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Goodenough Samuel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Samuel Goodenough, Berners Street, London, to Sir James Edward Smith, Norwich, [Norfolk]
2026Co-Authors: Goodenough SamuelAbstract:Heard from [Aylmer Bourke] Lambert that Smith intends to reply to Professor Monck [it was thought Monck had written a critical piece on Smith regaring the Cambridge botany professorship in the "Quarterly Review"]. Glad that [Dawson] Turner has completed his "Fucus". Thanks for Mrs Turner's "beautiful" etching of Smith. Sir Joseph Banks' recovered considerably; no longer suffering constipation, no attack of gout for fifty days, and gaining strength, it is accredited to Sir Edward Hume's administering of sixty drops of Colchicum Autumnale. Goodenough's daughter, Charlotte, in Coldbeck, Cumberland, ill with typhus fever, which is endemic in that town; she has been treated with an emetic, an opening medicine, and a blister. Fears the medical men adminstering too many lowering medicines, as in the south, when after the first evacuants the patient is kept up with port wine and brandy
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Samuel Goodenough, Berners Street, [London], to Sir James Edward Smith
2026Co-Authors: Goodenough SamuelAbstract:Thanks Smith for turkey. News of Sir Joseph Banks: he "seems rather dull" and whilst he joins in any cheerful conversation he does not initiate them; takes Colchicum Autumnale as soon as there is any sign of gout, the English preparation having all the effects of the French Eau Medicinal; spends twelve hours a day in bed and twelve out; Lady Banks "fatter than ever", so that Goodenough fears for her health. Feels compelled to buy [William] Hone's [(1780-1842), political writer and publisher] account of his trial [for blasphemy]. Criticises Dr [Richard] Watson's [(1737-1816), bishop of Llandaff] book ["Anecdotes of the life of Richard Watson"] in part for showing how "weak and vain a great mind becomes, when it becomes absorbed in self importance". Expecting the first six weeks of Parliament to be stormy as strong measures against ministers are being proposed
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Samuel Goodenough, Berners Street, London, to Sir James Edward Smith, Norwich, [Norfolk]
2026Co-Authors: Goodenough SamuelAbstract:Thanks for Smith's reply; recalls being given specimen of 'Oenothera purpurea' soon after its first introduction, and not having the new edition of "Hortus Kewensis" was unable to make out 'Chrysanthemum carinatum' but now uncertain whether it and 'Anthemis mixta' are not the same. Sir Joseph Banks ill with gout but being treated with Sir [Everard] Home's [(1756-1832)] improved medicine, which anyone may now safely take [presumably Colchicum Autumnale]. Lady Banks invited Goodenough to look over [Sarah Sophia] Banks' [(1744-1818)] antiquarian collections for disposal. Goodenough believes the King [George III (1738-1820)] is unaware of the Queen's death [Charlotte (1744-1818)]. [John] Barrow [(1764-1848), promoter of exploration] indignant that the captains of the ships of the polar expedition [to find the North West Passage] turned back just as they were about to make the discoveries for which they were sent out. [Edward] Rudge's candidate at Evesham, Worcestershire, came off "with flying colours", comments on hostility now existing between Rudge and Lord Northwick [John Rushout, 2nd Baron Northwick (1770-1859)]. Goodenough thinks he has a specimen of 'Dianthus arenarius' at Rose Castle. [Aylmer Bourke] Lambert completely absorbed by botany and does not mention anything of the failure of his brother-in-law, Mr Benett, in the election
Zhixiang Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity and sublethal effects of autumn crocus Colchicum Autumnale bulb powder on red imported fire ants solenopsis invicta
Toxins, 2020Co-Authors: Sukun Lin, Deqiang Qin, Yue Zhang, Qun Zheng, Liupeng Yang, Dongmei Cheng, Suqing Huang, Jianjun Chen, Zhixiang ZhangAbstract:Autumn crocus (Colchicum Autumnale L.) is a medicinal plant as it contains high concentrations of colchicine. In this study, we reported that the ground powder of autumn crocus bulb is highly toxic to invasive Solenopsis invicta Buren, commonly referred to as red imported fire ants (RIFAs). Ants fed with sugar water containing 5000 mg/L of bulb powder showed 54.67% mortality in three days compared to 45.33% mortality when fed with sugar water containing 50 mg/L of colchicine. Additionally, the effects of short-term feeding with sugar water containing 1 mg/L of colchicine and 100 mg/L of autumn crocus bulb powder were evaluated for RIFAs’ colony weight, food consumption, and aggressiveness, i.e., aggregation, grasping ability, and walking speed. After 15 days of feeding, the cumulative colony weight loss reached 44.63% and 58.73% due to the sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. The consumption of sugar water and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) was substantially reduced. The aggregation rates decreased 48.67% and 34.67%, grasping rates were reduced to 38.67% and 16.67%, and walking speed decreased 1.13 cm/s and 0.67 cm/s as a result of the feeding of the two sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. Our results for the first time show that powder derived from autumn crocus bulbs could potentially be a botanical pesticide for controlling RIFAs, and application of such a product could be ecologically benign due to its rapid biodegradation in the environment.
