The Experts below are selected from a list of 4338 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Willemien Visser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-élaboration de solutions en conception architecturale et rôle du graphico-gestuel : Point de vue de la psychologie ergonomique [Co-elaborating architectural design solutions and the role of the graphico-gestural: The ergonomic-psychology viewpoint
2009Co-Authors: Willemien VisserAbstract:Cognitive psychologists and ergonomists have proposed various methods for the analysis of individual verbal protocols, but much less for dialogues in collective work settings. Many professional activities, however, are carried out by people working together through verbal interaction. From a perspective of Cognitive Ergonomics, we have developed principles for the analysis of collaborative design, amongst which the COMET method. In the framework of the MOSAIC project, researchers from Cognitive Ergonomics and linguistics have compared analysis methods adopted and results obtained. One of the directions has been to confront the methodological approaches adopted by linguistic interaction analysis and Cognitive Ergonomics to the analysis of the MOSAIC corpus through a twofold analysis of two identical segments of this corpus. The results of this confrontation concern two levels: the data-analysis method (the objects of analysis and the levels of structuring the corpus) and the interpretations adopted by each discipline (especially, the status attributed to a pre-existing theoretical framework). Interestingly, the methodological questions have been not only of a comparative nature: they have influenced also each individual analysis. The Cognitive Ergonomics' analysis indeed has been extended in two directions compared to previous analyses: consideration of interaction's multi-modality and introduction of a finer way to code the design solutions. The present chapter presents the Cognitive Ergonomics' analysis.
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Co-élaboration de solutions et rôle du graphico-gestuel : comparaison méthodologique : bilan de la confrontation [Co-elaborating architectural design solutions and the role of the graphico-gestural: a methodological confrontation: outcome of the meth
2009Co-Authors: Véronique Traverso, Willemien VisserAbstract:Cognitive psychologists and ergonomists have proposed various methods for the analysis of individual verbal protocols, but much less for dialogues in collective work settings. Many professional activities, however, are carried out by people working together through verbal interaction. From a perspective of Cognitive Ergonomics, we have developed principles for the analysis of collaborative design, amongst which the COMET method. In the framework of the MOSAIC project, researchers from Cognitive Ergonomics and linguistics have compared analysis methods adopted and results obtained. One of the directions has been to confront the methodological approaches adopted by linguistic interaction analysis and Cognitive Ergonomics to the analysis of the MOSAIC corpus through a twofold analysis of two identical segments of this corpus. The results of this confrontation concern two levels: the data-analysis method (the objects of analysis and the levels of structuring the corpus) and the interpretations adopted by each discipline (especially, the status attributed to a pre-existing theoretical framework). Interestingly, the methodological questions have been not only of a comparative nature: they have influenced also each individual analysis. The Cognitive Ergonomics' analysis indeed has been extended in two directions compared to previous analyses: consideration of interaction's multi-modality and introduction of a finer way to code the design solutions. The present chapter presents the conclusions of the confrontation between the two approaches.
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5.1 Co-élaboration de solutions et rôle du graphico-gestuel : comparaison méthodologique. Introduction : deux méthodologies à l'épreuve d'un même corpus
2009Co-Authors: Véronique Traverso, Willemien VisserAbstract:Cognitive psychologists and ergonomists have proposed various methods for the analysis of individual verbal protocols, but much less for dialogues in collective work settings. Many professional activities, however, are carried out by people working together through verbal interaction. From a perspective of Cognitive Ergonomics, we have developed principles for the analysis of collaborative design, amongst which the COMET method. In the framework of the MOSAIC project, researchers from Cognitive Ergonomics and linguistics have compared analysis methods adopted and results obtained. One of the directions has been to confront the methodological approaches adopted by linguistic interaction analysis and Cognitive Ergonomics to the analysis of the MOSAIC corpus through a twofold analysis of two identical segments of this corpus. The results of this confrontation concern two levels: the data-analysis method (the objects of analysis and the levels of structuring the corpus) and the interpretations adopted by each discipline (especially, the status attributed to a pre-existing theoretical framework). Interestingly, the methodological questions have been not only of a comparative nature: they have influenced also each individual analysis. The Cognitive Ergonomics' analysis indeed has been extended in two directions compared to previous analyses: consideration of interaction's multi-modality and introduction of a finer way to code the design solutions. The present chapter is the introduction to the two analysis and the confrontation between the two.
