Coding Strategy a crossover study
Otology & Neurotology, 2011Co-Authors: Dominik Riss, Jafarsasan Hamzavi, Andreas Selberherr, Alexandra Kaider, Michaela Blineder, Veronika Starlinger, Wolfgang Gstoettner, Christoph ArnoldnerAbstract:OBJECTIVE The transmission of fine structure information to cochlear implant users is an expanding area of research. Previous studies comparing the fine structure processing (FSP) speech Coding Strategy to the envelope-based continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) Strategy indicated improved speech perception when using the fine structure Strategy. Those investigations were performed with an extended frequency spectrum in the low frequencies together with the fine structure Strategy. The current study addresses the question whether these improvements are due to the presentation of fine structure per se or rather the extended frequency spectrum. Hence, this cross over study compares the two strategies using an identical frequency spectrum. STUDY DESIGN Randomized crossover study. PATIENTS 31 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. INTERVENTIONS One group was fitted with a CIS map for 4 weeks, tested and subsequently fitted with a FSP map for 4 weeks. The other group followed the same pattern in reverse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Test material consisted of sentence tests in noise, monosyllables in quiet and melody recognition. RESULTS No statistical significance was noted between the different speech Coding strategies at an identical frequency spectrum. CONCLUSION This study shows that there is no difference in speech perception with FSP compared to CIS at an extended frequency spectrum. Therefore, the extended frequency spectrum in the low frequencies might explain a benefit of FSP observed in previous studies.
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1 year results using the opus speech processor with the fine structure speech Coding Strategy
Acta Oto-laryngologica, 2009Co-Authors: Dominik Riss, Wolf Dieter Baumgartner, Christoph Arnoldner, Sonja Reiss, Jafarsasan HamzaviAbstract:Conclusion: In contrast to the Tempo+ the new Opus speech processor stimulates with the new fine structure programming (FSP) speech Coding Strategy and offers an extended frequency spectrum. A significant improvement in speech perception for sentences at 10 dB SNR (signal to noise ratio) was observable. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects on speech perception in quiet and in noise with the Opus speech processor using FSP. Subjects and methods: Eight post-lingually deaf patients implanted with Pulsar cochlear implants and fitted with Tempo+ speech processors (both MED-EL) for a minimum of 1 year were tested at baseline with Tempo+ using continuous interleaved sampling (CIS), and at 1 year follow-up with the Opus speech processor using FSP. Monosyllables and sentence tests were performed in quiet, and sentence tests (HSM) in noise with 15, 10 and 5 dB SNR. Results: Mean speech perception scores showed a trend towards improvement for all tests. A statistically significa...
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a new fine structure speech Coding Strategy speech perception at a reduced number of channels
Otology & Neurotology, 2008Co-Authors: Dominik Riss, Wolf Dieter Baumgartner, Alexandra Kaider, Christoph Arnoldner, Jafarsasan HamzaviAbstract:Objective One of the most commonly used speech Coding strategies for cochlear implants is continuous interleaved sampling (CIS), which codes the envelope information of an acoustic signal. Based on this Strategy, MED-EL has recently developed the new fine structure processing (FSP) speech Coding Strategy, which also transmits subtle pitch and temporal cues. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of active channels necessary for good speech perception with FSP and whether there is an advantage for FSP compared with CIS at a reduced number of channels. Methods Ten postlingually deafened patients using MED-EL Pulsar cochlear implants participated in this study. Patients were tested with all 12, 8, 5, 3, and 2 channels with CIS and FSP Strategy, resulting in a total of 10 conditions. Performance was tested with numbers, monosyllables, and sentence tests. Results Our results showed an improvement in speech perception, with up to 5 channels for numbers and for monosyllables and sentence tests. Statistically significant increases in performance were noted from 3 to 8 channels for numbers, from 3 to 5 channels for monosyllables, and from 5 to 8 channels for sentence tests. No statistical significance was observed whether FSP or CIS was used. Conclusion Based on these findings, the number of channels necessary for speech perception with FSP is similar to published results using CIS. There seems to be no advantage for FSP compared with CIS in the conditions of the present experiment.
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speech and music perception with the new fine structure speech Coding Strategy preliminary results
Acta Oto-laryngologica, 2007Co-Authors: Christoph Arnoldner, Wolf Dieter Baumgartner, Dominik Riss, Markus Brunner, Martin Durisin, Jafarsasan HamzaviAbstract:Conclusions. Taking into account the excellent results with significant improvements in the speech tests and the very high satisfaction of the patients using the new Strategy, this first implementation of a fine structure Strategy could offer a new quality of hearing with cochlear implants (CIs). Objective. This study consisted of an intra-individual comparison of speech recognition, music perception and patient preference when subjects used two different speech Coding strategies with a MedEl Pulsar CI: continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) and the new fine structure processing (FSP) Strategy. In contrast to envelope-based strategies, the FSP Strategy also delivers subtle pitch and timing differences of sound to the user and is thereby supposed to enhance speech perception in noise and increase the quality of music perception. Patients and methods. This was a prospective study assessing performance with two different speech Coding strategies. The setting was a CI programme at an academic tertiary referral...
