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Miguel Lopez-ferber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Importance of the Host Phenotype on the Preservation of the Genetic Diversity in Codling Moth Granulovirus
Viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, Miguel Lopez-ferberAbstract:To test the importance of the host genotype in maintaining virus genetic diversity, five experimental populations were constructed by mixing two Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolates, the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and the CpGV-R5, in ratios of 99% M + 1% R, 95% M + 5% R, 90% M + 10% R, 50% M + 50% R, and 10% M + 90% R. CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 differ in their ability to replicate in Codling Moth larvae carrying the type I resistance. This ability is associated with a genetic marker located in the virus pe38 gene. Six successive cycles of replication were carried out with each virus population on a fully-permissive Codling Moth colony (CpNPP), as well as on a host colony (R GV) that carries the type I resistance, and thus blocks CpGV-M replication. The infectivity of offspring viruses was tested on both hosts. Replication on the CpNPP leads to virus lineages preserving the pe38 markers characteristic of both isolates, while replication on the R GV colony drastically reduces the frequency of the CpGV-M pe38 marker. Virus progeny obtained after replication on CpNPP show consistently higher pathogenicity than that of progeny viruses obtained by replication on R GV , independently of the host used for testing.
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Correction: Graillot, B.; et al. Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144
MDPI AG, 2015Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Marie Berling, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, Miguel Lopez-ferberAbstract:In our article “Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M.” (Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144; doi:10.3390/v6125135) [1] we obtained resistance values of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, RGV laboratory colony [2], when challenged with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, Mexican Isolate (CpGV-M), that were lower than those previously published [2]. Careful analysis of both the RGV colony and the CpGV-M virus stock used led to the realization that a low level contamination of this virus stock with CpGV-R5 occurred. We have made new tests with a verified stock, and the results are now in agreement with those previously published
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Correction Correction: Graillot, B.; et al. Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144
2015Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Miguel Lopez-ferber, Marie Berling, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, John Bur, Madoka NakaiAbstract:Abstract: In our article “Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. ” (Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144; doi:10.3390/v6125135) [1] we obtained resistance values of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, RGV laboratory colony [2], when challenged with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, Mexican Isolate (CpGV-M), that were lower than those previously published [2]. Careful analysis of both the RGV colony and the CpGV-M virus stock used led to the realization that a low level contamination of this virus stock with CpGV-R5 occurred. We have made new tests with a verified stock, and the results are now in agreement with those previously published
Matthew F Addison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of heterorhabditis zealandica rhabditida heterorhabditidae for the control of Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in semi field trials under south african conditions
International Journal of Pest Management, 2018Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:ABSTRACTInfection of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae by the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica, was studied under semi-field conditions. Late-instar diapausing Codling Moth larvae, contained by means of perforated cardboard strips that were placed in all trials to evaluate the nematode treatments involved. A morning application of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 MM infective juveniles (IJs) per tree resulted in 85%, 95% and 100% Codling Moth larval infection, respectively. Contrasting results were obtained for an evening application, with low levels of Codling Moth infection (<50%). Nematode treatment strips placed in direct sunlight resulted in almost no infection (<10%), opposed to strips attaining 67% infection placed in the shade.
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control of diapausing Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in wooden fruit bins using entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: D Odendaal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:ABSTRACTStacked wooden fruit bins are frequent overwintering sites for overwintering diapausing Codling Moth larvae. Control strategies against the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in South Africa have been hampered by the reinfestation of orchards from nearby stacked infested fruit bins and by the movement of infested bins between orchards. Worldwide, wooden fruit bins are systematically being replaced with plastic bins, however in South Africa this will not be accomplished in the near future. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of two recycled commercially available entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, as well as of a local species, Steinernema yirgalemense, to disinfest miniature wooden fruit bins under controlled conditions in the laboratory. After dipping miniature bins loaded with Codling Moth larvae in a suspension of 25 IJs/mL of each of the three EPN species, under optimum conditions of tempe...