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Cognitive Effort in Collective Software Design: Methodological Perspectives in Cognitive Ergonomics
2003Co-Authors: Françoise Détienne, Jean-marie Burkhardt, Willemien VisserAbstract:Empirical software engineering is concerned with measuring, or estimating, both the effort put into the software process and the quality of its product. We defend the idea that measuring process effort and product quality and establishing a relation between the two cannot be performed without a model of Cognitive and collective activities involved in software design, and without measurement of these activities. This is the object of our field, i.e. Cognitive Ergonomics of design. After a brief presentation of its theoretical and methodological foundations, we will discuss a Cognitive approach to design activities and its potential to provide new directions in ESE. Then we will present and discuss an illustration of the methodological directions we have proposed for the analysis and measurement of Cognitive activities in the context of collective software design. The two situations analysed are technical review meetings, and Request For Comments-like procedures in Open Source Software design.
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Dynamic aspects of individual design activities. A Cognitive Ergonomics viewpoint
2003Co-Authors: Willemien VisserAbstract:This paper focuses on the use of knowledge possessed by designers. Data collection was based on observations (by the Cognitive Ergonomics researcher) and simultaneous verbalisations (by the designers) in empirical studies conducted in the context of industrial design projects. The contribution of this research is typical of Cognitive Ergonomics, in that it provides data on actual activities implemented by designers in their actual work situation (rather than on prescribed and/or idealised processes and methods). Data presented concern global strategies (the way in which designers actually organise their activity) and local strategies (reuse in design). Results from Cognitive Ergonomics and other research that challenges the way in which people are supposed to work with existing systems are generally not received warmly. Abundant corroboration of such results is required before industry may consider taking them into account. The opportunistic organisation of design activity is taken here as an example of this reluctance. The results concerning this aspect of design have been verified repeatedly, but only prototypes and experimental systems implementing some of the requirements formulated on their basis, are under development.
Anke Dittmar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rethinking Cognitive Ergonomics
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2019Co-Authors: Dianne M Murray, Gerrit C Van Der Veer, Geert De Haan, Anke DittmarAbstract:The goal of this one-day workshop will be to revisit what is meant by Cognitive Ergonomics by bringing together researchers and practitioners who have an interest in carrying forward CE as a meaningful discipline.
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ECCE - Rethinking Cognitive Ergonomics
Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics - ECCE 2019, 2019Co-Authors: Dianne M Murray, Gerrit C Van Der Veer, Geert De Haan, Anke DittmarAbstract:The goal of this one-day workshop will be to revisit what is meant by Cognitive Ergonomics by bringing together researchers and practitioners who have an interest in carrying forward CE as a meaningful discipline.
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the role of Cognitive Ergonomics in interaction design addressing advances in hci
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2016Co-Authors: Geert De Haan, Anke DittmarAbstract:Cognitive Ergonomics has always been concerned with the Cognitive and user aspects of using computer systems to operate and control production systems such as industrial installations, Air Traffic Control and office systems. The introduction of computer systems outside the traditional application areas poses challenges to Cognitive Ergonomics and we need to adapt our design approaches and practices to the newly emerging interaction techniques and the expanding application context of HCI systems. User centred and interaction design methods focus on the isolated use of the design product, even though that product will only be a part of a complete working environment or context of use. In this workshop, we invite researchers, educators and practitioners to reconsider the role of Cognitive Ergonomics within the design of HCI systems.
