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Andrey N. Dmitriev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The physicochemical bases of the pyrometallurgical processing of the titanomagnetite ores
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.v. PetukhovAbstract:AbstractThe questions of an experimental study on the qualitative characteristics of iron ore raw materials (durability, reducibility, softening and melting temperatures) and their influence on indicators of blast furnace smelting (Coke Consumption and productivity) are considered.
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The Reducibility of the Iron Ore Materials as Instrument of the Coke Consumption Decrease in the Blast Furnace Smelting
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2013Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Yu. A. Chesnokov, Galina Yu. VitkinaAbstract:The technique of defining the minimum Coke Consumption in blast furnace smelting allows for the calculation of the reserve of Coke economy on the basis of thermodynamic principles. In this reserve the constitutive role belongs to the reducibility of the iron ore materials (the agglomerate and pellets). In the present paper, the questions of the reduction kinetics of the iron ore materials and diffusion processes at reduction of iron from its oxides are considered. It is shown that the reducibility of the iron ore materials is the basic reserve of economy the scarce and expensive Coke in the blast furnace smelting.
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Iron Ore Materials and Coke Quality Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Smelting
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2013Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Yu. A. Chesnokov, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.v. PetukhovAbstract:Abstract One of the most effective ways of the technical progress in the blast furnace manufacture is improvement of physical and chemical characteristics the iron ore materials and Coke that allows to increase the smelting of pig-iron and to reduce the Coke specific Consumption without building of new blast furnaces and concentrating plants. The Coke Consumption in blast furnace smelting make about 40 % of costs for pig-iron production. Therefore essential reduction of the Coke Consumption at the minimization of the general power costs should be considered as the important problem at the enhancement the blast furnace smelting technology. In the paper following approach to the decision of practical problems of the blast furnace is considered: the laboratory researches at the experimental installations and definition the qualitative characteristics the iron ore raw materials and Coke; analytical research by means of the mathematical models; pilot and industrial tests.
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The Coke and Iron Ore Materials Kinetic Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Process
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2012Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Yu. A. Chesnokov, G.yu. ArzhadeevaAbstract:The most important problem at the blast furnace process developing is the great Coke Consumption decreasing at the minimization of the general energy costs. One of the most effective ways of iron-making technical progress is the iron ore materials and Coke physicochemical properties improvement which allows to increase the iron productivity and decrease the specific Coke rate without construction of new blast furnaces and concentrating mills. Some of the quality indicators of iron ore raw materials and Coke and their influence on the main parameters of a blast furnace smelting are considered in the paper.
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The Role of Reducibility in Achievement of the Minimal Coke Consumption in the Blast Furnace Smelting
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2006Co-Authors: Andrey N. DmitrievAbstract:The limit of perfection of a blast-furnace smelting, including in its concept a minimal theoretically possible Coke Consumption, is determined by a thermodynamic equilibrium of oxidation-reduction reactions in separate zones of a furnace. It is possible to determine minimum Coke Consumption, for example, with the use of the mathematical model suggested by us. The following prerequisites underlie the mathematical model. Heat exchange in a blast furnace was completed, i.e. there is a small thermal gradient between gas and charge on a certain height. In a certain zone of the furnace at a reduction stage of magnetite the reaction of wustite reduction tends to a thermodynamic equilibrium. In this zone so-called zonal reduction realizes when the processes of reduction of various iron oxides combine in time. The significant role belongs here to diffusion of gas in pores of iron ore material. The solution of equations set for the bottom zone presented by a condition of a thermodynamic equilibrium, namely, the equilibrium constant of wustite reduction by carbon oxide, material and thermal balances, supplemented by the equation of the heat balance for the top zone, allows calculating the main indices of blast furnace smelting. Indices thus calculated are extremely accessible (minimum) at the given parameters of charge and blast. In the paper quantitative values of the Coke Consumption were presented at stage and zonal reduction of iron oxides.
R.v. Petukhov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The physicochemical bases of the pyrometallurgical processing of the titanomagnetite ores
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.v. PetukhovAbstract:AbstractThe questions of an experimental study on the qualitative characteristics of iron ore raw materials (durability, reducibility, softening and melting temperatures) and their influence on indicators of blast furnace smelting (Coke Consumption and productivity) are considered.