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entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Codling Moth cydia pomonella l in field and laboratory trials
Journal of Helminthology, 2016Co-Authors: D Odendaal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:Three commercially available entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hb1 and Hb2) and two local species (S. jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense) were evaluated for the control of the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella). In field spray trials, the use of S. jeffreyense resulted in the most effective control (67%), followed by H. bacteriophora (Hb1) (42%) and S. yirgalemense (41%). Laboratory bioassays using spray application in simulated field conditions indicate S. feltiae to be the most virulent (67%), followed by S. yirgalemense (58%). A laboratory comparison of the infection and penetration rate of the different strains showed that, at 14°C, all EPN strains resulted in slower Codling Moth mortality than they did at 25°C. After 48 h, 98% mortality was recorded for all species involved. However, the washed Codling Moth larvae, cool-treated (at 14°C) with S. feltiae or S. yirgalemense, resulted in 100% mortality 24 h later at room temperature, whereas Codling Moth larvae treated with the two H. bacteriophora strains resulted in 68% and 54% control, respectively. At 14°C, S. feltiae had the highest average penetration rate of 20 IJs/larva, followed by S. yirgalemense, with 14 IJs/larva. At 25°C, S. yirgalemense had the highest penetration rate, with 39 IJs/larva, followed by S. feltiae, with 9 IJs/larva. This study highlights the biocontrol potential of S. jeffreyense, as well as confirming that S. feltiae is a cold-active nematode, whereas the other three EPN isolates tested prefer warmer temperatures.
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effect of humidity and a superabsorbent polymer formulation on the efficacy of heterorhabditis zealandica rhabditida heterorhabditidae to control Codling Moth cydia pomonella l lepidoptera tortricidae
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Antoinette P Malan, Matthew F AddisonAbstract:Abstract Adequate moisture levels are required for nematode survival and subsequent efficacy as entomopathogens. Formulation of nematodes aimed at aboveground applications may assist in maintaining such moisture levels. In this study, we report the effects of a superabsorbent polymer formulation, Zeba® on the performance of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar, for controlling diapausing Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae in cryptic habitats on trees. Water activity (aw-value) on bark was considered to be an indication of moisture levels on trees in cryptic habitats where Codling Moth larvae are known to occur, thereby influencing nematode efficacy. H. zealandica was only able to infect Codling Moth larvae at aw≥0.92, with aw50=0.94 and aw90=0.96. Laboratory experiments in which nematode concentration was investigated indicated a positive linear relationship between the concentration of nematodes applied and the level of control obtained, with the highest level of mortali...
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efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes rhabditida heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae against Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in temperate regions
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Antoinette P Malan, Matthew F AddisonAbstract:Abstract The biocontrol potential of South African isolates of Heterorhabditis zealandica, Steinernema citrae, S. khoisanae, S. yirgalemense, and Steinernema sp., was evaluated against Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella. Codling Moth was susceptible to all six nematode isolates at a concentration of 50 infective juveniles/insect (78–100% mortality). Low temperatures (10 h at 17°C; 14 h at 12°C) negatively affected larvicidal activity (≤3%) for all isolates. All tested isolates were most effective at higher levels of water activity (a w=1). The average a w50-values for all isolates tested was 0.94 (0.93–0.95), except S. khoisanae 0.97 (0.97–0.98). Regarding host-seeking ability, no positive attraction to host cues could be detected amongst isolates, except for H. zealandica. Three of the isolates, H. zealandica, S. khoisanae, and the undescribed Steinernema sp., were selected for field-testing and proven to be effective (mortality >50%). Insect containment methods used during field experimentation was shown to ...