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speech and music perception with the new fine structure speech Coding Strategy preliminary results
Acta Oto-laryngologica, 2007Co-Authors: Christoph Arnoldner, Wolf Dieter Baumgartner, Dominik Riss, Markus Brunner, Martin Durisin, Jafarsasan HamzaviAbstract:Conclusions. Taking into account the excellent results with significant improvements in the speech tests and the very high satisfaction of the patients using the new Strategy, this first implementa...
Richard C. Dowell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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speech perception abilities of adult and pediatric nucleus implant recipients using the spectral peak speak Coding Strategy
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1997Co-Authors: S Staller, E Domico, A Geers, S Pijl, S Hasenstab, Matthias Justus, Richard C. Dowell, Christine Menapace, D. Mills, Tamara BrunelliAbstract:Abstract A series of 73 postlinguistically deafened adults and 34 prelinguistically deafened children were evaluated with the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy of the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. The adults who received consecutive implants demonstrated rapid acquisition of open-set speech recognition skills in the initial postoperative period. Group mean sentence recognition improved to 53.5% ( n = 52) after 2 weeks, 62.1% ( n = 55) after 1 month, 69.8% ( n = 57) after 3 months, and 74.4% ( n = 42) after 6 months of use. At the 6-month evaluation interval, 43% of subjects scored greater than 90% on sound-alone sentence recognition in quiet and only one patient (2.4%) scored less than 10%. Mean monosyllabic word recognition was 35.6% after 6 months of use. The 34 prelinguistically deafened children were converted from the Multipeak Strategy to Spectral Peak Strategy at four large pediatric implant centers. After 6 months of using the new Coding Strategy, the children demonstrated significant improvements in their speech perception abilities. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:236-42.)
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Speech perception abilities of adult and pediatric Nucleus implant recipients using the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy.
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1997Co-Authors: S Staller, E Domico, A Geers, S Pijl, S Hasenstab, Matthias Justus, Richard C. Dowell, Christine Menapace, D. Mills, Tamara BrunelliAbstract:A series of 73 postlinguistically deafened adults and 34 prelinguistically deafened children were evaluated with the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy of the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. The adults who received consecutive implants demonstrated rapid acquisition of open-set speech recognition skills in the initial postoperative period. Group mean sentence recognition improved to 53.5% (n = 52) after 2 weeks, 62.1% (n = 55) after 1 month, 69.8% (n = 57) after 3 months, and 74.4% (n = 42) after 6 months of use. At the 6-month evaluation interval, 43% of subjects scored greater than 90% on sound-alone sentence recognition in quiet and only one patient (2.4%) scored less than 10%. Mean monosyllabic word recognition was 35.6% after 6 months of use. The 34 prelinguistically deafened children were converted from the Multipeak Strategy to Spectral Peak Strategy at four large pediatric implant centers. After 6 months of using the new Coding Strategy, the children demonstrated significant improvements in their speech perception abilities.
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performance of postlinguistically deaf adults with the wearable speech processor wsp iii and mini speech processor msp of the nucleus multi electrode cochlear implant
Ear and Hearing, 1991Co-Authors: Margaret W Skinner, Richard C. Dowell, Laura K Holden, Timothy A Holden, Peter M Seligman, Judith A Brimacombe, Anne L BeiterAbstract:Seven postlinguistically deaf adults implanted with the Nucleus Multi-Electrode Cochlear Implant participated in an evaluation of speech perception performance with three speech processors: the Wearable Speech Process (WSP III), a prototype of the Mini Speech Processor, and the Mini Speech Processor. The first experiment was performed with the prototype and Wearable Speech Processor both programmed using the F0F1F2 speech Coding Strategy. The second experiment compared performance with the Mini Speech Processor programmed with the Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy and the Wearable Speech Processor programmed with the F0F1F2 speech Coding Strategy. Performance was evaluated in the sound-only condition using recorded speech tests presented in quiet and in noise. Questionnaires and informal reports provided information about use in everyday life. In experiment I, there was no significant difference in performance using the Wearable Speech Processor and prototype on any of the tests. Nevertheless, six out of seven subjects preferred the prototype for use in everyday life. In experiment II, performance on open-set tests in quiet and noise was significantly higher with the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy) than with the Wearable Speech Processor. Subjects reported an increase in their ability to communicate with other people using the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy) compared with the Wearable Speech Processor in everyday life.
