The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frank Close - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion - Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion
Physics Today, 1992Co-Authors: Frank CloseAbstract:Frank Close, a leading physicist and talented popular science writer, reveals the true story of the Cold Fusion controversy--a story ignored until now in spite of the glare of publicity surrounding Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons. On March 23, 1989, these two Utah scientists held an astonishing press conference, maintaining that they had succeeded, working in secret, in harnessing atomic Fusion. What was the basis for their claims to have achieved Cold Fusion in a test tube in a basement laboratory, while other scientists--using magnets as big as houses and temperatures hotter than those in the center of the sun--were failing to produce as much power as they were using? Why did Fleischmann and Pons proclaim their "discovery" at a news conference, when first announcements of scientific results are almost always made within the scientific community? Why did the full-blown media event inspired by their initial report cause governments to reorient their research programs in hopes of cornering the "new technology"? And why did some scientists recklessly abandon their traditional painstaking methods in haste to be first to prove or discredit the experiment? Acquainted at first hand with investigations of Cold Fusion on two continents, Close is uniquely qualified to probe the motivations behind Fleischmann's and Pons's startling assertions and to explore the intellectual and political turmoil that surrounded the Cold Fusion debate. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
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too hot to handle the race for Cold Fusion
Physics Today, 1991Co-Authors: Frank CloseAbstract:Frank Close, a leading physicist and talented popular science writer, reveals the true story of the Cold Fusion controversy--a story ignored until now in spite of the glare of publicity surrounding Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons. On March 23, 1989, these two Utah scientists held an astonishing press conference, maintaining that they had succeeded, working in secret, in harnessing atomic Fusion. What was the basis for their claims to have achieved Cold Fusion in a test tube in a basement laboratory, while other scientists--using magnets as big as houses and temperatures hotter than those in the center of the sun--were failing to produce as much power as they were using? Why did Fleischmann and Pons proclaim their "discovery" at a news conference, when first announcements of scientific results are almost always made within the scientific community? Why did the full-blown media event inspired by their initial report cause governments to reorient their research programs in hopes of cornering the "new technology"? And why did some scientists recklessly abandon their traditional painstaking methods in haste to be first to prove or discredit the experiment? Acquainted at first hand with investigations of Cold Fusion on two continents, Close is uniquely qualified to probe the motivations behind Fleischmann's and Pons's startling assertions and to explore the intellectual and political turmoil that surrounded the Cold Fusion debate. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Akito Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear products of Cold Fusion by TSC theory
viXra, 2013Co-Authors: Akito TakahashiAbstract:Prediction of nuclear products by Cold Fusion events either for metal-deuterium system (Pd-D) and metal-protium system (Ni-H)is made by the TSC theory. The nucleon halo model of intermediate excited states is applied for final state inetractions. For metal-D system Cold Fusion, 23.8 MeV per He-4 generation with BOLEP and minor alpha peaks is predicted. For metal-H system, He-3 and D products with 7-2 MeV per event with very weak secondary gamma and neutron emission is predicted. Comparisons with experimental claims are discussed.
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Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory
Journal of Physical Science and Application, 2013Co-Authors: Akito TakahashiAbstract:This paper gives explanation on the basic physics of Cold Fusion by the TSC (tetrahedral symmetric condensate) theory. Models of TSC formation conditions in condensed matter are first proposed. Secondly formulas for Cold Fusion rates per D(H)-cluster are explained with typical quantitative results. The 4D/TSC Fusion and the 4H/TSC WS Fusion are answers, respectively for the D (deuterium)- system and the H (protium)-system.
H. Kozima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neutron Emission in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon
2011Co-Authors: H. KozimaAbstract:The physics of the Cold Fusion phenomenon (CFP), i.e. low energy nuclear reactions in solids including high density hydrogen isotopes at near room-temperature in a non-equilibrium condition including ambient radiations, has not yet been given appropriate explanations in spite of abundant experimental data obtained in these more than twenty years. We focus on the nature of neutrons from Cold Fusion (CF) materials observed in these years to investigate mechanisms relevant to nuclear reactions responsible to the neutron emission. In the data sets by Jones et al. (1989), Shani et al. (1989), Takahashi et al. (1990, 1991), Bressani et al. (1991, 1992), and Okamoto et al. (1993) obtained in the early stage of this field, we point out the energy spectrum of the emitted neutrons extends more than about 7 MeV – which is consistent with recent observation of neutrons with
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Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon
2008Co-Authors: H. KozimaAbstract:The Cold Fusion phenomenon (CFP) in Solid State-Nuclear Physics (SSNP) or Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS) occurs in composite systems with regular arrangements of host nuclei (C, Ti, Ni, Pd, etc.) and intervening hydrogen isotopes (H, D). We have figured out several features of experimental data sets in the CFP showing characteristics of many-particle effects such as (1) the inverse-power law of excess power generation [1, §2.12], (2) the stability effect of transmuted product nuclei (elements) [1, §2.11], and (3) bifurcation of intensity of Cold Fusion (CF) effects [2]. The systems (CF materials) where occurs the CFP have common properties with those where observed complexity experimentally which has also been investigated theoretically with computer simulation. We have microscopically analyzed CF materials to find out causes of events [1, Chap. 3, 6] resulting in the above-mentioned many-particle effects and explained the occurrence of the complexity in the CFP [3]. In our analyses, it was shown that the adjustable parameter nn appeared in the TNCF model which has been successful to give several quantitative relations between numbers of reactions Nx for events X in accordance with experimental data sets seems to be useful as a parameter governing the equation describing dynamical processes resulting in complexity. Using the parameter nn as one specifying recursion relations of the Cold Fusion phenomenon (CFP), classical experimental data sets such as those by Fleischmann et al. (1989), De Ninno et al. (1989), and McKubre et al. (1993) have revived as typical examples showing some phases of the CFP related with complexity. Thus, the controversial questions such as reproducibility
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Discovery of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon
The Science of the Cold Fusion Phenomenon, 2006Co-Authors: H. KozimaAbstract:This chapter provides a general overview of the Cold Fusion phenomenon (CFP). The future of Cold Fusion research is not smooth, and it reflects the social and scientific situation of the end of the twentieth century. Investigation of the history of Cold Fusion research and of the Cold Fusion phenomenon gives a precious lesson about science and the relationship between science and society. This chapter shows a real process of scientific research, using the first stage of the Cold Fusion research as an example, and also reveals the factors biasing the process. Cold Fusion research is a creation of a new paradigm, and it should be interesting and instructive not only for natural scientists but also for other people who are not engaged in natural science to learn the interesting structure of solid-state nuclear physics revealed by events in the CFP. This chapter also discusses various experiments that explained different phenomenon, such as the problem of reproducibility,control experiments with light water H 2 O, conditions for Fusions reactions in solids, and discusses about free space in detail.