Myriam Siegwart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Importance of the Host Phenotype on the Preservation of the Genetic Diversity in Codling Moth Granulovirus
Viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, Miguel Lopez-ferberAbstract:To test the importance of the host genotype in maintaining virus genetic diversity, five experimental populations were constructed by mixing two Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolates, the Mexican isolate CpGV-M and the CpGV-R5, in ratios of 99% M + 1% R, 95% M + 5% R, 90% M + 10% R, 50% M + 50% R, and 10% M + 90% R. CpGV-M and CpGV-R5 differ in their ability to replicate in Codling Moth larvae carrying the type I resistance. This ability is associated with a genetic marker located in the virus pe38 gene. Six successive cycles of replication were carried out with each virus population on a fully-permissive Codling Moth colony (CpNPP), as well as on a host colony (R GV) that carries the type I resistance, and thus blocks CpGV-M replication. The infectivity of offspring viruses was tested on both hosts. Replication on the CpNPP leads to virus lineages preserving the pe38 markers characteristic of both isolates, while replication on the R GV colony drastically reduces the frequency of the CpGV-M pe38 marker. Virus progeny obtained after replication on CpNPP show consistently higher pathogenicity than that of progeny viruses obtained by replication on R GV , independently of the host used for testing.
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Correction: Graillot, B.; et al. Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144
MDPI AG, 2015Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Marie Berling, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, Miguel Lopez-ferberAbstract:In our article “Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M.” (Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144; doi:10.3390/v6125135) [1] we obtained resistance values of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, RGV laboratory colony [2], when challenged with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, Mexican Isolate (CpGV-M), that were lower than those previously published [2]. Careful analysis of both the RGV colony and the CpGV-M virus stock used led to the realization that a low level contamination of this virus stock with CpGV-R5 occurred. We have made new tests with a verified stock, and the results are now in agreement with those previously published
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Correction Correction: Graillot, B.; et al. Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144
2015Co-Authors: Benoît Graillot, Miguel Lopez-ferber, Marie Berling, Christine Blachere-lópez, Myriam Siegwart, Samantha Besse, John Bur, Madoka NakaiAbstract:Abstract: In our article “Progressive Adaptation of a CpGV Isolate to Codling Moth Populations Resistant to CpGV-M. ” (Viruses 2014, 6, 5135–5144; doi:10.3390/v6125135) [1] we obtained resistance values of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, RGV laboratory colony [2], when challenged with Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, Mexican Isolate (CpGV-M), that were lower than those previously published [2]. Careful analysis of both the RGV colony and the CpGV-M virus stock used led to the realization that a low level contamination of this virus stock with CpGV-R5 occurred. We have made new tests with a verified stock, and the results are now in agreement with those previously published
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multiple origins of the sodium channel kdr mutations in Codling Moth populations
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Pierre Franck, Myriam Siegwart, Jerome Olivares, Jeanfrancois Toubon, Claire LavigneAbstract:Resistance to insecticides is one interesting example of a rapid current evolutionary change. DNA variability in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (trans-membrane segments 5 and 6 in domain II) was investigated in order to estimate resistance evolution to pyrethroid in Codling Moth populations at the World level. DNA variation among 38 sequences revealed a unique kdr mutation (L1014F) involved in pyrethroid resistance in this gene region, which likely resulted from several convergent substitutions. The analysis of Codling Moth samples from 52 apple orchards in 19 countries using a simple PCR-RFLP confirmed that this kdr mutation is almost worldwide distributed. The proportions of kdr mutation were negatively correlated with the annual temperatures in the sampled regions. Homozygous kdr genotypes in the French apple orchards showed lower P450 cytochrome oxidase activities than other genotypes. The most plausible interpretation of the geographic distribution of kdr in Codling Moth populations is that it has both multiple independent origins and a spreading limited by low temperature and negative interaction with the presence of alternative resistance mechanisms to pyrethroid in the populations.
