The Experts below are selected from a list of 105201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ann M Graybiel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the basal ganglia and chunking of Action repertoires
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 1998Co-Authors: Ann M GraybielAbstract:The basal ganglia have been shown to contribute to habit and stimulus-response (S-R) learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can occur without conscious awareness. This paper proposes that one aspect of basal ganglia-based learning is the recoding of cortically derived information within the striatum. Modular corticostriatal projection patterns, demonstrated experimentally, are viewed as producing recoded templates suitable for the gradual selection of new input-output relations in cortico-basal ganglia loops. Recordings from striatal projection neurons and interneurons show that activity patterns in the striatum are modified gradually during the course of S-R learning. It is proposed that this recoding within the striatum can chunk the representations of motor and Cognitive Action sequences so that they can be implemented as performance units. This scheme generalizes Miller's notion of information chunking to Action control. The formation and the efficient implementation of Action chunks are viewed as being based on predictive signals. It is suggested that information chunking provides a mechanism for the acquisition and the expression of Action repertoires that, without such information compression would be biologically unwieldy or difficult to implement. The learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia are thus seen as core features of the basal ganglia's influence on motor and Cognitive pattern generators.
Simon B Eickhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different involvement of subregions within dorsal premotor and medial frontal cortex for pro and antisaccades
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Edna C Cieslik, Isabelle Seidler, Angela R Laird, Simon B EickhoffAbstract:The antisaccade task has been widely used to investigate Cognitive Action control. While the general network for saccadic eye movements is well defined, the exact location of eye fields within the frontal cortex strongly varies between studies. It is unknown whether this inconsistency reflects spatial uncertainty or is the result of different involvement of subregions for specific aspects of eye movement control. The aim of the present study was to examine functional differentiations within the frontal cortex by integrating results from neuroimaging studies analyzing pro- and antisaccade behavior using meta-analyses. The results provide evidence for a differential functional specialization of neighboring oculomotor frontal regions, with lateral frontal eye fields (FEF) and supplementary eye field (SEF) more often involved in prosaccades while medial FEF and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) revealed consistent stronger involvement for antisaccades. This dissociation was furthermore mirrored by functional connectivity analyses showing that the lateral FEF and SEF are embedded in a motor output network, while medial FEF and aMCC are integrated in a multiple demand network.
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is there one dlpfc in Cognitive Action control evidence for heterogeneity from co activation based parcellation
Cerebral Cortex, 2013Co-Authors: Edna C Cieslik, Angela R Laird, Karl Zilles, Svenja Caspers, Christian Roski, Tanja S Kellermann, Oliver Jakobs, Robert Langner, Simon B EickhoffAbstract:The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has consistently been implicated in Cognitive control of motor behavior. There is, however, considerable variability in the exact location and extension of these activations across functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. This poses the question of whether this variability reflects sampling error and spatial uncertainty in fMRI experiments or structural and functional heterogeneity of this region. This study shows that the right DLPFC as observed in 4 different experiments tapping executive Action control may be subdivided into 2 distinct subregions-an anterior-ventral and a posterior-dorsal one - based on their whole-brain co-activation patterns across neuroimaging studies. Investigation of task-dependent and task-independent connectivity revealed both clusters to be involved in distinct neural networks. The posterior subregion showed increased connectivity with bilateral intraparietal sulci, whereas the anterior subregion showed increased connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. Functional characterization with quantitative forward and reverse inferences revealed the anterior network to be more strongly associated with attention and Action inhibition processes, whereas the posterior network was more strongly related to Action execution and working memory. The present data provide evidence that Cognitive Action control in the right DLPFC may rely on differentiable neural networks and Cognitive functions.
Edna C Cieslik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different involvement of subregions within dorsal premotor and medial frontal cortex for pro and antisaccades
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Edna C Cieslik, Isabelle Seidler, Angela R Laird, Simon B EickhoffAbstract:The antisaccade task has been widely used to investigate Cognitive Action control. While the general network for saccadic eye movements is well defined, the exact location of eye fields within the frontal cortex strongly varies between studies. It is unknown whether this inconsistency reflects spatial uncertainty or is the result of different involvement of subregions for specific aspects of eye movement control. The aim of the present study was to examine functional differentiations within the frontal cortex by integrating results from neuroimaging studies analyzing pro- and antisaccade behavior using meta-analyses. The results provide evidence for a differential functional specialization of neighboring oculomotor frontal regions, with lateral frontal eye fields (FEF) and supplementary eye field (SEF) more often involved in prosaccades while medial FEF and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) revealed consistent stronger involvement for antisaccades. This dissociation was furthermore mirrored by functional connectivity analyses showing that the lateral FEF and SEF are embedded in a motor output network, while medial FEF and aMCC are integrated in a multiple demand network.