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Iron Ore Materials and Coke Quality Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Smelting
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2013Co-Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Yu. A. Chesnokov, Galina Yu. Vitkina, R.v. PetukhovAbstract:Abstract One of the most effective ways of the technical progress in the blast furnace manufacture is improvement of physical and chemical characteristics the iron ore materials and Coke that allows to increase the smelting of pig-iron and to reduce the Coke specific Consumption without building of new blast furnaces and concentrating plants. The Coke Consumption in blast furnace smelting make about 40 % of costs for pig-iron production. Therefore essential reduction of the Coke Consumption at the minimization of the general power costs should be considered as the important problem at the enhancement the blast furnace smelting technology. In the paper following approach to the decision of practical problems of the blast furnace is considered: the laboratory researches at the experimental installations and definition the qualitative characteristics the iron ore raw materials and Coke; analytical research by means of the mathematical models; pilot and industrial tests.
Zhifu Mi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rapid growth of petroleum Coke Consumption and its related emissions in China
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Yuli Shan, Dabo Guan, Jing Meng, Heike Schroeder, Zhifu MiAbstract:Petroleum Coke, a non-environmentally friendly energy source, is gradually replacing other power fuels in China’s industrial enterprises because of its price advantage. Petroleum Coke has high emission factors and thus emits more greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants than even raw coal. This study first examines the rapid growth of petroleum Coke Consumption in China since 2010 by industry sector and region and then estimates the petroleum Coke-related emissions. We conclude that the total Consumption of petroleum Coke increased by 18.9% from 2010 to 2016 and that the industry final Consumption for burning in boilers increased dramatically (by 158.2%). Petroleum Coke-related CO2 emissions reached 28 million tonnes in 2016, whereas CH4 and N2O emissions totaled 870 and 143 tonnes, respectively. The increased use of petroleum Coke will increase the urgency for the development of climate change mitigation and emissions reduction measures in China. We propose several possible policy suggestions for petroleum Coke management and emissions control, such as strongly restricting the production and import of high-sulphur petroleum Coke, as well as burning petroleum Coke to provide power; more power plants and industrial kiln stoves/boilers should be equipped with efficient decontamination systems; the development of advanced industrial processes and the clean utilization of petroleum Coke should be encouraged.
V. P. Lyalyuk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uniformity of Blast-Furnace Parameters over the Perimeter
Steel in Translation, 2018Co-Authors: V. P. Lyalyuk, I. G. Tovarovskii, D. A. KassimAbstract:Operational experience with the 5000-m3 blast furnace 9 at the Krivorozhstal plant shows that nonuniform blast distribution over the tuyeres results in very nonuniform distribution of the theoretical combustion temperature, the yield of blast-furnace gas, and the total energy of the blast flux and flux of blast-furnace gas over the hearth perimeter. That, in turn, significantly affects the smoothness of furnace operation, its productivity, the Coke Consumption, and the quality of the hot metal produced. The influence of 1% change in the variation coefficients of the input blast parameters on the productivity and Coke Consumption is taken into account. The results may be used in factorial analysis of periods of blast-furnace operation with different parameters. The nonuniform distribution of the blast flow rate over the tuyeres has the greatest influence on furnace performance. Therefore, it is necessary to find means of ensuring uniform distribution of blast at constant temperature over the tuyeres.
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Influence of Coke Quality on the Efficiency in Blast Furnaces of Different Size
Coke and Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: D. A. Muchnik, A. I. Trikilo, V. P. Lyalyuk, D. A. Kassim, I. A. LyakhovaAbstract:The influence of the Coke strength M _25 and abradability M _10 and the proportion of >80 mm Coke pieces on the furnace productivity and Coke Consumption is analyzed on the basis of mean monthly operational data for 2000-, 2700-, and 5000-m^3 blast furnaces. The influence of these Coke parameters on blast-furnace operation is more pronounced for larger furnaces.