Elsässer Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Autumn crocus (Colchicum Autumnale) in mulch layer slightly contaminates forage grass
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2020Co-Authors: Grant Kerstin, Jilg Annette, Messner Jörg, Elsässer MartinAbstract:Der Befall von Herbstzeitlosen (Colchicum Autumnale L.) ist in extensiv genutzten Grünlandflächen ein großes Problem. Zahlreiche Landwirte befürchten die totale Wertlosigkeit ihrer Aufwüchse, wodurch nicht nur die landwirtschaftliche Verwendung, sondern in der Folge auch die aus Naturschutzgründen notwendige Offenhaltung der Landschaft wesentlich eingeschränkt werden könnte. Die momentane Empfehlung zur Reduktion der Herbstzeitlosen ist ein frühes Mulchen bzw. ein früher Schnitt mit Abfuhr Anfang-Mitte Mai, wenn die Herbstzeitlose (HZL) bereits ihre Kapsel geschoben hat und mehr als zwei Pflanzen pro m² im Pflanzenbestand vorzufinden sind. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob das Colchizin einer sich zersetzenden, Herbstzeitlosen-haltigen Mulchschicht an die darunter wachsenden Pflanzen weitergegeben wird und so das Futter im Folgeaufwuchs kontaminiert. Daher wurde in einem Freilandversuch Pflanzenmaterial des Folgeaufwuchses auf Colchizingehalt getestet, das 8 Wochen vorher durch eine Mulchschicht, die entweder keine, 2 oder 10 Herbstzeitlose-Pflanzen/m² enthielt, bedeckt gewesen war. Zusätzlich wurden zwei verschiedene Mulchzeitpunkte zur Variation des Pflanzenwuchsstadiums simuliert (Ende April – nur HZL-Blätter, Ende Mai – HZL-Blätter und junge Kapsel). Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen eine sehr leichte Kontamination des Folgeaufwuchses durch eine vorherige Bedeckung und Zersetzung einer Herbstzeitlosen-haltigen Mulchschicht in Abhängigkeit des Wuchsstadium sowie der Dichte an Herbstzeitlosen. Der höchste Colchizingehalt wurden im Folgeaufwuchs der Variante 10 Pflanzen /m² und Mulchzeitpunkt Ende Mai detektiert. Dieser lag mit 0,06 mg/kg TM jedoch dicht an der Bestimmungsgrenze von 0,01 mg/kg. Eine Verfütterung des Materials (frisch oder Heu) scheint daher unbedenklich. Tiere (z. B. Rinder oder Pferde mit 500 kg Körpergewicht) müssten schon unrealistisch hohe Mengen (10 t TM/d) fressen, um die tödliche Dosis von Colchizin zu erreichen. Schlussfolgernd kann die Regulation der Herbstzeitlosen auch weiterhin mittels Mulchen durchgeführt werden.Colchicum Autumnale L. (Autumn crocus) is a plant with high toxicity because of its alkaloid colchicine content. In South Germany particularly, C. Autumnale is widely distributed in extensively managed grassland. Farmers fear the loss of their grassland forage because hay from meadows containing C. Autumnale cannot be fed to livestock. Control of C. Autumnale is suggested when two plants per m² occur in the sward. Common control practice is mulching of the meadow at the beginning of May when C. Autumnale plants have developed their capsules. However, it is not known if there is a contamination of the grassland plants which grow under the mulch layer due to the decaying plant material of C. Autumnale. A field experiment took place where forage plants were tested for colchicine content after being exposed to a mulch layer 8 weeks before which contained different amounts of C. Autumnale (0, 2, 10 plants/m²). Additionally, two dates for mulching were tested simulating different growth stages of C. Autumnale (end of April -– only leaves, end of May – leaves and young capsules). Results of colchicine content show a slight contamination of the forage grass after being exposed to a mulch layer containing C. Autumnale. Highest colchicine content was detected in the treatment with 10 plants/m² where mulching had taken place end of May at the growth stage ”leaves and young capsules”. However, highest colchicine content was 0.06 mg/kg DM close to the limit of quantification for colchicine (0.01 mg/kg). Therefore, using this plant material as forage seems to be non-hazardous. Animals (cattle or horses with e.g. 500 kg) would need to feed unrealistic high amounts (10 t DM/d) of this forage to reach the deadly dose of colchicine. In conclusion, the common practice to control C. Autumnale by mulching can be retained