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The Cold Fusion Phenomenon as a Complexity (1) - Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon -
2005Co-Authors: H. KozimaAbstract:The science of complex systems treats such problems as why simple particles organize themselves spontaneously complex structures like stars, galaxies, hurricanes, and Coulomb lattices of neutron and proton clusters surrounded by a dilute neutron gas in the neutron star matter, as what is the cause of 1/f – fluctuation, and as what means the edge of chaos. The Cold Fusion phenomenon (CFP) has revealed such nature of many-particle effects as a complexity as shown by various experimental results as the “stability effect” in the nuclear transmutation and the “inverse-power law” in the excess power generation. The complexity of the Cold Fusion phenomenon originates in the non-linear interactions between millions of agents (component particles in the Cold Fusion materials) and is magnified by enormous energy difference (about an order of 108) of the cause (atomic) and the effect (nuclear). Existence of complexity in the Cold Fusion phenomenon is explained in this paper.
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Plasma Fusion and Cold Fusion
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1996 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 1Co-Authors: H. KozimaAbstract:Summary form only given. Fundamental problems of plasma Fusion (controlled thermonuclear Fusion) due to the contradicting demands of the magnetic confinement of plasma and suppression of instabilities occurring on and in plasma are surveyed in contrast with problems of Cold Fusion. Problems in Cold Fusion due to the complicated constituents and types of force are explained. Typical Cold Fusion events are explained by a model based on the presence of trapped neutrons in Cold Fusion materials. The events include Pons-Fleishmann effect, tritium anomaly, helium 4 production, and nuclear transmutation. The fundamental hypothesis of the model is an effectiveness of a new concept-neutron affinity of elements. The neutron affinity is defined and some bases supporting it are explained. Possible justification of the concept by a statistical approach is given.
Takaaki Matsumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experiments of One-Point Cold Fusion
Fusion Technology, 1993Co-Authors: Takaaki MatsumotoAbstract:Experiments of one-point Cold Fusion have been performed by electrical discharging in ordinary and heavy water mixed with 0.6 mol/l potassium carbonate. A platinum pin anode was located perpendicular to a copper plate cathode. After discharge, the surfaces of the copper plates were examined by an optical microscope. Many ring spots caused by gravity decay of single and di-neutrons were separately distributed on the plates. Furthermore, several kinds of traces that might be produced by itonic hydrogen clusters and by tiny black and white holes were observed. The mechanisms of Cold Fusion by electrical discharge are also discussed in terms of the Nattoh model. 13 refs., 12 figs.
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Observation of stars produced during Cold Fusion
Fusion Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Takaaki MatsumotoAbstract:It has been indicated tht multiple-neutron nuclei such as quad-neutrons can be emitted during Cold Fusion. These multiple-neutrons might bombard the nuclei of materials outside a Cold Fusion cell to cause nuclear reactions. In this paper, observations of nuclear emulsions that were irradiated during a Cold Fusion experiment with heavy water and palladium foil are described. Various traces, like stars, showing nuclear reactions caused by the multiple-neutrons have been clearly observed.
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Searching for tiny black holes during Cold Fusion
Fusion Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Takaaki MatsumotoAbstract:A previous technical note suggests that Cold Fusion is a small-scale simulation of events that occur in Cold stars far-away in the universe. Therefore, it is expected that tiny black holes might be produced during Cold Fusion. In this paper, a search for tiny black holes whose traces might have been recorded on nuclear emulsions is described. Several traces suggesting the production and evaporation of tiny black holes have been successfully observed.
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Microscopic observations of palladium used for Cold Fusion
Fusion Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Takaaki MatsumotoAbstract:This paper examines the microscopic structures of palladium metals used for Cold Fusion experiments. Tiny spot defects suggesting Cold Fusion have been observed in grain boundaries as the Nattoh model predicts. The relationship between these defects and a series of neutron busts and an indirect loop of hydrogen chain reactions are discussed.
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Observation of Heavy Elements Produced During Explosive Cold Fusion
Fusion Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Takaaki Matsumoto, Kazuya KurokawaAbstract:This paper reports on many-body Fusion reactions that may take place during Cold Fusion. Heavy elements are observed that might have been produced by such reactions during electrolysis of heavy water. Elements such as sodium, magnesium, aluminum, and zinc are observed inside grain-shaped defects in a palladium rod used in a Cold Fusion experiment.
Toni Feder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DOE Warms to Cold Fusion
Physics Today, 2004Co-Authors: Toni FederAbstract:Whether outraged or supportive about DOE’s planned reevaluation of Cold Fusion, most scientists remain deeply skeptical that it’s real.