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Patrick J Hurley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ego Depletion and auditors jdm quality
Accounting Organizations and Society, 2019Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:Abstract I report two experiments with senior-associate auditors that investigate whether selfcontrol requirements in auditing tasks cause Ego Depletion, and whether depleting tasks impact auditors' judgment and decision-making (JDM). In Experiment 1, I find that using self-control to maintain vigilance/focus leads to greater levels of Depletion than does using self-control to engage in cognitive processing in an audit planning task or inhibit impulses in a task from the psychology literature. However, I do not find that task-specific experience significantly reduces self-control resources required for task performance. In Experiment 2, I find evidence that depleting tasks – compared to a non-depleted control group –significantly reduce auditors’ cognitive processing in the form of auditors’ ability to generate plausible alternative hypotheses for client-provided explanations for trends. Finally, I find that depleting tasks reduce auditors’ confidence in task performance, when compared to a non-depleted control group.
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Ego Depletion and auditors busy season
Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:ABSTRACT: This study examines the impact of busy season on auditors through Ego Depletion theory. Ego Depletion theory posits that using self-control depletes a cognitive resource and decreases the ability to exercise self-control on subsequent tasks, which can decrease judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Using a within-subjects quasi-experiment, I compare self-control resources at the onset of days within and outside of busy season to determine whether auditors experience a between-day accumulation of Depletion. I predict and find that auditors experience an accumulation of Ego Depletion, and therefore begin workdays within busy season in a depleted state. Starting a workday in a depleted state can exacerbate within-day Depletion, as studied in prior research. This research contributes a theoretical mechanism linking busy season to auditors' JDM quality and expands Ego Depletion theory by predicting and finding initial evidence of an accumulation effect, a more severe form of Depletion than studi...
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Ego Depletion and auditors busy season
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:This study examines the impact of busy season on auditors through Ego Depletion theory. Ego Depletion theory posits that using self-control depletes a cognitive resource and decreases their ability to exercise self-control on subsequent tasks, which can decrease judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Using self-control resources within- and outside-of busy season, I examine whether auditors experience a between-day accumulation of Ego Depletion. I also study auditing students within- and outside-of final exam time to examine sufficient conditions for an accumulation of Depletion. I find that both auditors and students experience significant accumulation of Ego Depletion, but do not find that busy season causes greater accumulation than does final exam time. This research contributes a theoretical mechanism linking busy season to auditors’ JDM quality, provides evidence of auditors’ susceptibility to Depletion, and represents initial evidence of an accumulation effect. This research informs regulators of a consequence of significant auditor workloads.
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Ego Depletion and auditors jdm quality
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:I investigate whether self-control requirements in professional auditing tasks cause Ego Depletion, and whether Depletion impacts auditors' judgment and decision-making (JDM) processes. I further examine whether task-specific experience and/or task-relevant expertise mitigates Depletion. Using auditing students and professional auditors, I find that self-control requirements in two accounting tasks cause greater levels of Depletion than does a depleting task from the Ego Depletion literature. I find that task-specific experience significantly mitigates Depletion, while task-relevant expertise does so only marginally. I find that professional skepticism exacerbates Depletion for domain-relevant tasks. With respect to consequences, I find that Depletion increases the likelihood of accepting a CFO's fraudulent explanations for troubling financial trends. This increased susceptibility to persuasion then reduces individuals' hypothesis generation ability. Finally, I find that Depletion reduces individuals' confidence in task performance. This research contributes to the literatures on auditors' JDM quality, fraud detection ability, professional skepticism, and Ego Depletion theory.