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ECCE - The Role of Cognitive Ergonomics in Interaction Design, Addressing Advances in HCI
Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics - ECCE '16, 2016Co-Authors: Geert De Haan, Anke DittmarAbstract:Cognitive Ergonomics has always been concerned with the Cognitive and user aspects of using computer systems to operate and control production systems such as industrial installations, Air Traffic Control and office systems. The introduction of computer systems outside the traditional application areas poses challenges to Cognitive Ergonomics and we need to adapt our design approaches and practices to the newly emerging interaction techniques and the expanding application context of HCI systems. User centred and interaction design methods focus on the isolated use of the design product, even though that product will only be a part of a complete working environment or context of use. In this workshop, we invite researchers, educators and practitioners to reconsider the role of Cognitive Ergonomics within the design of HCI systems.
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Cognition, technology, and work: special issue on Cognitive Ergonomics for designing collaborative activities
Cognition Technology & Work, 2012Co-Authors: Anke Dittmar, Peter ForbrigAbstract:This special issue presents six papers organized by the theme: ‘‘Cognitive Ergonomics for Designing Collaborative Activities’’. Originally, the focus of Cognitive Ergonomics has been on the performance of single users, on understanding their Cognitive abilities, needs and preferences while interacting with machines and computers. Human activities are inherently collaborative, though, and in the past two decades, the field has gradually broadened its perspective on the analysis and the design of work systems, tasks and supporting technology. It is common ground now that designing for use requires a deep understanding of collaborative aspects and of appropriation processes of artefacts in complex social settings. The special issue on collaboration in context: Cognitive and organizational artefacts, published by Cognition, Technology and Work in 2005 (Jones et al. 2005) is an example of reflecting this development that was supported by close interaction with other disciplines such as human–computer interaction (HCI), Cognitive psychology, information science, sociology and organizational sciences. The mutual exchange of knowledge and ideas is also visible in the contributions of this issue. Design interventions inevitably change work practices as artefacts shape cognition and collaboration (Woods 1998). New tools, representations or organizational structures make some of the existing obsolete and require an adaptation of skills and knowledge. Their appropriation not only changes forms of collaboration but also—at a deeper level—relationships between the participants (e.g. power relations). The effects of design activities, whether they are intended or not, need to be reflected within the particular problem setting and at a more general level to improve the design understanding for the future. The theme of this special issue is not new, but it requires ongoing attention. The current issue provides studies that contribute to a more detailed picture of the diverse forms of human activities and how they are or could be mediated by technology. It is mainly a selection of extended versions of papers presented at the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011 which went through an additional reviewing process to be accepted for this special issue.
Cedo Savic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the occupational stress index an approach derived from Cognitive Ergonomics applicable to clinical practice
Scandinavian journal of work environment & health. Supplement, 2008Co-Authors: Karen Belkic, Cedo SavicAbstract:The occupational stress index is an additive-burden model that incorporates key aspects of the leading sociological work-stressor models, but was developed from a Cognitive Ergonomics perspective. The index bridges the gap between two divergent approaches in occupational psychosocial research via occupation-specific instruments (for professional drivers, physicians, teachers, and the like). These are mutually compatible within the theoretical framework of the index, allowing between-occupation comparisons, but are more operationalized than generic instruments. They are thereby especially helpful for identifying key modifiable stressors in a given work environment. Among the salient empirical findings using the index are significant within-group associations between work-stressor burden and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as lifestyle-related risk factors for cancer and CVD. The index is of clinical value, helping physicians incorporate the workplace into diagnostic and management strategies. The perspectives via the index are presented for developing evidence-based return-to-work guidelines for patients with cancer, CVD, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Virpi Kalakoski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of a Cognitive Ergonomics workplace intervention (CogErg) on Cognitive strain and well-being: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. A study protocol