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is there one dlpfc in Cognitive Action control evidence for heterogeneity from co activation based parcellation
Cerebral Cortex, 2013Co-Authors: Edna C Cieslik, Angela R Laird, Karl Zilles, Svenja Caspers, Christian Roski, Tanja S Kellermann, Oliver Jakobs, Robert Langner, Simon B EickhoffAbstract:The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has consistently been implicated in Cognitive control of motor behavior. There is, however, considerable variability in the exact location and extension of these activations across functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. This poses the question of whether this variability reflects sampling error and spatial uncertainty in fMRI experiments or structural and functional heterogeneity of this region. This study shows that the right DLPFC as observed in 4 different experiments tapping executive Action control may be subdivided into 2 distinct subregions-an anterior-ventral and a posterior-dorsal one - based on their whole-brain co-activation patterns across neuroimaging studies. Investigation of task-dependent and task-independent connectivity revealed both clusters to be involved in distinct neural networks. The posterior subregion showed increased connectivity with bilateral intraparietal sulci, whereas the anterior subregion showed increased connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. Functional characterization with quantitative forward and reverse inferences revealed the anterior network to be more strongly associated with attention and Action inhibition processes, whereas the posterior network was more strongly related to Action execution and working memory. The present data provide evidence that Cognitive Action control in the right DLPFC may rely on differentiable neural networks and Cognitive functions.
Tamar Flash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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editorial modularity in motor control from muscle synergies to Cognitive Action representation
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Andrea Davella, Martin A Giese, Yuri P Ivanenko, Thomas Schack, Tamar FlashAbstract:Mastering a rich repertoire of motor behaviors, as humans and other animals do, is a surprising and still a poorly understood outcome of evolution, development, and learning. Many degrees-of-freedom, non-linear dynamics, and sensory delays provide formidable challenges for controlling even simple Actions. Modularity as a functional element, both structural and computational, of a control architecture might be the key organizational principle that the central nervous system employs for achieving versatility and adaptability in motor control. Recent investigations of muscle synergies, motor primitives, compositionality, basic Action concepts, and related work in machine learning have contributed, at different levels, to advance our understanding of the modular architecture underlying rich motor behaviors. However, the existence and nature of the modules comprising the control architecture is far from settled. For instance, regularity and low-dimensionality of the motor output are often taken as an indication of modularity but they could simply be a byproduct of optimization and task constraints. Moreover, what are the relationships between modules at different levels, such as muscle synergies, kinematic invariants, and basic Action concepts? One important reason for the new interest in understanding modularity in motor control from different perspectives is the impressive development in Cognitive robotics. In comparison to animals and humans, the motor skills of today's best robots are limited and inflexible. However, robot technology is maturing to the point at which it can start approximating a reasonable spectrum of different perceptual, Cognitive, and motor capabilities. These advances allow researchers to explore how these motor, sensory, and Cognitive functions might be integrated into meaningful architectures and to test their functional limits. Such systems provide a new test bed to explore different concepts of modularity and to experimentally investigate possible interActions between motor and Cognitive processes. Thus, the goal of this Research Topic is to review, compare, and debate theoretical and experimental studies of the modular organization of the motor control system at different levels. By bringing together researchers seeking to understand the building blocks of coordinating many muscles, planning endpoint and joint trajectories, and representing motor and behavioral Actions in memory we aim at promoting new interActions between often disconnected research areas and approaches and providing a broad perspective on the notion of modularity in motor control.
Paul Sauleau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluating Cognitive Action Control Using Eye-Movement Analysis: An Oculomotor Adaptation of the Simon Task
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Joan Duprez, Jean-françois Houvenaghel, Florian Naudet, Thibaut Dondaine, Manon Auffret, Gabriel Robert, Dominique Drapier, Soizic Argaud, Marc Vérin, Paul SauleauAbstract:Cognitive Action control has been extensively studied using conflict tasks such as the Simon task. In most recent studies, this process has been investigated in the light of the dual route hypothesis and more specifically of the activation-suppression model using distributional analyses. Some authors have suggested that Cognitive Action control assessment is not specific to response modes. In this study we adapted the Simon task, using oculomotor responses instead of manual responses, in order to evaluate whether the resolution of conflict induced by a two-dimensional stimulus yielded similar results to what is usually reported in tasks with manual responses. Results obtained from 43 young healthy participants revealed the typical congruence effect, with longer reAction times (RT) and lesser accuracy in the incongruent condition. Conditional accuracy functions (CAF) also revealed a higher proportion of fast errors in the incongruent condition and delta plots confirmed that conflict resolution was easier, as the time taken to respond increased. These results are very similar to what has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, our observations are in line with the assumptions of the activation-suppression model, in which automatic activation in conflict situations is captured in the fastest responses and selective inhibition of Cognitive Action control needs time to build up. Altogether, our results suggest that conflict resolution has core mechanisms whatever the response mode, manual or oculomotor. Using oculomotor responses in such tasks could be of interest when investigating Cognitive Action control in patients with severe motor disorders