Margaret W Skinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of frequency boundary assignment on speech recognition with the nucleus 24 ace speech Coding Strategy
Journal of The American Academy of Audiology, 2004Co-Authors: Marios Fourakis, Laura K Holden, Margaret W Skinner, John W Hawks, Timothy A HoldenAbstract:Two speech processor programs (MAPs) differing only in electrode frequency boundary assignments were created for each of eight Nucleus 24 Cochlear Implant recipients. The default MAPs used typical frequency boundaries, and the experimental MAPs reassigned one additional electrode to vowel formant regions. Four objective speech tests and a questionnaire were used to evaluate speech recognition with the two MAPs. Results for the closed-set vowel test and the formant discrimination test showed small but significant improvement in scores with the experimental MAP. Differences for the Consonant-Vowel Nucleus-Consonant word test and closed-set consonant test were nonsignificant. Feature analysis revealed no significant differences in information transmission. Seven of the eight subjects preferred the experimental MAP, reporting louder, crisper, and clearer sound. The results suggest that Nucleus 24 recipients should be given an opportunity to compare a MAP that assigns more electrodes in vowel formant regions with the default MAP to determine which provides the most benefit in everyday life.
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effects of stimulation rate with the nucleus 24 ace speech Coding Strategy
Ear and Hearing, 2002Co-Authors: Laura K Holden, Margaret W Skinner, Timothy A Holden, Marilyn E DemorestAbstract:OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to determine whether individual cochlear implant recipients recognize speech better with an electrical stimulation rate of 720 or 1800 pulses per second per channel (pps/ch) using the Nucleus 24 Advanced Combination Encoder (ACE) speech Coding Strategy. The secondary objective was to determine, for each active electrode, the relation between psychophysical measures and MAP minimum and maximum stimulation levels for each rate, as well as the stability of MAP minimum and maximum levels during the study. DESIGN Eight postlinguistically deaf adults implanted with the Nucleus 24 device participated in this study comparing the effect of a moderate (720 pps/ch) and a fast (1800 pps/ch) rate of electrical stimulation on speech recognition of words in quiet and sentences in noise presented at 50, 60, and 70 dB SPL in the laboratory and on listening to sound in everyday life over a 14-wk time period. At the beginning of the study, psychophysical measures (i.e., counted threshold and maximum acceptable loudness [MAL] levels) were obtained for each active electrode with each of the two rates to initially set MAP minimum and maximum stimulation levels. These levels were then adjusted to make speech and environmental sound clear and comfortable in everyday life. Threshold and MAL levels were obtained again half way through the study to monitor possible hearing changes. A four-phase test design for evaluation of speech recognition was followed; an equal number of subjects started with each of the two rates and alternated rates for each phase. In the last 2 wk of each phase, word and sentence scores were obtained, and subjects responded to a questionnaire. For the group, factorial analyses of variance were conducted for subject, stimulation rate, and time period (first two phases versus second two phases) for words, phonemes within words, and sentences at each level. Additional analyses were obtained for individual subjects. RESULTS Group mean scores across time periods were significantly higher for 1800 pps/ch than 720 pps/ch for phonemes and sentences in noise at 50 dB SPL. There was no significant difference in scores for phonemes and sentences at 60 and 70 dB SPL or for words at any of the three levels. Group mean scores across stimulation rate were significantly higher during the second half than the first half of the study for words, phonemes, and sentences at 50 dB SPL. This result is consistent with subjects learning to recognize speech cues near threshold. A subject by rate interaction was seen for sentences at 70 dB SPL and for all three speech measures at 50 dB SPL. These interactions reflect the fact that two subjects performed significantly better with 720 pps/ch, whereas two other subjects performed significantly better with 1800 pps/ch. Responses to the questionnaire indicated that two subjects preferred 720 pps/ch, three preferred 1800 pps/ch, and three had no preference. The minimum and/or maximum levels in most subjects' final MAPs differed from the psychophysical measures for both rates. Changes in Current Level at threshold and MAL were minimal from the first to the second half of the study for each rate. CONCLUSIONS More than half the subjects preferred one of the two rates for use in everyday life, and four subjects performed significantly better with one of the two rates on at least one test measure. These findings underscore the clinical importance of creating MAPs for each implant recipient that include at least a moderate and a fast rate within ACE during the first months of device use. Given the significant learning effects for soft speech that occurred over several weeks use of each rate in this study, it is suggested that each rate be used alone for a week or two before comparing them and deciding which provides more benefit. In addition, adjustments in an individual's MAP minimum and maximum levels are needed at each rate so soft and normal conversational speech as well as loud sound are clear and comfortable in everyday life.