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Colchicum Autumnale - Control strategies and their impact on vegetation composition of species-rich grasslands
Julius Kühn-Institut, 2014Co-Authors: Seither Melanie, Elsässer MartinAbstract:The meadow saffron Colchicum Autumnale occurs on agricultural land predominantly in extensively managed grassland, often underlying nature preservation regulations. Due to its high toxicity if fresh or conserved (hay and silage), there is a need of control measures to ensure the future management and sward utilization of sites with occurrence of C. Autumnale. Until now it is unclear, to what extent common management recommendations affect the vegetation composition of species-rich grassland. In this study, the effect of different management measures (late hay cut with or without rolling, early hay cut, late mulching in May, early mulching in April, herbicide application with or without reseeding) on the number of C. Autumnale and the vegetation composition of a moderately species-rich Dauco-Arrhenatheretum elatioris (31 ± 4 species per m², mean ± standard deviation) was examined since 2006. The number of C. Autumnale was first significantly reduced three years after the start of the experiment in the early and late mulching treatments; in the next three experimental years treatment differences in C. Autumnale reduction did not increase significantly. With respect to vegetation composition, herbicide application had the overriding effect, as it decreased the plant species number and proportions of forbs significantly. The late hay cut preserved the original plant diversity, no negative effect of rolling or the early hay cut was observed. Early mulching resulted in an increase in Dactylis glomerata and Trisetum flavescens and in the decrease of Crepis biennis, Vicia sepium, Tragopogon pratense and Trifolium pratense; it had no negative effect on the total proportion of high nature value (HNV) species. Late mulching resulted in a significantly lower yield proportion of high nature value species in 2012 and less similar in vegetation composition compared to the late hay cut treatment than early mulching; therefore it seems not to be a suitable control measure of C. Autumnale in plant species-rich grassland on the long-term
Sukun Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity and sublethal effects of autumn crocus Colchicum Autumnale bulb powder on red imported fire ants solenopsis invicta
Toxins, 2020Co-Authors: Sukun Lin, Deqiang Qin, Yue Zhang, Qun Zheng, Liupeng Yang, Dongmei Cheng, Suqing Huang, Jianjun Chen, Zhixiang ZhangAbstract:Autumn crocus (Colchicum Autumnale L.) is a medicinal plant as it contains high concentrations of colchicine. In this study, we reported that the ground powder of autumn crocus bulb is highly toxic to invasive Solenopsis invicta Buren, commonly referred to as red imported fire ants (RIFAs). Ants fed with sugar water containing 5000 mg/L of bulb powder showed 54.67% mortality in three days compared to 45.33% mortality when fed with sugar water containing 50 mg/L of colchicine. Additionally, the effects of short-term feeding with sugar water containing 1 mg/L of colchicine and 100 mg/L of autumn crocus bulb powder were evaluated for RIFAs’ colony weight, food consumption, and aggressiveness, i.e., aggregation, grasping ability, and walking speed. After 15 days of feeding, the cumulative colony weight loss reached 44.63% and 58.73% due to the sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. The consumption of sugar water and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) was substantially reduced. The aggregation rates decreased 48.67% and 34.67%, grasping rates were reduced to 38.67% and 16.67%, and walking speed decreased 1.13 cm/s and 0.67 cm/s as a result of the feeding of the two sublethal concentrations of colchicine and autumn crocus bulb powder, respectively. Our results for the first time show that powder derived from autumn crocus bulbs could potentially be a botanical pesticide for controlling RIFAs, and application of such a product could be ecologically benign due to its rapid biodegradation in the environment.