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Ego Depletion applications and implications for auditing research
Journal of Accounting Literature, 2015Co-Authors: Patrick J HurleyAbstract:In this paper, I synthesize the prior psychology literature on Ego Depletion and apply this literature to an auditing setting. Ego Depletion refers to a reduced desire or ability to use self-control in task performance due to using self-control on prior tasks. I focus on the likely causes and consequences of Depletion in an auditing setting, as well as means of mitigating Depletion and recovering self-control resources. While Ego Depletion theory is prevalent in the psychology literature, little is known about whether or how Ego Depletion affects professionals on meaningful task performance. As a result, this synthesis is aimed at stimulating future Ego Depletion research in accounting, and specifically auditing, by surveying existing literature and applying this literature to an auditing setting. Further, I develop 13 questions for future research to investigate. My synthesis reveals that Ego Depletion likely has a pervasive effect in an auditing setting, and can hinder auditors’ judgment and decision-making (JDM) quality. Therefore, this synthesis helps to provide a greater understanding of the impact of auditing tasks on individuals, and refines both auditor JDM and Ego Depletion theories.
Brandon J Schmeichel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a multisite preregistered paradigmatic test of the Ego Depletion effect
Psychological Science, 2021Co-Authors: Kathleen D Vohs, Brandon J Schmeichel, Anna J Finley, Sophie Lohmann, Quentin Frederik Gronau, Sarah E Ainsworth, Jessica L Alquist, Michael D Baker, Ambra BriziAbstract:We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of Ego-Depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replica...
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Ego Depletion reduces attention control evidence from two high powered preregistered experiments
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2019Co-Authors: Katie E Garrison, Anna J Finley, Brandon J SchmeichelAbstract:Two preregistered experiments with more than 1,000 participants in total found evidence of an Ego Depletion effect on attention control. Participants who exercised self-control on a writing task went on to make more errors on Stroop tasks (Experiment 1) and the Attention Network Test (Experiment 2) compared with participants who did not exercise self-control on the initial writing task. The Depletion effect on response times was nonsignificant. A mini meta-analysis of the two experiments found a small ( d = 0.20) but significant increase in error rates in the controlled writing condition, thereby providing evidence of poorer attention control under Ego Depletion. These results, which emerged from preregistered experiments in large samples of participants, represent some of the most rigorous evidence yet of the Ego Depletion effect.
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The Influence of Agreeableness and Ego Depletion on Emotional Responding.
Journal of personality, 2016Co-Authors: Anna J Finley, Adrienne L. Crowell, Eddie Harmon-jones, Brandon J SchmeichelAbstract:Objective: Agreeable individuals report more intense withdrawal-oriented negative emotions across aversive situations. Two studies tested the hypothesis that self-regulatory Depletion (i.e., Ego Depletion) moderates the relationship between trait agreeableness and negative emotional responding. Method: Ego Depletion was manipulated using a writing task. Emotional responding was measured with startle eye-blink responses (Study 1, N = 71) and self-reported valence, arousal, and empathic concern (Study 2, N = 256) during emotional picture viewing. Trait agreeableness was measured using a questionnaire. Results: In Study 1, agreeableness predicted especially large startle responses during aversive images and especially small startles during appetitive images. After exercising self-control, the relationship between startle magnitudes and agreeableness decreased. In Study 2, agreeableness predicted more empathic concern for aversive images, which in turn predicted heightened self-reported negative emotions. After exercising self-control, the relationship between agreeableness and empathic concern decreased. Conclusions: Agreeable individuals exhibit heightened negative emotional responding. Ego Depletion reduced the link between agreeableness and negative emotional responding in Study 1 and moderated the indirect effect of agreeableness on negative emotional responding via empathic concern in Study 2. Empathic concern appears to be a resource-intensive process underlying heightened responding to aversive stimuli among agreeable persons. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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what is Ego Depletion toward a mechanistic revision of the resource model of self control
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Inzlicht, Brandon J SchmeichelAbstract:According to the resource model of self-control, overriding one’s predominant response tendencies consumes and temporarily depletes a limited inner resource. Over 100 experiments have lent support to this model of Ego Depletion by observing that acts of self-control at Time 1 reduce performance on subsequent, seemingly unrelated self-control tasks at Time 2. The time is now ripe, therefore, not only to broaden the scope of the model but to start gaining a precise, mechanistic account of it. Accordingly, in the current article, the authors probe the particular cognitive, affective, and motivational mechanics of self-control and its Depletion, asking, “What is Ego Depletion?” This study proposes a process model of Depletion, suggesting that exerting self-control at Time 1 causes temporary shifts in both motivation and attention that undermine self-control at Time 2. The article highlights evidence in support of this model but also highlights where evidence is lacking, thus providing a blueprint for future r...
