The Experts below are selected from a list of 40254 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Granholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sleep deprivation and compensatory Cognitive effort on a visual information processing task
Sleep, 2021Co-Authors: Molly J Sullan, Sean P A Drummond, Eric GranholmAbstract:Study objectives Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is often associated with worse performance on tasks of attention and working memory, but some studies show no performance changes. One possibility is that greater compensatory Cognitive effort is put forth to achieve similar results after TSD. We aimed to better understand the relationship between TSD, Cognitive engagement, and performance outcomes following TSD. Methods Twenty healthy adults completed Cognitive testing following a night of normal sleep and again after ~55 hours of TSD. Participants detected target letters in low (3-item) and high (10-item) load visual letter displays on the span of apprehension task with concurrent pupillometry, a measure of Cognitive effort. Results We found significantly poorer detection accuracy and marginally longer response times following TSD across both arrays. In both arrays, significantly greater preparatory pupillary responses were found just prior to array onset. There was also a significant session by array interaction for pupillary responses, such that significantly greater dilation was found for the 3-letter array after TSD, while a nonsignificant decline in dilation was found following the 10-letter array after TSD. Conclusions These results suggest a complex relationship between attentional control and Cognitive Resource allocation following TSD. Sleep-deprived individuals may allocate more compensatory Cognitive effort to easier tasks but choose to disengage from more challenging Cognitive tasks that have little perceived reward or probability of success to preserve diminishing Cognitive Resources. More work is needed to better delineate the underlying neurological systems involved in these processing load-dependent attentional control mechanisms after TSD.
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sleep deprivation and compensatory Cognitive effort on a visual information processing task
Sleep, 2020Co-Authors: Molly J Sullan, Sean P A Drummond, Eric GranholmAbstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is often associated with worse performance on tasks of attention and working memory, but some studies show no performance changes. One possibility is that greater compensatory Cognitive effort is put forth to achieve similar results after TSD. We aimed to better understand the relationship between TSD, Cognitive engagement, and performance outcomes following TSD. METHODS 20 healthy adults completed Cognitive testing following a night of normal sleep and again after ~55 hours of TSD. Participants detected target letters in low (3-item) and high (10-item) load visual letter displays on the span of apprehension task with concurrent pupillometry, a measure of Cognitive effort. RESULTS We found significantly poorer detection accuracy and marginally longer response times following TSD across both arrays. In both arrays, significantly greater preparatory pupillary responses were found just prior to array onset. There was also a significant session by array interaction for pupillary responses, such that significantly greater dilation was found for the 3-letter array after TSD, while a nonsignificant decline in dilation was found following the 10-letter array after TSD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a complex relationship between attentional control and Cognitive Resource allocation following TSD. Sleep deprived individuals may allocate more compensatory Cognitive effort to easier tasks but choose to disengage from more challenging Cognitive tasks that have little perceived reward or probability of success to preserve diminishing Cognitive Resources. More work is needed to better delineate the underlying neurological systems involved in these processing load-dependent attentional control mechanisms after TSD.
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pupillary responses index Cognitive Resource limitations
Psychophysiology, 1996Co-Authors: Eric Granholm, Robert F Asarnow, Andrew J Sarkin, Karen L DykesAbstract:Cognitive task-evoked pupillary responses reliably index information-processing loads. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the nature of the pupillary response when processing demands approach or exceed available processing Resources. This condition was examined in 22 normal undergraduates by using pupillometric recordings during a digit span recall task, with 5 (low load), 9 (moderate load), and 13 (excessive load) digits per string. Pupillary responses increased systematically with increased processing load (to-be-recalled digits) until the limit of available Resources (memory capacity of 7 ± 2 digits), when they reached asymptote and then declined with Resource overload (>9 digits). These findings suggest that pupillary responses increase systematically with increased processing demands that are below Resource limits, change little during active processing at or near Resource limits, and begin to decline when processing demands exceed available Resources.
Patrick J Hurley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ego depletion and auditors busy season
Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:ABSTRACT: This study examines the impact of busy season on auditors through ego depletion theory. Ego depletion theory posits that using self-control depletes a Cognitive Resource and decreases the ability to exercise self-control on subsequent tasks, which can decrease judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Using a within-subjects quasi-experiment, I compare self-control Resources at the onset of days within and outside of busy season to determine whether auditors experience a between-day accumulation of depletion. I predict and find that auditors experience an accumulation of ego depletion, and therefore begin workdays within busy season in a depleted state. Starting a workday in a depleted state can exacerbate within-day depletion, as studied in prior research. This research contributes a theoretical mechanism linking busy season to auditors' JDM quality and expands ego depletion theory by predicting and finding initial evidence of an accumulation effect, a more severe form of depletion than studi...