Hannewald Paul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study of drug/receptor interaction by mass spectrometry : development and validation of new tests of molecular screening
2008Co-Authors: Hannewald PaulAbstract:La découverte de nouveaux médicaments par le criblage biomoléculaire est au centre de la recherche pharmaceutique actuelle. La spectrométrie de masse, en tant que technique d’analyse fiable, reproductible, sensible, spécifique, compatible avec de nombreux types d’échantillons et permettant un débit d’analyse conséquent, trouve ainsi sa place dans les stratégies de recherche et développement de nouveaux médicaments. Le but de ce travail était de mettre en place et de valider une stratégie originale, impliquant la désorption/ionisation laser assistée par matrice couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (MALDI-MS) comme technique de détection, en vue du criblage de la liaison de composés à des cibles moléculaires applicable directement à des extraits de plantes. Le protocole que nous avons développé s’articule en trois étapes successives qui sont l’incubation des molécules à tester avec la cible moléculaire choisie (la tubuline ou la DHFR), l’élimination des composés non liés et enfin l’analyse par MALDI-TOFMS des composés liés. Notre démarche a fait l’objet d’une démarche de validation et les résultats pouvant être obtenus ont été discutés. Le débit pouvant être évalué à 60 échantillons en 1h50 à 3h30 soit de 18 à 32 échantillons à l’heure. Enfin, une démarche innovante nous a permis de prouver que notre approche pouvait être utile également en criblage secondaire. L’application de notre approche à des extraits bruts de plantes (Colchique d’Automne, Pervenche de Madagascar et Thé vert) à permis de mettre en évidence 20 molécules actives se liant à l’une ou l’autre des cibles moléculaires utilisées et d’évaluer l’affinité relative de l’une d’entre ellesDiscovering new drugs by biomolecular screening is a central task of pharmaceutical research. Mass spectrometry, as a reliable, reproducible, sensitive and specific technique, compatible with a wide range of samples and offering an excellent throughput, shows its potential in different strategies of research and development. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new strategy, involving matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to screen the ability of different compounds, including plant extracts, to bind to two biological targets (tubulin and DHFR). The protocol is therefore divided into three main steps : an incubation of the compounds to be tested with target, an elimination of all unbound compounds and the MALDI-TOFMS detection of target-bound compounds. Our protocol was validated and the results that can be obtained were discussed. The throughput offered by this technique was evaluated as 60 samples in 1h50 to 3h30, or 18 to 32 samples per hour. Finally, we developed a new approach to perform a secondary screening of active compounds. The protocol was applied to screen crude plants extracts (Colchicum Autumnale, catharanthus roseus and green tea) and allowed to find 20 tubulin-binding or DHFR-binding molecules, and the relative affinity of one of these was also evaluate
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Etude de l'interaction médicament/récepteur par spectrométrie de masse : mise en place et validation de nouveaux protocoles de criblage moléculaire
HAL CCSD, 2008Co-Authors: Hannewald PaulAbstract:Discovering new drugs by biomolecular screening is a central task of pharmaceutical research. Mass spectrometry, as a reliable, reproducible, sensitive and specific technique, compatible with a wide range of samples and offering an excellent throughput, shows its potential in different strategies of research and development. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new strategy, involving matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to screen the ability of different compounds, including plant extracts, to bind to two biological targets (tubulin and DHFR). The protocol is therefore divided into three main steps : an incubation of the compounds to be tested with target, an elimination of all unbound compounds and the MALDI-TOFMS detection of target-bound compounds. Our protocol was validated and the results that can be obtained were discussed. The throughput offered by this technique was evaluated as 60 samples in 1h50 to 3h30, or 18 to 32 samples per hour. Finally, we developed a new approach to perform a secondary screening of active compounds. The protocol was applied to screen crude plants extracts (Colchicum Autumnale, catharanthus roseus and green tea) and allowed to find 20 tubulin-binding or DHFR-binding molecules, and the relative affinity of one of these was also evaluatedLa découverte de nouveaux médicaments par le criblage biomoléculaire est au centre de la recherche pharmaceutique actuelle. La spectrométrie de masse, en tant que technique d?analyse fiable, reproductible, sensible, spécifique, compatible avec de nombreux types d?