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Ego Depletion by response exaggeration
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Brandon J Schmeichel, Heath A Demaree, Jennifer L RobinsonAbstract:Suppressing or inhibiting responses has a host of negative effects, including a temporary reduction in self-regulatory strength (Ego Depletion). Less attention has been given to response exaggeration, which should also deplete regulatory strength and therefore disrupt subsequent self-control. We tested the Depletion hypothesis by having participants perform tests of cognitive fluency after exaggerating responses (or not) to a disgusting film clip. Response exaggeration produced increased emotional expression but did not increase subjective emotional experience. Moreover, exaggerating disgust reactions impaired subsequent performance on tests of cognitive fluency. The cognitive aftereffects of exaggeration were not attributable to emotional experience or to changes in sympathetic or parasympathetic arousal (as indicated by skin conductance and heart rate variability high frequency power, respectively). Poorer cognitive fluency after response exaggeration indicates a detrimental effect of purposeful self-regulation.
Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a multilab preregistered replication of the Ego Depletion effect
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2016Co-Authors: Martin S. Hagger, Nikos L. D. ChatzisarantisAbstract:Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource Depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as Ego Depletion Although a meta-analysis of Ego-Depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the Ego-Depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized Ego-Depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the Ego-Depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the Ego-Depletion effect and the resource Depletion model of self-control.
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it is premature to regard the Ego Depletion effect as too incredible
Frontiers in Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Martin S. Hagger, Nikos L. D. ChatzisarantisAbstract:The “strength” model conceptualizes self-control as a limited resource (Baumeister et al., 1998). Individuals are able to exert self-control, but only for a limited period after which capacity declines leading to reduced self-control capacity; a state known as Ego-Depletion. The model has generated a sizable literature confirming the Ego-Depletion effect in multiple spheres. Our meta-analysis of published Ego-Depletion studies computed a medium-sized effect (d = 0.62) across 198 tests (Hagger et al., 2010). Carter and McCullough (2013) recently applied analyses aimed at testing for publication bias to our data including Schimmack's (2012) incredibility index and two regression techniques (Egger et al., 1997; Moreno et al., 2009). Regression analyses indicated that the Ego-Depletion effect was substantially smaller than reported in our analysis and may even be zero, and the incredibility index indicated low statistical power and the chances of finding so many significant effects improbable. They concluded that the Ego-Depletion effect is subject to considerable publication bias and questioned whether it is a “real” effect at all. We replicated these analyses and found similar results. We have made our analyses available to download from the open-access Dryad Digital Repository (Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2014). We thank Carter and McCullough (2013) raising the issue of bias. We take this opportunity to present some alternative conclusions to the ones they presented. We agree that journal editors should be more judicious in demanding bias tests in meta-analyses, but believe that that recommendation does not resolve the problem of interpreting the bias. An important addendum to the regression analyses is that the bias detected by a significant regression line cannot be definitively attributed to publication bias. Sterne et al. (2000, 2001) suggest that such bias could be attributed to a number of possible sources. Instead, they use the term “small study” effect; the tendency for smaller studies to report larger effect sizes. One possible reason would be due to publication bias: journals tending to favor the publication of small studies with statistically significant results and disproportionately large effect sizes. However, the findings may also be due to methodological inadequacies or true heterogeneity in the effect. A definitive response to resolving the nature of bias detected by these methods (i.e., whether it is publication bias or other source of bias that causes a “small study effect”) would be to demand authors conducting meta-analyses be diligent in the pursuit of “fugitive literature”: unpublished studies with null findings, or findings that conflict with the commonly-accepted paradigm, that Rosenthal (1994) eloquently predicted would reside in the “file drawers” of researchers who could not get them published. In the case of Ego-Depletion, a unique contribution would be to identify unpublished studies including those with null or negative effects, as well as studies that have since been published, and recalculate the meta-analytic effect size. Such an undertaking would not only yield a more robust effect size ostensibly independent of publication bias but also be informative as to whether