BMC Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Virpi Kalakoski, Sanna Selinheimo, Teppo Valtonen, Jarno Turunen, Sari Käpykangas, Hilkka Ylisassi, Pauliina Toivio, Heli Järnefelt, Heli Hannonen, Teemu PaajanenAbstract:Background Cognitively straining conditions such as disruptions, interruptions, and information overload are related to impaired task performance and diminished well-being at work. It is therefore essential that we reduce their harmful consequences to individual employees and organizations. Our intervention study implements practices for managing the Cognitive strain typical to office work tasks and working conditions in offices. We will examine the effects of a Cognitive Ergonomics intervention on working conditions, workflow, well-being, and productivity. Methods/design The study is a stratified cluster randomized trial. The clusters are work units, for example, teams or offices. The four participating organizations entered a total of 36 clusters, and we invited all 1169 knowledge employees of these units to participate. We randomly allocated the clusters into an intervention group (Cognitive Ergonomics) or an active control group (recovery supporting). We invited an additional 471 participants to join a passive control group only for baseline and follow-up measurements, with no intervention. The study consists of a baseline survey and interviews and observations at the workplace, followed by an intervention. It starts with a workshop defining the specific actions for the intervention implementation stage, during which we send task reminder questionnaires to all employees to support behaviour change at the individual and team levels. The primary outcome measure is perceived frequency of Cognitive strain from working conditions; the secondary outcome measures include subjective Cognitive load, well-being, workflow/productivity, and Cognitive stress symptoms. Process evaluation uses the quantitative and qualitative data obtained during the implementation and evaluation phases. The baseline measurements, intervention phase, and end-of-treatment measurements are now complete, and follow-up will continue until November 2019. Discussion There is a need to expand the research of Cognitive strain, which poses a considerable risk to work performance and employee well-being in Cognitively demanding tasks. Our study will provide new information about factors that contribute to such strain. Most importantly, the results will show which evidence-based Cognitive ergonomic practices support work performance in knowledge work, and the project will provide concrete examples of how to improve at work. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03573674. Registered 29 June 2018.
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Effects of a Cognitive Ergonomics workplace intervention (CogErg) on Cognitive strain and well-being: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. A study protocol
BMC Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Virpi Kalakoski, Sanna Selinheimo, Teppo Valtonen, Jarno Turunen, Sari Käpykangas, Hilkka Ylisassi, Pauliina Toivio, Heli Järnefelt, Heli Hannonen, Teemu PaajanenAbstract:Cognitively straining conditions such as disruptions, interruptions, and information overload are related to impaired task performance and diminished well-being at work. It is therefore essential that we reduce their harmful consequences to individual employees and organizations. Our intervention study implements practices for managing the Cognitive strain typical to office work tasks and working conditions in offices. We will examine the effects of a Cognitive Ergonomics intervention on working conditions, workflow, well-being, and productivity. The study is a stratified cluster randomized trial. The clusters are work units, for example, teams or offices. The four participating organizations entered a total of 36 clusters, and we invited all 1169 knowledge employees of these units to participate. We randomly allocated the clusters into an intervention group (Cognitive Ergonomics) or an active control group (recovery supporting). We invited an additional 471 participants to join a passive control group only for baseline and follow-up measurements, with no intervention. The study consists of a baseline survey and interviews and observations at the workplace, followed by an intervention. It starts with a workshop defining the specific actions for the intervention implementation stage, during which we send task reminder questionnaires to all employees to support behaviour change at the individual and team levels. The primary outcome measure is perceived frequency of Cognitive strain from working conditions; the secondary outcome measures include subjective Cognitive load, well-being, workflow/productivity, and Cognitive stress symptoms. Process evaluation uses the quantitative and qualitative data obtained during the implementation and evaluation phases. The baseline measurements, intervention phase, and end-of-treatment measurements are now complete, and follow-up will continue until November 2019. There is a need to expand the research of Cognitive strain, which poses a considerable risk to work performance and employee well-being in Cognitively demanding tasks. Our study will provide new information about factors that contribute to such strain. Most importantly, the results will show which evidence-based Cognitive ergonomic practices support work performance in knowledge work, and the project will provide concrete examples of how to improve at work. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03573674. Registered 29 June 2018.
