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John S Santelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of withdrawal Coitus Interruptus for both pregnancy and hiv prevention among young adults in rakai uganda
    The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jenny A Higgins, Laura Gregor, Sanyukta Mathur, Neema Nakyanjo, Fred Nalugoda, John S Santelli
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introduction Although understudied in the context of AIDS, use of withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) with or in place of other prevention methods affects exposure to both pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim We used mixed methods to assess use of withdrawal among 15–24‐year‐olds in a rural Ugandan setting with considerable HIV prevalence. Methods We measured withdrawal reporting among (i) sexually active 15–24‐year‐olds enrolled in a quantitative community survey (n = 6,722) and (ii) in‐depth qualitative interview participants systematically selected from the latest round of the community survey (N = 60). Respondents were asked about family planning and HIV prevention practices, including a direct question about withdrawal in the in‐depth interviews. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were reports of current use of withdrawal on the quantitative survey (general question about family planning methods) and reports of current or recent use withdrawal in qualitative interviews (specific question about withdrawal). Qualitative interviews also probed for factors associated with withdrawal use. Results Although less than 1% of quantitative survey participants spontaneously named withdrawal as their current family planning method, 48% of qualitative interview respondents reported current or lifetime use of withdrawal. Withdrawal was often used as a pleasurable alternative to condoms, when condoms were not available, and/or as a “placeholder” method before obtaining injectable contraception. A few respondents described using withdrawal to reduce HIV risk. Conclusion Qualitative findings revealed widespread withdrawal use among young adults in Rakai, mainly as a condom alternative. Thus, withdrawal may shape exposure to both pregnancy and HIV. Future behavioral surveys should assess withdrawal practices directly—and separately from other contraceptives and HIV prevention methods. Further clinical research should further document withdrawal's association with HIV risk. Higgins JA, Gregor L, Mathur S, Nakyanjo N, Nalugoda F, and Santelli JS. Use of withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) for both pregnancy and HIV prevention among young adults in Rakai, Uganda. J Sex Med 2014;11:2421–2427.

Gigi Santow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coitus Interruptus and the Control of Natural Fertility
    Population Studies-a Journal of Demography, 1995
    Co-Authors: Gigi Santow
    Abstract:

    In this article I argue that pre-transitional natural fertility was sometimes controlled through birth-spacing, and that Coitus Interruptus was probably an important means of such control. First, the motivation for spacing was often strong, although not necessarily associated with a desire for family limitation; and control through spacing, although much harder to detect than a parity-dependent deceleration of the rate of childbearing, has been identified unequivocally in some pre-transitional and transitional populations. Secondly, Coitus Interruptus is reasonably effective and harmonizes with ancient and persistent notions of reproductive physiology; and evidence for its use comes both from statements of criticism and advocacy, and from a rich set of metaphors and euphemisms. The scenario of natural fertility controlled by means such as Coitus Interruptus is not offered as an alternative to the emergence of family limitation, which was probably the great innovation of the fertility transition. Rather, i...

  • Coitus Interruptus in the twentieth century.
    Population and Development Review, 1993
    Co-Authors: Gigi Santow
    Abstract:

    Most demographers give scant attention to Coitus Interruptus as a viable method of contraception. This likely results from a combination of factors. Most demographers live in countries where withdrawal is not widely practiced. A wide variety of more efficient and more easily employed methods now exists with modern methods tending to be female-initiated. Withdrawal is also neither unintrusive easy to use nor Coitus-independent. Withdrawal however played a major role in bringing about the historical declines of fertility in the West. The author therefore reviews the course of Coitus Interruptus throughout the 20th century in Europe North America and Australia where marital fertility declines were initiated devoid of contraceptive-related technological innovation. The methods gradual decline during the latter half of the century is charted with intercountry differences highlighted. The method has tended to persist in southern Europe. This would suggest that the nontechnologically-dependent method is practiced due to individual preference for the method and not because of a lack of alternative methods. The availability of alternatives is both a technical and cultural condition. The author finally reaches some conclusions about the nature of withdrawal predicts its future course and makes broader inferences about the nature of contraceptive acceptability.

Larry K Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • withdrawal Coitus Interruptus as a sexual risk reduction strategy perspectives from african american adolescents
    Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jennifer R Horner, Daniel Romer, Ralph J Diclemente, Robert F Valois, Peter A Vanable, Michael P Carey, Bonita Stanton, Laura F Salazar, Larry K Brown
    Abstract:

    This study examined adolescents’ beliefs about the benefits and risks of withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) with respect to both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In the course of qualitative interviews with African-American youth aged 14–19 (n = 124) about sexuality and risk, 24 adolescents spontaneously introduced the subject of withdrawal as a sexual risk reduction strategy. Eighteen percent of the sexually experienced adolescents mentioned their own use of withdrawal as a contraceptive method. From adolescents’ accounts of their own and their peers’ use of withdrawal, we learned that the cultural meanings of withdrawal within the context of adolescent relationships were multifaceted. Using withdrawal could signal sexual prowess in male youth, was seen as promoting trust and caring within a stable relationship, and was seen as mitigating the risk of pregnancy. However, adolescents also recognized that withdrawal did not protect against most STIs. Beliefs about withdrawal as a gendered skill and as a sign of trust may undermine some adolescents’ attempts to negotiate condom use for protection against STIs.

  • prevalence correlates and sexually transmitted infection risk related to Coitus Interruptus among african american adolescents
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Sharon R Sznitman, Daniel Romer, Larry K Brown, Ralph J Diclemente, Robert F Valois, Peter A Vanable, Michael P Carey, Bonita Stanton
    Abstract:

    Coitus Interruptus or withdrawal that involves the male partner "pulling out" before ejaculation has received relatively little research attention particularly in adolescents. The limited data that exist suggest that it is practiced among adolescents yet its prevalence remains unclear. In a research trial developed to test the efficacy of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV prevention program among black adolescents we were surprised to see extensive use of withdrawal (60% prevalence). Because black adolescents are disproportionately affected by the intersecting epidemics of HIV and other STIs the practice of withdrawal may pose a particular risk practice for this population. Therefore we examined 3 questions: (1) what are the correlates of withdrawal use among black adolescents (2) how widespread is the combined use of withdrawal and condoms and (3) what is the contribution of withdrawal to STI acquisition? (excerpt)

Jenny A Higgins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • use of withdrawal Coitus Interruptus for both pregnancy and hiv prevention among young adults in rakai uganda
    The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jenny A Higgins, Laura Gregor, Sanyukta Mathur, Neema Nakyanjo, Fred Nalugoda, John S Santelli
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introduction Although understudied in the context of AIDS, use of withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) with or in place of other prevention methods affects exposure to both pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim We used mixed methods to assess use of withdrawal among 15–24‐year‐olds in a rural Ugandan setting with considerable HIV prevalence. Methods We measured withdrawal reporting among (i) sexually active 15–24‐year‐olds enrolled in a quantitative community survey (n = 6,722) and (ii) in‐depth qualitative interview participants systematically selected from the latest round of the community survey (N = 60). Respondents were asked about family planning and HIV prevention practices, including a direct question about withdrawal in the in‐depth interviews. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were reports of current use of withdrawal on the quantitative survey (general question about family planning methods) and reports of current or recent use withdrawal in qualitative interviews (specific question about withdrawal). Qualitative interviews also probed for factors associated with withdrawal use. Results Although less than 1% of quantitative survey participants spontaneously named withdrawal as their current family planning method, 48% of qualitative interview respondents reported current or lifetime use of withdrawal. Withdrawal was often used as a pleasurable alternative to condoms, when condoms were not available, and/or as a “placeholder” method before obtaining injectable contraception. A few respondents described using withdrawal to reduce HIV risk. Conclusion Qualitative findings revealed widespread withdrawal use among young adults in Rakai, mainly as a condom alternative. Thus, withdrawal may shape exposure to both pregnancy and HIV. Future behavioral surveys should assess withdrawal practices directly—and separately from other contraceptives and HIV prevention methods. Further clinical research should further document withdrawal's association with HIV risk. Higgins JA, Gregor L, Mathur S, Nakyanjo N, Nalugoda F, and Santelli JS. Use of withdrawal (Coitus Interruptus) for both pregnancy and HIV prevention among young adults in Rakai, Uganda. J Sex Med 2014;11:2421–2427.

A W Noraziana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.