échantillons et permettant un débit d?analyse conséquent, trouve ainsi sa place dans les stratégies de recherche et développement de nouveaux médicaments. Le but de ce travail était de mettre en place et de valider une stratégie originale, impliquant la désorption/ionisation laser assistée par matrice couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (MALDI-MS) comme technique de détection, en vue du criblage de la liaison de composés à des cibles moléculaires applicable directement à des extraits de plantes. Le protocole que nous avons développé s?articule en trois étapes successives qui sont l?incubation des molécules à tester avec la cible moléculaire choisie (la tubuline ou la DHFR), l?élimination des composés non liés et enfin l?analyse par MALDI-TOFMS des composés liés. Notre démarche a fait l?objet d?une démarche de validation et les résultats pouvant être obtenus ont été discutés. Le débit pouvant être évalué à 60 échantillons en 1h50 à 3h30 soit de 18 à 32 échantillons à l?heure. Enfin, une démarche innovante nous a permis de prouver que notre approche pouvait être utile également en criblage secondaire. L?application de notre approche à des extraits bruts de plantes (Colchique d?Automne, Pervenche de Madagascar et Thé vert) à permis de mettre en évidence 20 molécules actives se liant à l?une ou l?autre des cibles moléculaires utilisées et d?évaluer l?affinité relative de l?une d?entre elle
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Etude de l'interaction médicament/récepteur par spectrométrie de masse (mise en place et validation de nouveaux protocoles de criblage moléculaire)
2008Co-Authors: Hannewald Paul, Muller Jean-françoisAbstract:La découverte de nouveaux médicaments par le criblage biomoléculaire est au centre de la recherche pharmaceutique actuelle. La spectrométrie de masse, en tant que technique d analyse fiable, reproductible, sensible, spécifique, compatible avec de nombreux types d échantillons et permettant un débit d analyse conséquent, trouve ainsi sa place dans les stratégies de recherche et développement de nouveaux médicaments. Le but de ce travail était de mettre en place et de valider une stratégie originale, impliquant la désorption/ionisation laser assistée par matrice couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (MALDI-MS) comme technique de détection, en vue du criblage de la liaison de composés à des cibles moléculaires applicable directement à des extraits de plantes. Le protocole que nous avons développé s articule en trois étapes successives qui sont l incubation des molécules à tester avec la cible moléculaire choisie (la tubuline ou la DHFR), l élimination des composés non liés et enfin l analyse par MALDI-TOFMS des composés liés. Notre démarche a fait l objet d une démarche de validation et les résultats pouvant être obtenus ont été discutés. Le débit pouvant être évalué à 60 échantillons en 1h50 à 3h30 soit de 18 à 32 échantillons à l heure. Enfin, une démarche innovante nous a permis de prouver que notre approche pouvait être utile également en criblage secondaire. L application de notre approche à des extraits bruts de plantes (Colchique d Automne, Pervenche de Madagascar et Thé vert) à permis de mettre en évidence 20 molécules actives se liant à l une ou l autre des cibles moléculaires utilisées et d évaluer l affinité relative de l une d entre ellesDiscovering new drugs by biomolecular screening is a central task of pharmaceutical research. Mass spectrometry, as a reliable, reproducible, sensitive and specific technique, compatible with a wide range of samples and offering an excellent throughput, shows its potential in different strategies of research and development. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new strategy, involving matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to screen the ability of different compounds, including plant extracts, to bind to two biological targets (tubulin and DHFR). The protocol is therefore divided into three main steps : an incubation of the compounds to be tested with target, an elimination of all unbound compounds and the MALDI-TOFMS detection of target-bound compounds. Our protocol was validated and the results that can be obtained were discussed. The throughput offered by this technique was evaluated as 60 samples in 1h50 to 3h30, or 18 to 32 samples per hour. Finally, we developed a new approach to perform a secondary screening of active compounds. The protocol was applied to screen crude plants extracts (Colchicum Autumnale, catharanthus roseus and green tea) and allowed to find 20 tubulin-binding or DHFR-binding molecules, and the relative affinity of one of these was also evaluatedMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF