The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dana Blander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia and Staff Rejection
Schizophrenia bulletin, 1999Co-Authors: Uriel Heresco-levy, Marina Ermilov, Bronia Giltsinsky, Michael Lichtenstein, Dana BlanderAbstract:This study examined the relationship between characteristics of patients suffering from treatment-refractory schizophrenia and staff rejection and criticism. Subjects were 30 inpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the 29 staff members treating them. Measures included assessment of the patients' symptoms and aggression risk profile using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and assessment of staff attitudes toward these patients using the Patient Rejection Scale (PRS). Nursing staff completed the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE). PRS ratings did not correlate with patients' demographic and treatment characteristics. Significant correlations existed, however, between increased staff rejection and higher scores for PANSS Cognitive Factor and NOSIE manifest psychosis Factor. Negative symptoms, although preponderant in the patient sample, were not significant predictors of staff rejection on the PRS. Older nursing staff tended to view patients as more irritable and manifestly psychotic. These findings suggest that disorganized behavior and impaired cognition dysfunction areas are more likely to be associated with high levels of rejection among staff working with treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Incorporation of the relatively new concepts of Cognitive dysfunction and treatment resistance in staff training programs and multidisciplinary team reviews may greatly benefit schizophrenia patients and the staff treating them.
Antonio Lobo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Are negative symptoms really related to cognition in schizophrenia
Psychiatry research, 2015Co-Authors: Alexandra Bagney, M Moreno-ortega, M A Jimenez-arriero, Antonio Lobo, Mónica Dompablo, Javier Santabárbara, Tomás Palomo, Roberto Rodriguez-jimenezAbstract:Previous studies have generally found a relationship between negative and Cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. The present study investigated the relationship between the 5 PANSS Factors of a recent consensus model developed by NIMH researchers, and Cognitive performance as assessed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in 80 patients with schizophrenia using correlation and regression analyses. The PANSS Cognitive Factor showed a small to moderate significant association with MCCB Speed of processing, Working memory, Verbal learning, the NeuroCognitive composite score, and the Overall composite score. Notably, however, no relationship was found between the PANSS Negative Factor and any of the MCCB scores. The Positive, Excited and Depressed Factors also did not show associations with the MCCB. These results highlight the need for refined assessment instruments and support the relative independence of cognition from other domains of psychopathology, including negative symptoms, in patients with schizophrenia.
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cognition and the five Factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Research, 2013Co-Authors: Roberto Rodriguezjimenez, Alexandra Bagney, Laura Mezquita, Isabel Martinezgras, Eva Maria Sanchezmorla, Natalia Mesa, Justo Diezmartin, Miguelangel Jimenezarriero, M.i. Ibáñez, Antonio LoboAbstract:Abstract Different exploratory and confirmatory Factorial analyses of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) have found a number of Factors other than the original positive, negative, and general psychopathology. Based on a review of previous studies and using confirmatory Factor analyses (CFA), Wallwork et al. (Schizophr Res 2012; 137: 246–250) have recently proposed a consensus five-Factor structure of the PANSS. This solution includes a Cognitive Factor which could be a useful measure of cognition in schizophrenia. Our objectives were 1) to study the psychometric properties (Factorial structure and reliability) of this consensus five-Factor model of the PANSS, and 2) to study the relationship between executive performance assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the proposed PANSS consensus Cognitive Factor (composed by items P2-N5-G11). This cross-sectional study included a final sample of 201 Spanish outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. For our first objective, CFA was performed and Cronbach's alphas of the five Factors were calculated; for the second objective, sequential linear regression analyses were used. The results of the CFA showed acceptable fit indices (NNFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.08). Cronbach's alphas of the five Factors were adequate. Regression analyses showed that this five-Factor model of the PANSS explained more of the WCST variance than the classical three-Factor model. Moreover, higher Cognitive Factor scores were associated with worse WCST performance. These results supporting its Factorial structure and reliability provide robustness to this consensus PANSS five-Factor model, and indicate some usefulness of the Cognitive Factor in the clinical assessment of schizophrenic patients.
Anastassios Stalikas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Grit in Education: A Systematic Review
Psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Maria Christopoulou, Agathi Lakioti, Christos Pezirkianidis, Eirini Karakasidou, Anastassios StalikasAbstract:Grit is a non-Cognitive Factor that has received increased attention lately, since research indicates that it plays a significant role in successful outcomes in many fields, and more specifically in education. Grit is rooted in two facets, perseverance of effort and consistency of interest, captured by the Grit Scale. The current systematic review aimed at investigating the association of grit with positive educational outcomes, by exploring both antecedents and outcomes of grit. We identified 29 studies assessing grit in an educational context, published between 2012 and 2017. The primary findings demonstrated that grit shows weak to moderate correlations with educational variables. Its two facets play different roles, with perseverance being a stronger positive predictor of academic performance. Finally, positive variables, such as hope, positive affect and family relationships can foster grit. However, a deeper understanding of the grit construct is essential to distinguish it from facets of the conscientiousness dimension of personality. The usefulness of findings for policy makers and education professionals is discussed, as well as the importance of reinforcing grit in the educational community in order to nurture character in students and enhance their potential.
Uriel Heresco-levy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia and Staff Rejection
Schizophrenia bulletin, 1999Co-Authors: Uriel Heresco-levy, Marina Ermilov, Bronia Giltsinsky, Michael Lichtenstein, Dana BlanderAbstract:This study examined the relationship between characteristics of patients suffering from treatment-refractory schizophrenia and staff rejection and criticism. Subjects were 30 inpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the 29 staff members treating them. Measures included assessment of the patients' symptoms and aggression risk profile using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and assessment of staff attitudes toward these patients using the Patient Rejection Scale (PRS). Nursing staff completed the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE). PRS ratings did not correlate with patients' demographic and treatment characteristics. Significant correlations existed, however, between increased staff rejection and higher scores for PANSS Cognitive Factor and NOSIE manifest psychosis Factor. Negative symptoms, although preponderant in the patient sample, were not significant predictors of staff rejection on the PRS. Older nursing staff tended to view patients as more irritable and manifestly psychotic. These findings suggest that disorganized behavior and impaired cognition dysfunction areas are more likely to be associated with high levels of rejection among staff working with treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Incorporation of the relatively new concepts of Cognitive dysfunction and treatment resistance in staff training programs and multidisciplinary team reviews may greatly benefit schizophrenia patients and the staff treating them.
K C Burns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wild psychometrics evidence for general Cognitive performance in wild new zealand robins petroica longipes
Animal Behaviour, 2015Co-Authors: Rachael C Shaw, Neeltje J Boogert, Nicola S Clayton, K C BurnsAbstract:In human psychometric testing, individuals' scores in tests of diverse Cognitive processes are positively correlated, with a ‘general intelligence’ Factor (g) typically accounting for at least 40% of total variance. Individual differences in Cognitive ability have been extensively studied in humans, yet they have received far less attention in nonhuman animals. In particular, the development of a test battery suitable for quantifying individual Cognitive performance in birds remains in its infancy. Additionally, implementing this approach in the wild, where the ecological significance of cognition can also be explored, presents considerable logistical challenges for most species. We developed a Cognitive test battery for wild New Zealand North Island robins. Our battery comprised six tasks based on established measures of avian Cognitive performance: a motor task, colour and shape discrimination, reversal learning, spatial memory and inhibitory control. Robins varied greatly in their ability to solve these tasks and we found weakly positive, nonsignificant correlations between most tasks. A principal components analysis of task performances yielded two Factors with eigenvalues >1. The first component extracted explained over 34% of the variance in Cognitive performance and all six tasks loaded positively on this first component. We show, using randomization tests, that these results are robust. Our results thus suggest that a general Cognitive Factor, analogous to human g, underpins Cognitive performance in wild North Island robins tested in their natural habitat.