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David J. A. Dozois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Core Beliefs, Self-Perception, and Cognitive Organization in Depressed Adolescents
International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2012Co-Authors: David J. A. Dozois, Julie A. Eichstedt, Kerry A. Collins, Elizabeth Phoenix, Kimberly E. HarrisAbstract:The relationships between Cognitive products (e.g., self-perception) and Cognitive structure (or Organization) in clinically depressed adolescents and nonpsychiatric controls (average age = 14.68) were examined. Adolescents with major depressive disorder showed significantly higher scores than did controls on the Young Schema Questionnaire domains of Disconnection, Impaired Autonomy, and Impaired Limits. These individuals also demonstrated poorer self-concept than controls on scholastic abilities, social acceptance, athletic competence, physical appearance, job competence, behavioral conduct, and global self-worth, as well as perceptions of limited social networks. The Organization of self-referent adjectives was more tightly interconnected for negative content and less interconnected for positive content in depressed adolescents than in nonpsychiatric controls. Specificity of Cognitive Organization to themes of interpersonal and achievement beliefs/self-perceptions was also found, particularly for positi...
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Cognitive Organization, Perceptions of Parenting and Depression Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2011Co-Authors: Margaret N. Lumley, David J. A. Dozois, K. H. Hennig, A. MarshAbstract:Despite its strong relation to depression and theorized development across childhood and adolescence, Cognitive schema Organization has not been explored in early adolescence, a sensitive developmental period for first depression onset. Schema Organization is theorized to derive from childhood Cognitive internalizations of caregiving relationships, such as critical parenting experiences (e.g., Young et al. in Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press, New York, 2003). Thus, the current investigation considers the Organization of positive and negative schemas with youth’s perceptions of parental warmth and psychological control and self-reported emotional functioning. Participants were 198 boys and girls aged 9–14 years who completed the Psychological Distance Scaling Task, measures of perceptions of parenting behaviors, anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, higher depression, but not anxiety symptoms were associated with a loosely-interconnected positive schema Organization and a tightly-interconnected negative schema Organization. Parental responsiveness emerged as the strongest predictor of negative schema structure. Implications for Cognitive-developmental theories of depression and early identification of depression risk are discussed.
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Prospective evaluation of a Cognitive vulnerability‐stress model for depression: the interaction of schema self‐structures and negative life events
Journal of clinical psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Pamela M. Seeds, David J. A. DozoisAbstract:This study tested the diathesis-stress component of Beck's (1967) Cognitive theory of depression. Initially, participants completed measures assessing Cognitive Organization of the self-schema and depressive symptoms. One year later, participants completed measures assessing Cognitive Organization of the self-schema, depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for initial depression, indicated that more tightly interconnected negative content was associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of life events. More diffusely interconnected positive content for interpersonal self-referent information also interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Cognitive Organization dimensions showed moderate to high stability across the follow-up, suggesting that they may be trait-like vulnerability factors. Implications for the Cognitive vulnerability-stress model of depression are discussed.
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Cognitive Organization of self schematic content in nondysphoric mildly dysphoric and moderately severely dysphoric individuals
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2002Co-Authors: David J. A. DozoisAbstract:This study investigated the frequency of automatic thoughts and the Organization of adjective content in nondysphoric (n = 30), mildly dysphoric (n = 29), and moderately to severely dysphoric (n = 19) undergraduate females. Participants completed measures of depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, positive and negative automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes. They were subsequently administered a computer-based task, designed to assess the Cognitive Organization among positive and negative self-referent adjectives. The Cognitive Organizational task correlated in expected directions with the self-report measures, thus supporting the validity of this task. Significant differences were found across all groups on both positive and negative automatic thoughts. There was also evidence of a deterioration of positive interconnectedness, on the Cognitive Organizational task, beginning in mild dysphoria and worsening in moderate to severe dysphoria. The severely dysphoric group also demonstrated significantly greater interconnectedness of negative content than did nondysphoric persons, but no notable differences were found between the dysphoric groups. The relationship of these findings to the information processing literature is addressed, and recommendations for future research highlighted.
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Cognitive Organization of Self-Schematic Content in Nondysphoric, Mildly Dysphoric, and Moderately–Severely Dysphoric Individuals
Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2002Co-Authors: David J. A. DozoisAbstract:This study investigated the frequency of automatic thoughts and the Organization of adjective content in nondysphoric (n = 30), mildly dysphoric (n = 29), and moderately to severely dysphoric (n = 19) undergraduate females. Participants completed measures of depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, positive and negative automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes. They were subsequently administered a computer-based task, designed to assess the Cognitive Organization among positive and negative self-referent adjectives. The Cognitive Organizational task correlated in expected directions with the self-report measures, thus supporting the validity of this task. Significant differences were found across all groups on both positive and negative automatic thoughts. There was also evidence of a deterioration of positive interconnectedness, on the Cognitive Organizational task, beginning in mild dysphoria and worsening in moderate to severe dysphoria. The severely dysphoric group also demonstrated significantly greater interconnectedness of negative content than did nondysphoric persons, but no notable differences were found between the dysphoric groups. The relationship of these findings to the information processing literature is addressed, and recommendations for future research highlighted.
Steven M Silverstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is disOrganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: evidence of covariation of perceptual and Cognitive Organization in a non-patient sample.
Psychiatry research, 2014Co-Authors: Keith A Feigenson, Michael A Gara, Matthew W Roché, Steven M SilversteinAbstract:A subgroup of people with schizophrenia is characterized by reduced Organization in perception, thought, language, and motor functioning, and these impairments covary significantly. While this may reflect multiple expressions of an illness-related core processing impairment, it may also represent the extreme end of an Organization-disOrganization dimension that is found throughout the general population. In this view, disOrganization is a modifying influence on illness expression. To obtain preliminary information on this hypothesis, we examined covariation of perceptual and Cognitive Organization in a non-patient sample. Subjects completed a battery of perceptual tasks with demonstrated sensitivity to schizophrenia and disOrganization, and a battery of questionnaires examining Cognitive Organization. Our results indicated that level of perceptual Organization ability, across multiple tasks, was associated with self-reported levels of Cognitive Organization on multiple measures. This is thus preliminary evidence for a common process affecting perceptual and Cognitive Organization in the general population, suggesting that disOrganization may reflect a modifying influence mechanism, instead of an illness-related process, in schizophrenia.
Alan Page Fiske - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Implicit relationship prototypes: Investigating five theories of the Cognitive Organization of social relationships
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1992Co-Authors: Nick Haslam, Alan Page FiskeAbstract:Abstract Categorical approaches have been fruitfully applied to many domains of social cognition. However the domain of social relationships has yet to receive such attention, despite a number of prominent categorical theories of the elementary forms of relationship. This article reports a study comparing the mappings of five disparate theories of basic categories of relationship onto subjects' implicit Organizations of their own relationships, elicited by free sorting and similarity rating tasks, and explores the interrelations among these theories. The theories compared were Fiske's theory of relational models, Foa and Foa's theory of resource exchange, Parsons' theory of role expectations, Mills and Clark's theory of communal and exchange relationships, and MacCrimmon and Messick's theory of social motives or orientations. Categories from the five theories were found to form several discrete clusters. The first three theories were superior predictors of implicit groupings, and six of their categories correspond most closely to the observed groupings. Implications are drawn about the Organization and basic level of relational prototypes, about the omissions and strengths of the respective theories, and about the optimal structure of an empirically informed typology of elementary implicit relational forms.
Richard D. Ashmore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thinking about gender types: Cognitive Organization of female and male types
British Journal of Social Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Roos Vonk, Richard D. AshmoreAbstract:We examined the content and dimensional structure of a large and representative sample of gender types. In Study 1, using an open-ended procedure, participants generated 306 different labels for female types (e.g. housewife, feminist, femme fatale, secretary, slob) and 310 for male types (e.g. workaholic, family man, sissy, womanizer, labourer). In Study 2A, a multidimensional configuration of 229 of these male and female types was derived from a free sorting task among a new set of participants. In Study 2B, a subset of types was judged on several dimensions of meaning, which were then fitted into the configuration of types. The most important dimensions in describing the structure of gender types were: young-old, masculine-feminine and traditional-modern. The masculine-feminine dimension showed that the male and female types were largely separated from each other; within each gender category, the types were ordered by their position on the masculine-feminine dimension. Several other aspects of current thinking about men and women are discussed.
Keith S. Dobson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Information processing and Cognitive Organization in unipolar depression: specificity and comorbidity issues.
Journal of abnormal psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David J. A. Dozois, Keith S. DobsonAbstract:This study investigated information processing and Cognitive Organization in clinical depression. The specificity of various Cognitive mechanisms to depression was also examined. Twenty-six depressed/ anxious individuals, 24 pure depressives, 25 never-depressed anxious controls, and 25 nonpsychiatric controls completed a modified Stroop task, the Self-Referent Encoding Task, and two tasks designed to assess Cognitive structure. Comorbid depressedlanxious, depressed, and anxious groups performed similarly to one another but differed significantly from nonpsychiatric controls, on the processing and Organization of negative content. Specificity to depression was also obtained, as both depressed groups endorsed and recalled less positive information and organized positive self-relevant information with less interconnectedness than anxious individuals and nonpsychiatric controls. These results suggest that depressed individuals have an interconnected negative self-representational system and lack a well-organized positive template of self. These findings are discussed in terms of Cognitive models of depression and the tripartite model of depression and anxiety.
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A longitudinal investigation of information processing and Cognitive Organization in clinical depression: stability of schematic interconnectedness.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David J. A. Dozois, Keith S. DobsonAbstract:This study longitudinally investigated information processing and Cognitive Organization in clinical depression. The main hypothesis was that individuals whose depression had remitted would show a significant Cognitive shift on information processing (e.g., deactivation of negative processing) but not on Cognitive Organizational tasks, Forty-five individuals with clinical depression completed 2 information processing and 2 Cognitive Organizational tasks at initial assessment. At 6-month follow-up, the sample (23 remitted, 22 stable depressed) was readministered the tasks. As expected, information processing shifted significantly in individuals who had improved symptomatically, whereas negative Cognitive Organizational indices remained stable. The implications of these results are discussed as they pertain to the Cognitive vulnerability, maintenance, treatment, and recurrence of depression. Directions for future research are suggested.