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evaluation of a new spectral peak Coding Strategy for the nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant system
American Journal of Otology, 1994Co-Authors: Margaret W Skinner, Peter M Seligman, Graeme M Clark, Lesley A Whitford, Steven J Staller, David B Shipp, Jon K Shallop, Colleen Everingham, Christine M Menapace, Patti L ArndtAbstract:This is a publisher’s version of an article published in American Journal of Otology 1994. This version is reproduced with permission of Lippincott Wilkins & Williams.
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performance of postlinguistically deaf adults with the wearable speech processor wsp iii and mini speech processor msp of the nucleus multi electrode cochlear implant
Ear and Hearing, 1991Co-Authors: Margaret W Skinner, Richard C. Dowell, Laura K Holden, Timothy A Holden, Peter M Seligman, Judith A Brimacombe, Anne L BeiterAbstract:Seven postlinguistically deaf adults implanted with the Nucleus Multi-Electrode Cochlear Implant participated in an evaluation of speech perception performance with three speech processors: the Wearable Speech Process (WSP III), a prototype of the Mini Speech Processor, and the Mini Speech Processor. The first experiment was performed with the prototype and Wearable Speech Processor both programmed using the F0F1F2 speech Coding Strategy. The second experiment compared performance with the Mini Speech Processor programmed with the Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy and the Wearable Speech Processor programmed with the F0F1F2 speech Coding Strategy. Performance was evaluated in the sound-only condition using recorded speech tests presented in quiet and in noise. Questionnaires and informal reports provided information about use in everyday life. In experiment I, there was no significant difference in performance using the Wearable Speech Processor and prototype on any of the tests. Nevertheless, six out of seven subjects preferred the prototype for use in everyday life. In experiment II, performance on open-set tests in quiet and noise was significantly higher with the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy) than with the Wearable Speech Processor. Subjects reported an increase in their ability to communicate with other people using the Mini Speech Processor (Multi-Peak speech Coding Strategy) compared with the Wearable Speech Processor in everyday life.
Tamara Brunelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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speech perception abilities of adult and pediatric nucleus implant recipients using the spectral peak speak Coding Strategy
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1997Co-Authors: S Staller, E Domico, A Geers, S Pijl, S Hasenstab, Matthias Justus, Richard C. Dowell, Christine Menapace, D. Mills, Tamara BrunelliAbstract:Abstract A series of 73 postlinguistically deafened adults and 34 prelinguistically deafened children were evaluated with the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy of the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. The adults who received consecutive implants demonstrated rapid acquisition of open-set speech recognition skills in the initial postoperative period. Group mean sentence recognition improved to 53.5% ( n = 52) after 2 weeks, 62.1% ( n = 55) after 1 month, 69.8% ( n = 57) after 3 months, and 74.4% ( n = 42) after 6 months of use. At the 6-month evaluation interval, 43% of subjects scored greater than 90% on sound-alone sentence recognition in quiet and only one patient (2.4%) scored less than 10%. Mean monosyllabic word recognition was 35.6% after 6 months of use. The 34 prelinguistically deafened children were converted from the Multipeak Strategy to Spectral Peak Strategy at four large pediatric implant centers. After 6 months of using the new Coding Strategy, the children demonstrated significant improvements in their speech perception abilities. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:236-42.)
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Speech perception abilities of adult and pediatric Nucleus implant recipients using the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy.
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1997Co-Authors: S Staller, E Domico, A Geers, S Pijl, S Hasenstab, Matthias Justus, Richard C. Dowell, Christine Menapace, D. Mills, Tamara BrunelliAbstract:A series of 73 postlinguistically deafened adults and 34 prelinguistically deafened children were evaluated with the Spectral Peak (SPEAK) Coding Strategy of the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. The adults who received consecutive implants demonstrated rapid acquisition of open-set speech recognition skills in the initial postoperative period. Group mean sentence recognition improved to 53.5% (n = 52) after 2 weeks, 62.1% (n = 55) after 1 month, 69.8% (n = 57) after 3 months, and 74.4% (n = 42) after 6 months of use. At the 6-month evaluation interval, 43% of subjects scored greater than 90% on sound-alone sentence recognition in quiet and only one patient (2.4%) scored less than 10%. Mean monosyllabic word recognition was 35.6% after 6 months of use. The 34 prelinguistically deafened children were converted from the Multipeak Strategy to Spectral Peak Strategy at four large pediatric implant centers. After 6 months of using the new Coding Strategy, the children demonstrated significant improvements in their speech perception abilities.