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Improving the Preparation of Coking Batch
Coke and Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: V. P. Lyalyuk, D. A. Kassim, I. A. Lyakhova, E. O. Shmeltser, M. V. KormerAbstract:Currently, the most promising blast-furnace technology involves pulverized-coal injection, and the most promising blast-furnace technology for Coke production involves ramming the coal batch before delivery to the Coke ovens, so as to ensure high packing density. In classic bed coking, the packing density of the coal batch is also of great importance. In the absence of mechanical methods (such as ramming or partial briquetting), the packing density mainly depends on the ash and moisture content and the degree of crushing of the batch. It follows from industrial tests in the Coke plant at PAO ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog and analysis of the multifactorial correlation of the strength M _25 and wear resistance M _10 with the packing density of the batch that, with decrease in packing density, the Coke strength and wear resistance decline. That increases Coke Consumption and considerably complicates blast-furnace operation. Since improvement in Coke quality entails decreasing the moisture content of the coal batch, a method has been developed for decreasing the moisture content directly in the silo, on the basis of osmosis and vacuum, that permits decrease in the coal’s moisture content to the optimal value, thereby boosting Coke quality and improving blast-furnace performance. For example, it has been established that, in the blast-furnace shops at PAO ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog, 1% decrease in M _10 lowers the mean Coke Consumption by 5.5%. With increase in M _25 by 1%, the mean Coke Consumption falls by 2.1%, on average.
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Coke Quality and Blast-Furnace Performance
Coke and Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: D. A. Muchnik, A. I. Trikilo, V. P. Lyalyuk, D. A. KassimAbstract:On the basis of six-year operational data for a 5000-m3 blast furnace, the dependence of the Coke Consumption on its strength M25 and M10 and the content of the >80 mm fraction is calculated by different methods. The quality of the Coke has a clear influence on Coke Consumption and blast-furnace economics. As an illustration, for some of the equations derived, means are established for predicting the economic benefit associated with improving Coke quality and reducing its Consumption, in specific blast-furnace conditions.
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Determining the gas trajectory in blast-furnace injection of pulverized coal
Steel in Translation, 2017Co-Authors: V. P. Lyalyuk, D. A. Kassim, A. K. Tarakanov, P. I. Otorvin, D. V. PinchukAbstract:A method is outlined for determining the gas trajectory from the blast-furnace tuyere. The change in the trajectory on switching from natural-gas injection to pulverized-coal injection is considered. With the same rate of Coke Consumption in the furnace, switching to pulverized-coal injection intensifies the peripheral gas flow. This may be eliminated by restoring the optimal total energy of the blast and the hearth gas.
William G. Davenport - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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top segment calculations with oxygen enrichment
2020Co-Authors: Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, William G. DavenportAbstract:Abstract Pure oxygen injection into blast air is introduced in the bottom and top segment matrices. Mass flows between the segments are calculated. The impact on the top gas enthalpy balance and top gas temperature is described. Oxygen enrichment decreases the top temperature due to less hot nitrogen rising from the bottom segment. Top charged carbon-in-Coke Consumption increases slightly as a result.
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raceway flame temperature with oxygen enrichment
2020Co-Authors: Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, William G. DavenportAbstract:Abstract Pure oxygen injection into the blast air is an essential tool to maximize blast furnace output, increase fuel injection, and reduce metallurgical Coke Consumption. Added to blast air before the stoves, pure oxygen and blast air are blown through the tuyeres at 1200°C. The impact of adding pure oxygen to the bottom segment and raceway matrices is developed in this chapter. Injecting pure oxygen with the blast air raises the raceway adiabatic flame temperature; the precise extent is calculated using the newly developed matrices.
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Top-Charged Scrap Steel
Blast Furnace Ironmaking, 2020Co-Authors: Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, William G. DavenportAbstract:Abstract Blast furnace operators add limited quantities of Fe-rich scrap steel to increase productivity or to consume Fe-rich materials to avoid disposal costs while producing valuable molten iron. These Fe-rich materials have a strong impact on the Coke Consumption, flame, and top temperature. The model is modified to include the addition of Fe-rich materials and the impact on the blast furnace process is identified using new bottom and top-segment matrices.
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Bottom-Segment Calculations With Multiple Injectants
Blast Furnace Ironmaking, 2020Co-Authors: Ian Cameron, Mitren Sukhram, Kyle Lefebvre, William G. DavenportAbstract:Abstract In commercial operations, several materials are simultaneously injected through the blast furnace tuyeres to reduce Coke Consumption and related operating costs. The blast furnace operator must understand the impact that these multiple injectants have on the mass and enthalpy balances and ultimately the C-in-Coke and O2-in blast requirements. In this chapter, we build on the bottom-segment matrix developed for coal injection and add oxygen, steam and natural gas injection. Room is created in the new bottom-segment matrix for an additional injectant such as polyethylene or hydrogen.