the “small study effect” detected in the analyses was due to publication bias, other forms of bias, or true heterogeneity. We encourage researchers to make their replications of Ego-Depletion studies freely available to aid future meta-analyses. We would also like to express concerns regarding Carter and McCullough's prediction, based on their regression analyses, that the Ego-Depletion effect may be zero. This prediction was based on the intercept of the regression of the Ego-Depletion effect size on precision. However, if the true Ego-Depletion effect size is zero or close to it, one would expect the effect sizes in the literature to be randomly distributed in both positive and negative directions about zero. If this is the case, then where are those negative findings? There are scant few Ego-Depletion experiments that have found opposite effects, i.e., an improvement in second-task performance after engaging in an initial self-control task, let alone null effects. Given the intensiveness of research in this field, would it not be reasonable to expect to have seen the negative findings published? The absence of these effects creates a problem for the claim that the true effect is zero and the credibility of the analysis. It could be argued that such negative effects might not have been published because their interpretation might contradict commonly-accepted theory and may lie in the file drawers of the researchers who found them. However, we think that such findings would likely have seen the light of day in journals because they contradict the strength model and support alternative hypotheses consistent with other theories such as adaptation or learned industriousness (Converse and DeShon, 2009). For example, one could pose an alternative hypothesis that improvement in self-control performance in Ego-Depletion experiments could be due to learning the capacity to self-regulate which was transferable. In such cases one would expect statistically-significant improvements in performance on a subsequent self-control task after engaging in an initial task that taxes self-control. Of course, we would have to assume that researchers were sufficiently virtuous in not turning their null results into supportive evidence using selective reporting (Francis, 2014). We contend that if the predicted effect size for Ego-Depletion is zero, then negative effects should be present in this literature and we would expect such effects to be published given their pivotal role in testing alternative hypotheses based on other theories. As a final point, while we thank Carter and McCullough for raising a notable question regarding the existence of bias in Ego-Depletion meta-analysis, their analysis tells us little about its source and does not acknowledge that other effects in published meta-analyses are subject to similar bias. We think it is important to view and interpret the bias found for Ego-Depletion using these methods in context. For example, how does the small study effect found for Ego Depletion match up to the relative to the incidence of bias in the discipline of social psychology as whole? A useful future endeavor would be to systematically identify meta-analyses published in social psychology over a substantive period, subject each to the bias-identification analyses, and comment on the extent of the bias within the discipline.
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Ego Depletion and the strength model of self control a meta analysis
Psychological Bulletin, 2010Co-Authors: Martin S. Hagger, Chantelle Wood, Chris Stiff, Nikos L. D. ChatzisarantisAbstract:According to the strength model, self-control is a finite resource that determines capacity for effortful control over dominant responses and, once expended, leads to impaired self-control task performance, known as Ego Depletion. A meta-analysis of 83 studies tested the effect of Ego Depletion on task performance and related outcomes, alternative explanations and moderators of the effect, and additional strength model hypotheses. Results revealed a significant effect of Ego Depletion on self-control task performance. Significant effect sizes were found for Ego Depletion on effort, perceived difficulty, negative affect, subjective fatigue, and blood glucose levels. Small, nonsignificant effects were found for positive affect and self-efficacy. Moderator analyses indicated minimal variation in the effect across sphere of depleting and dependent task, frequently used depleting and dependent tasks, presentation of tasks as single or separate experiments, type of dependent measure and control condition task, and source laboratory. The effect size was moderated by depleting task duration, task presentation by the same or different experimenters, intertask interim period, dependent task complexity, and use of dependent tasks in the choice and volition and cognitive spheres. Motivational incentives, training on self-control tasks, and glucose supplementation promoted better self-control in Ego-depleted samples. Expecting further acts of self-control exacerbated the effect. Findings provide preliminary support for the Ego-Depletion effect and strength model hypotheses. Support for motivation and fatigue as alternative explanations for Ego Depletion indicate a need to integrate the strength model with other theories. Findings provide impetus for future investigation testing additional hypotheses and mechanisms of the Ego-Depletion effect.