Antoinette P Malan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of heterorhabditis zealandica rhabditida heterorhabditidae for the control of Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in semi field trials under south african conditions
International Journal of Pest Management, 2018Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:ABSTRACTInfection of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae by the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica, was studied under semi-field conditions. Late-instar diapausing Codling Moth larvae, contained by means of perforated cardboard strips that were placed in all trials to evaluate the nematode treatments involved. A morning application of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 MM infective juveniles (IJs) per tree resulted in 85%, 95% and 100% Codling Moth larval infection, respectively. Contrasting results were obtained for an evening application, with low levels of Codling Moth infection (<50%). Nematode treatment strips placed in direct sunlight resulted in almost no infection (<10%), opposed to strips attaining 67% infection placed in the shade.
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control of diapausing Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in wooden fruit bins using entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: D Odendaal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:ABSTRACTStacked wooden fruit bins are frequent overwintering sites for overwintering diapausing Codling Moth larvae. Control strategies against the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in South Africa have been hampered by the reinfestation of orchards from nearby stacked infested fruit bins and by the movement of infested bins between orchards. Worldwide, wooden fruit bins are systematically being replaced with plastic bins, however in South Africa this will not be accomplished in the near future. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of two recycled commercially available entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, as well as of a local species, Steinernema yirgalemense, to disinfest miniature wooden fruit bins under controlled conditions in the laboratory. After dipping miniature bins loaded with Codling Moth larvae in a suspension of 25 IJs/mL of each of the three EPN species, under optimum conditions of tempe...
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entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Codling Moth cydia pomonella l in field and laboratory trials
Journal of Helminthology, 2016Co-Authors: D Odendaal, Matthew F Addison, Antoinette P MalanAbstract:Three commercially available entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hb1 and Hb2) and two local species (S. jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense) were evaluated for the control of the Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella). In field spray trials, the use of S. jeffreyense resulted in the most effective control (67%), followed by H. bacteriophora (Hb1) (42%) and S. yirgalemense (41%). Laboratory bioassays using spray application in simulated field conditions indicate S. feltiae to be the most virulent (67%), followed by S. yirgalemense (58%). A laboratory comparison of the infection and penetration rate of the different strains showed that, at 14°C, all EPN strains resulted in slower Codling Moth mortality than they did at 25°C. After 48 h, 98% mortality was recorded for all species involved. However, the washed Codling Moth larvae, cool-treated (at 14°C) with S. feltiae or S. yirgalemense, resulted in 100% mortality 24 h later at room temperature, whereas Codling Moth larvae treated with the two H. bacteriophora strains resulted in 68% and 54% control, respectively. At 14°C, S. feltiae had the highest average penetration rate of 20 IJs/larva, followed by S. yirgalemense, with 14 IJs/larva. At 25°C, S. yirgalemense had the highest penetration rate, with 39 IJs/larva, followed by S. feltiae, with 9 IJs/larva. This study highlights the biocontrol potential of S. jeffreyense, as well as confirming that S. feltiae is a cold-active nematode, whereas the other three EPN isolates tested prefer warmer temperatures.
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effect of humidity and a superabsorbent polymer formulation on the efficacy of heterorhabditis zealandica rhabditida heterorhabditidae to control Codling Moth cydia pomonella l lepidoptera tortricidae
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Antoinette P Malan, Matthew F AddisonAbstract:Abstract Adequate moisture levels are required for nematode survival and subsequent efficacy as entomopathogens. Formulation of nematodes aimed at aboveground applications may assist in maintaining such moisture levels. In this study, we report the effects of a superabsorbent polymer formulation, Zeba® on the performance of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar, for controlling diapausing Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) larvae in cryptic habitats on trees. Water activity (aw-value) on bark was considered to be an indication of moisture levels on trees in cryptic habitats where Codling Moth larvae are known to occur, thereby influencing nematode efficacy. H. zealandica was only able to infect Codling Moth larvae at aw≥0.92, with aw50=0.94 and aw90=0.96. Laboratory experiments in which nematode concentration was investigated indicated a positive linear relationship between the concentration of nematodes applied and the level of control obtained, with the highest level of mortali...
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efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes rhabditida heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae against Codling Moth cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae in temperate regions
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Jeanne Y De Waal, Antoinette P Malan, Matthew F AddisonAbstract:Abstract The biocontrol potential of South African isolates of Heterorhabditis zealandica, Steinernema citrae, S. khoisanae, S. yirgalemense, and Steinernema sp., was evaluated against Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella. Codling Moth was susceptible to all six nematode isolates at a concentration of 50 infective juveniles/insect (78–100% mortality). Low temperatures (10 h at 17°C; 14 h at 12°C) negatively affected larvicidal activity (≤3%) for all isolates. All tested isolates were most effective at higher levels of water activity (a w=1). The average a w50-values for all isolates tested was 0.94 (0.93–0.95), except S. khoisanae 0.97 (0.97–0.98). Regarding host-seeking ability, no positive attraction to host cues could be detected amongst isolates, except for H. zealandica. Three of the isolates, H. zealandica, S. khoisanae, and the undescribed Steinernema sp., were selected for field-testing and proven to be effective (mortality >50%). Insect containment methods used during field experimentation was shown to ...
Peter Witzgall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Candidate pheromone receptors of Codling Moth Cydia pomonella respond to pheromones and kairomones
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Alberto Maria Cattaneo, Peter Witzgall, William B Walker, Francisco Gonzalez, Jonas M. Bengtsson, Elizabeth A. Corey, Emmanuelle Jacquin-joly, Nicolas Montagné, Umberto Salvagnin, Gianfranco AnforaAbstract:Olfaction plays a dominant role in the mate-finding and host selection behaviours of the Codling Moth ( Cydia pomonella ), an important pest of apple, pear and walnut orchards worldwide. Antennal transcriptome analysis revealed a number of abundantly expressed genes related to the Moth olfactory system, including those encoding the olfactory receptors (ORs) CpomOR1, CpomOR3 and CpomOR6a, which belong to the pheromone receptor (PR) lineage, and the co-receptor (CpomOrco). Using heterologous expression, in both Drosophila olfactory sensory neurones and in human embryonic kidney cells, together with electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging, we characterize the basic physiological and pharmacological properties of these receptors and demonstrate that they form functional ionotropic receptor channels. Both the homomeric CpomOrco and heteromeric CpomOrco + OR complexes can be activated by the common Orco agonists VUAA1 and VUAA3, as well as inhibited by the common Orco antagonists amiloride derivatives. CpomOR3 responds to the plant volatile compound pear ester ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, while CpomOR6a responds to the strong pheromone antagonist codlemone acetate (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate. These findings represent important breakthroughs in the deorphanization of Codling Moth pheromone receptors, as well as more broadly into insect ecology and evolution and, consequently, for the development of sustainable pest control strategies based on manipulating chemosensory communication.
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the chemosensory receptors of Codling Moth cydia pomonella expression in larvae and adults
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gonzalez, William B Walker, Stephen F Garczynski, Peter WitzgallAbstract:Olfaction and gustation play critical roles in the life history of insects, mediating vital behaviors such as food, mate and host seeking. Chemosensory receptor proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) function to interface the insect with its chemical environment. Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, is a worldwide pest of apple, pear and walnut, and behavior-modifying semiochemicals are used for environmentally safe control. We produced an Illumina-based transcriptome from antennae of males and females as well as neonate head tissue, affording a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Codling Moth chemosensory receptor repertoire. We identified 58 ORs, 20 GRs and 21 IRs, and provide a revised nomenclature that is consistent with homologous sequences in related species. Importantly, we have identified several OR transcripts displaying sex-biased expression in adults, as well as larval-enriched transcripts. Our analyses have expanded annotations of the chemosensory receptor gene families, and provide first-time transcript abundance estimates for Codling Moth. The results presented here provide a strong foundation for future work on Codling Moth behavioral physiology and ecology at the molecular level, and may lead to the development of more precise biorational control strategies.
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a predicted sex pheromone receptor of Codling Moth cydia pomonella detects the plant volatile pear ester
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Jonas M. Bengtsson, Marie Bengtsson, William B Walker, Francisco Gonzalez, Nicolas Montagné, Gianfranco Anfora, Alberto Cattaneo, Rickard Ignell, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Peter WitzgallAbstract:Plant volatiles mediate host discrimination and host finding in phytophagous insects. Understanding how insects recognize these signals is a current challenge in chemical ecology research. Pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, is a powerful, bisexual attractant of Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and strongly synergizes the male response to female-produced sex pheromone. We show here that the Codling Moth odorant receptor (OR) CpomOR3 is dedicated to detecting this plant volatile. Heterologous expression of CpomOR3 in Drosophila T1 trichoid and ab3A basiconic sensilla, followed by a screening with Codling Moth pheromone compounds and known plant volatile attractants, confirms that CpomOR3 binds to pear ester. Although CpomOR3 does not respond to any of the pheromone components tested, a phylogenetic analysis of lepidopteran chemosensory receptor genes reveals a close relationship of CpomOR3 with pheromone receptors (PRs) in Moths. This corroborates the interaction of ecological and social chemosensory cues during premating communication. The finding that a plant volatile compound, pear ester, is a specific ligand for a PR-like lepidopteran receptor adds to our understanding of insect-plant interactions and emphasizes the interaction of natural and sexual selection during the phylogenetic divergence of insect herbivores.
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Putative chemosensory receptors of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella,identified by antennal transcriptome analysis
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Jonas M. Bengtsson, Peter Witzgall, Nicolas Montagné, Frederica Trona, Anfora Gianfranco, Ignell Rickard, Emmanuelle JolyAbstract:The Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, is an important fruit pest worldwide. As nocturnal animals, adults depend to a large extent on olfactory cues for detection of food and mates, and, for females, oviposition sites. In insects, odor detection is mediated by odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), which ensure the specificity of the olfactory sensory neuron responses. In this study, our aim was to identify chemosensory receptors in the Codling Moth as a means to uncover new targets for behavioral interference. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we identified a total of 43 candidate ORs, one gustatory receptor and 15 IRs in the antennal transcriptome. Through Blast and sequence similarity analyses we annotated the insect obligatory co-receptor ORco, five genes clustering in a conserved clade containing sex pheromone receptors, one homolog of the Bombyx mori female-enriched receptor BmorOR30 (but no homologs of the other B. mori female-enriched receptors) and one gene clustering in the sugar receptor family. Among the candidate IRs, we identified homologs of the two highly conserved co-receptors IR8a and IR25a, and one homolog of an IR involved in phenylethyl amine detection in Drosophila. Our results open for functional characterization of the chemosensory receptors of C. pomonella, with potential for new or refined applications of semiochemicals for control of this pest insect.
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Codling Moth management and chemical ecology
Annual Review of Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Peter Witzgall, Larry J Gut, Lukasz L Stelinski, D ThomsonAbstract:Lepidopteran insects use sex pheromones to communicate for mating. Olfactory communication and mate-finding can be prevented by permeating the atmosphere with synthetic pheromone. Pheromonemediated mating disruption has become a commercially viable pest management technique and is used to control the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, a key insect pest of apple, on 160,000 ha worldwide. The Codling Moth sex pheromone, codlemone, is species specific and nontoxic. Orchard treatments with up to 100 grams of synthetic codlemone per hectare effectively control Codling Moth populations over the entire growing season. Practical implementation of the mating disruption technique has been realized at an opportune time, as Codling Moth has become resistant to many insecticides. We review Codling Moth chemical ecology and factors underlying the behavioral mechanisms and practical implementation of mating disruption. Area-wide programs are the result of collaborative efforts between academic research institutions, extension, chemical industries, and grower organizations, and they demonstrate the environmental and economic relevance of pheromone research.