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ego depletion and auditors busy season
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:This study examines the impact of busy season on auditors through ego depletion theory. Ego depletion theory posits that using self-control depletes a Cognitive Resource and decreases their ability to exercise self-control on subsequent tasks, which can decrease judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Using self-control Resources within- and outside-of busy season, I examine whether auditors experience a between-day accumulation of ego depletion. I also study auditing students within- and outside-of final exam time to examine sufficient conditions for an accumulation of depletion. I find that both auditors and students experience significant accumulation of ego depletion, but do not find that busy season causes greater accumulation than does final exam time. This research contributes a theoretical mechanism linking busy season to auditors’ JDM quality, provides evidence of auditors’ susceptibility to depletion, and represents initial evidence of an accumulation effect. This research informs regulators of a consequence of significant auditor workloads.
Enzo Baccarelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reliable adaptive Resource management for Cognitive cloud vehicular networks
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Nicola Cordeschi, Danilo Amendola, Enzo BaccarelliAbstract:In this paper, we design and test the performance of a distributed and adaptive Resource management controller, which allows the optimal exploitation of Cognitive radio and soft-input/soft-output data fusion in vehicular access networks. The goal is to allow energy and computing-limited car smartphones to utilize the available vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) WiFi connections for performing traffic offloading toward local or remote clouds by opportunistically acceding to a spectral-limited wireless backbone built up by multiple roadside units (i.e., cloudlets). We cast the Resource management problem into a suitable constrained stochastic network utility maximization problem and derive the optimal Cognitive Resource manager that dynamically allocates the access time windows at the serving roadside units (i.e., the access points), together with the access rates and traffic flows at the served vehicular clients (i.e., the secondary users of the wireless backbone). The developed controller provides hard reliability guarantees to the cloud service provider (i.e., the primary user of the wireless backbone) on a per-slot basis. Furthermore, it is able to acquire context information about the currently available bandwidth–energy Resources to quickly adapt to the mobility-induced abrupt changes in the state of the vehicular network.
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Distributed and adaptive Resource management in Cloud-assisted Cognitive Radio Vehicular Networks with hard reliability guarantees
Vehicular Communications, 2015Co-Authors: Nicola Cordeschi, Danilo Amendola, Mohammad Shojafar, Enzo BaccarelliAbstract:In this contribution, we design and test the performance of a distributed and adaptive Resource management controller, which allows the optimal exploitation of Cognitive Radio and soft-input/soft-output data fusion in Vehicular Access Networks. The ultimate goal is to allow energy and computing-limited car smartphones to utilize the available Vehicular-to-Infrastructure WiFi connections for performing traffic offloading towards local or remote Clouds by opportunistically acceding to a spectral-limited wireless backbone built up by multiple Roadside Units. For this purpose, we recast the afforded Resource management problem into a suitable constrained stochastic Network Utility Maximization problem. Afterwards, we derive the optimal Cognitive Resource management controller, which dynamically allocates the access time-windows at the serving Roadside Units (i.e., the access points) together with the access rates and traffic flows at the served Vehicular Clients (i.e., the secondary users of the wireless backbone). Interestingly, the developed controller provides hard reliability guarantees to the Cloud Service Provider (i.e., the primary user of the wireless backbone) on a per-slot basis. Furthermore, it is also capable to self-acquire context information about the currently available bandwidth-energy Resources, so as to quickly adapt to the mobility-induced abrupt changes of the state of the vehicular network, even in the presence of fadings, imperfect context information and intermittent Vehicular-to-Infrastructure connectivity. Finally, we develop a related access protocol, which supports a fully distributed and scalable implementation of the optimal controller.
Molly J Sullan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sleep deprivation and compensatory Cognitive effort on a visual information processing task
Sleep, 2021Co-Authors: Molly J Sullan, Sean P A Drummond, Eric GranholmAbstract:Study objectives Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is often associated with worse performance on tasks of attention and working memory, but some studies show no performance changes. One possibility is that greater compensatory Cognitive effort is put forth to achieve similar results after TSD. We aimed to better understand the relationship between TSD, Cognitive engagement, and performance outcomes following TSD. Methods Twenty healthy adults completed Cognitive testing following a night of normal sleep and again after ~55 hours of TSD. Participants detected target letters in low (3-item) and high (10-item) load visual letter displays on the span of apprehension task with concurrent pupillometry, a measure of Cognitive effort. Results We found significantly poorer detection accuracy and marginally longer response times following TSD across both arrays. In both arrays, significantly greater preparatory pupillary responses were found just prior to array onset. There was also a significant session by array interaction for pupillary responses, such that significantly greater dilation was found for the 3-letter array after TSD, while a nonsignificant decline in dilation was found following the 10-letter array after TSD. Conclusions These results suggest a complex relationship between attentional control and Cognitive Resource allocation following TSD. Sleep-deprived individuals may allocate more compensatory Cognitive effort to easier tasks but choose to disengage from more challenging Cognitive tasks that have little perceived reward or probability of success to preserve diminishing Cognitive Resources. More work is needed to better delineate the underlying neurological systems involved in these processing load-dependent attentional control mechanisms after TSD.
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sleep deprivation and compensatory Cognitive effort on a visual information processing task
Sleep, 2020Co-Authors: Molly J Sullan, Sean P A Drummond, Eric GranholmAbstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is often associated with worse performance on tasks of attention and working memory, but some studies show no performance changes. One possibility is that greater compensatory Cognitive effort is put forth to achieve similar results after TSD. We aimed to better understand the relationship between TSD, Cognitive engagement, and performance outcomes following TSD. METHODS 20 healthy adults completed Cognitive testing following a night of normal sleep and again after ~55 hours of TSD. Participants detected target letters in low (3-item) and high (10-item) load visual letter displays on the span of apprehension task with concurrent pupillometry, a measure of Cognitive effort. RESULTS We found significantly poorer detection accuracy and marginally longer response times following TSD across both arrays. In both arrays, significantly greater preparatory pupillary responses were found just prior to array onset. There was also a significant session by array interaction for pupillary responses, such that significantly greater dilation was found for the 3-letter array after TSD, while a nonsignificant decline in dilation was found following the 10-letter array after TSD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a complex relationship between attentional control and Cognitive Resource allocation following TSD. Sleep deprived individuals may allocate more compensatory Cognitive effort to easier tasks but choose to disengage from more challenging Cognitive tasks that have little perceived reward or probability of success to preserve diminishing Cognitive Resources. More work is needed to better delineate the underlying neurological systems involved in these processing load-dependent attentional control mechanisms after TSD.
William S. Helton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new semantic vigilance task: vigilance decrement, workload, and sensitivity to dual-task costs
Experimental Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Samantha L Epling, Paul N. Russell, William S. HeltonAbstract:Cognitive Resource theory is a common explanation for both the performance decline in vigilance tasks, known as the vigilance decrement, and the limited ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The limited supply of Cognitive Resources may be utilized faster than they are replenished resulting in a performance decrement, or may need to be allocated among multiple tasks with some performance cost. Researchers have proposed both domain-specific, for example spatial versus verbal processing Resources, and domain general Cognitive Resources. One challenge in testing the domain specificity of Cognitive Resources in vigilance is the current lack of difficult semantic vigilance tasks which reliably produce a decrement. In the present research, we investigated whether the vigilance decrement was found in a new abbreviated semantic discrimination vigilance task, and whether there was a performance decrement in said vigilance task when paired with a word recall task, as opposed to performed individually. As hypothesized, a vigilance decrement in the semantic vigilance task was found in both the single-task and dual-task conditions, along with reduced vigilance performance in the dual-task condition and reduced word recall in the dual-task condition. This is consistent with Cognitive Resource theory. The abbreviated semantic vigilance task will be a useful tool for researchers interested in determining the specificity of Cognitive Resources utilized in vigilance tasks.
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working memory load and the vigilance decrement
Experimental Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: William S. Helton, Paul N. RussellAbstract:In this study, we examined the impact of concurrent verbal and spatial working memory demands on performance on an alpha-numeric successive target detection task. Seven hundred and forty-five participants performed a target detection task while simultaneously performing either a spatial or a verbal working memory task or they performed matched no-memory control tasks. The vigilance decrement, both an increase in target detection response times and a decrease in perceptual sensitivity A′ to target stimuli over time, was exacerbated by concurrent working memory load. The spatial and verbal working memory loads both impacted vigilance performance suggesting utilization of common executive Resources. Overall, these results support the view that the vigilance decrement results from high Cognitive Resource demands (e.g., hard work), not from Cognitive under-load (e.g., boredom or mindlessness).