Junhua Dang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a multilab replication of the Ego Depletion effect
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2021Co-Authors: Junhua Dang, Paul Barker, Anna Baumert, Margriet Bentvelzen, Elliot T Berkman, Nita Buchholz, Jacek Buczny, Zhansheng Chen, Valeria De Cristofaro, Lianne P De VriesAbstract:There is an active debate regarding whether the Ego Depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant Ego Depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of Ego Depletion.
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time to set a new research agenda for Ego Depletion and self control
Social Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Junhua Dang, Martin S. HaggerAbstract:The conceptualization of self-control capacity as a domain-general limited resource, and the accompanying state of low self-control resource, known as the Ego Depletion effect, has received considerable attention in social psychology literature. The effect has also been widely publicized in popular media largely due to its elegant simplicity and intuitive appeal. Since its inception (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998; Muraven, Tice, & Baumeister, 1998), the Ego Depletion effect has been a “hot” topic of research and has stimulated hundreds of laboratory studies to test the effect (Hagger, Wood, Stiff, & Chatzisarantis, 2010).
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an updated meta analysis of the Ego Depletion effect
Psychological Research-psychologische Forschung, 2018Co-Authors: Junhua DangAbstract:The Ego Depletion effect is one of the most famous phenomena in social psychology. A recent meta-analysis showed that after accounting for small-studies effects by using a newly developed method called PET-PEESE, the Ego Depletion effect was indistinguishable from zero. However, it is too early to draw such rushing conclusion because of the inappropriate usage of PET-PEESE. The current paper reported a stricter and updated meta-analysis of Ego Depletion by carefully inspecting problems in the previous meta-analysis, including new studies not covered by it, and testing the effectiveness of each depleting task. The results suggest that attention video should be an ineffective depleting task, whereas emotion video should be the most effective one. Future studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of each Depletion task revealed by the current meta-analysis.
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the Ego could be depleted providing initial exertion is depleting a preregistered experiment of the Ego Depletion effect
Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Junhua Dang, Ying Liu, Xiaoping Liu, Lihua MaoAbstract:Abstract. The Ego Depletion effect has been examined by over 300 independent studies during the past two decades. Despite its pervasive influence, recently this effect has been severely challenged and asserted to be a fake. Based on an up-to-date meta-analysis that examined the effectiveness of each frequently used depleting task, we preregistered the current experiment with the aim to examine whether there would be an Ego Depletion effect when the Stroop task is used as the depleting task. The results demonstrated a significant Ego Depletion effect. The current research highlights the importance of the depleting task’s effectiveness. That is to say, the “Ego” could be “depleted,” but only when initial exertion is “depleting.”
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commentary a multilab preregistered replication of the Ego Depletion effect
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Junhua DangAbstract:The Ego Depletion effect has not been replicated by a recent project including 23 laboratories (N = 2141) in both English-speaking countries and non-English speaking countries (Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2016). Although it provides seemingly robust evidence casting doubt on the existence of Ego Depletion, cautious attention should be paid to the effectiveness of the depleting task (i.e., e-crossing task) used in the replicating project.
Roy F. Baumeister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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self regulation Ego Depletion and inhibition
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Roy F. BaumeisterAbstract:Inhibition is a major form of self-regulation. As such, it depends on self-awareness and comparing oneself to standards and is also susceptible to fluctuations in willpower resources. Ego Depletion is the state of reduced willpower caused by prior exertion of self-control. Ego Depletion undermines inhibition both because restraints are weaker and because urges are felt more intensely than usual. Conscious inhibition of desires is a pervasive feature of everyday life and may be a requirement of life in civilized, cultural society, and in that sense it goes to the evolved core of human nature. Intentional inhibition not only restrains antisocial impulses but can also facilitate optimal performance, such as during test taking. Self-regulation and Ego Depletion- may also affect less intentional forms of inhibition, even chronic tendencies to inhibit. Broadly stated, inhibition is necessary for human social life and nearly all societies encourage and enforce it.
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self regulation Ego Depletion and motivation
Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2007Co-Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D VohsAbstract:Motivation is underappr eciated in self-r egulation theories (as is tr ue in social personality psychology at large). This paper reviews the role of motivation in the context of the strength, or limited-resource, model of self-control in several domains. Sacrificing one desire in order to pursue another is more difficult when the incipient response is strongly motivated, a notion that highlights the struggle between urges and restraints. A reduction in Ego resources can be temporarily overcome by strong motivation – nevertheless, Ego Depletion is not solely a loss of motivation: Recent experiments indicate that regulatory resources are rooted in physical energy stores. Motivational conflicts, especially the clash between selfish motives and behaviors that promote social acceptance, set the stage for the necessity of self-regulation and the circumstances in which Ego Depletion is most likely. Self-regulation is the self ’s capacity for altering its behaviors. It greatly increases the flexibility and adaptability of human behavior, enabling people to adjust their actions to a remarkably broad range of social and situational demands. It is an important basis for the popular conception of free will and for socially desirable behavior. It provides benefits to the individual and to society, and indeed good self-control seems to contribute to a great many desirable outcomes, including task performance, school and work success, popularity, mental health and adjustment, and good interpersonal relationships (Baumeister, Heatherton, & Tice, 1994; Duckworth & Seligman, 2005; Mischel, Shoda, & P eake, 1988; Shoda, Mischel, & P eake, 1990; Tangney, Baumeister, & Boone, 2004;Wolfe & Johnson, 1995). Motivation is underappreciated in psychology generally, no doubt partly because the cognitive revolution of recent decades has induced the majority of r esearchers to think in co gnitive rather than motivational terms. Motivation’s role in self-regulation has been similarly underestimated. This article seeks to remedy that deficiency. It will examine the multiple ways that motivation is relevant to self-regulation. The relevance to self-regulation spans a wide range, from the confluence of motivation and self-regulation (as in the motivation to engage in self-regulation) to their conflict (as when self-regulation is used to restrain motivation).
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restoring the self positive affect helps improve self regulation following Ego Depletion
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Dianne M Tice, Roy F. Baumeister, Dikla Shmueli, Mark MuravenAbstract:Previous work has shown that acts of self-regulation appear to deplete a psychological resource, resulting in poorer self-regulation subsequently. Four experiments using assorted manipulations and measures found that positive mood or emotion can counteract Ego Depletion. After an initial act of self-regulation, participants who watched a comedy video or received a surprise gift self-regulated on various tasks as well as non-depleted participants and significantly better than participants who experienced a sad mood induction, a neutral mood stimulus, or a brief rest period.
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Ego Depletion a resource model of volition self regulation and controlled processing
Social Cognition, 2000Co-Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, Mark Muraven, Dianne M TiceAbstract:Making choices, responding actively instead of passively, restraining impulses, and other acts of self-control and volition all draw on a common resource that is limited and renewable, akin to strength or energy. After an act of choice or self-control, the self's resources have been expended, producing the condition of Ego Depletion. In this state, the self is less able to function effectively, such as by regulating itself or exerting volition. Effects of Ego Depletion appear to reflect an effort to conserve remaining resources rather than full exhaustion, although in principle full exhaustion is possible. This versatile but limited resource is crucial to the self's optimal functioning, and the pervasive need to conserve it may result in the commonly heavy reliance on habit, routine, and automatic processes.