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Cognitive Ergonomics for data analysis
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2019Co-Authors: Virpi Kalakoski, Andreas Henelius, Emilia Oikarinen, Antti Ukkonen, Kai PuolamakiAbstract:Today's ever-increasing amount of data places new demands on Cognitive Ergonomics and requires new design ideas to ensure successful human–data interaction. Our aim is to identify the Cognitive factors that require attention when designing systems to improve decision-making based on large amounts of data. We designed an experiment that simulates the typical Cognitive demands people encounter in data analysis situations. We demonstrate some essential Cognitive limitations using a behavioural experiment with 20 participants. The studied task presented the participants with critical and noncritical attributes that contained information on two groups of people. They had to select the response option (group) with a higher frequency of critical attributes. The results showed that accuracy of judgement decreased as the amount of information increased, and that judgement was affected by irrelevant information. Our results thus demonstrate critical Cognitive limitations when people utilise data and suggest a Cognitive bias in data-based decision-making. Therefore, when designing for cognition, we should consider the human Cognitive limitations that are manifested in a data analysis context and develop general Cognitive Ergonomics guidelines for design to support the utilisation of data and improve data-based decision-making.
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ECCE - Cognitive Ergonomics for data analysis
Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics - ECCE 2019, 2019Co-Authors: Virpi Kalakoski, Andreas Henelius, Emilia Oikarinen, Antti Ukkonen, Kai PuolamakiAbstract:Today's ever-increasing amount of data places new demands on Cognitive Ergonomics and requires new design ideas to ensure successful human–data interaction. Our aim is to identify the Cognitive factors that require attention when designing systems to improve decision-making based on large amounts of data. We designed an experiment that simulates the typical Cognitive demands people encounter in data analysis situations. We demonstrate some essential Cognitive limitations using a behavioural experiment with 20 participants. The studied task presented the participants with critical and noncritical attributes that contained information on two groups of people. They had to select the response option (group) with a higher frequency of critical attributes. The results showed that accuracy of judgement decreased as the amount of information increased, and that judgement was affected by irrelevant information. Our results thus demonstrate critical Cognitive limitations when people utilise data and suggest a Cognitive bias in data-based decision-making. Therefore, when designing for cognition, we should consider the human Cognitive limitations that are manifested in a data analysis context and develop general Cognitive Ergonomics guidelines for design to support the utilisation of data and improve data-based decision-making.
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Cognitive Ergonomics for data analysis. Experimental study of Cognitive limitations in a data-based judgement task
Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Virpi Kalakoski, Andreas Henelius, Emilia Oikarinen, Antti Ukkonen, Kai PuolamakiAbstract:Today’s ever-increasing amount of data places new demands on Cognitive Ergonomics and requires new design ideas to ensure successful human–data interaction. Our aim was to identify the Cognitive fa...
H. Cormican - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ECCE - A Web-based Human Computer Interaction Audit Tool to Support Collaborative Cognitive Ergonomics Within Interaction Design
Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics - ECCE '16, 2016Co-Authors: Megan Patterson, Fiona Mcmahon, Pauric Mcgowan, K. Cowan, Maurice Mulvenna, C. Reid, Raymond Bond, H. CormicanAbstract:There are many user interface design and development principles within the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). When implementing a project, it can often be difficult to ensure that these design principles are being considered and that a positive user experience is being achieved. This paper outlines the proposition of an interactive HCI audit tool designed to aid in the adherence to various key HCI principles during the interactive design process. It is also anticipated that this tool will enhance Cognitive Ergonomics within the field of interaction design by assimilating existing knowledge into prototypes for practical usage. Additionally, the tool should support team-based collaboration in working towards human-computer systems that provide a quality user experience.
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a web based human computer interaction audit tool to support collaborative Cognitive Ergonomics within interaction design
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 2016Co-Authors: Megan Patterson, Fiona Mcmahon, Pauric Mcgowan, K. Cowan, Maurice Mulvenna, C. Reid, Raymond Bond, H. CormicanAbstract:There are many user interface design and development principles within the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). When implementing a project, it can often be difficult to ensure that these design principles are being considered and that a positive user experience is being achieved. This paper outlines the proposition of an interactive HCI audit tool designed to aid in the adherence to various key HCI principles during the interactive design process. It is also anticipated that this tool will enhance Cognitive Ergonomics within the field of interaction design by assimilating existing knowledge into prototypes for practical usage. Additionally, the tool should support team-based collaboration in working towards human-computer systems that provide a quality user experience.