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Helene Quesnel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nutritional and endocrine control of colostrogenesis in swine
animal, 2019Co-Authors: Helene Quesnel, Chantal FarmerAbstract:Colostrum plays an essential role in ensuring the survival, growth and health of piglets by providing energy, nutrients, immunoglobulins, growth factors and many other bioactive components and cells. Both Colostrum yield and composition are highly variable among sows, yet mechanisms and factors that regulate colostrogenesis are not fully known. Unlike sow milk yield, sow Colostrum yield is not highly determined by litter size and suckling intensity but is largely driven by sow-related factors. Colostrum synthesis is under hormonal control, with prolactin and progesterone concentrations prepartum having, respectively, positive and negative influences on Colostrum yield. Less is known about the endocrine control of the end of colostrogenesis in swine, which is characterized by the closure of tight junctions in the mammary epithelium and the cessation of transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) into lacteal secretions. Recent studies indicate that exogenous hormones may influence colostrogenesis. Inducing parturition by injecting prostaglandin F2α on day 114 of gestation in combination with an oxytocin-like molecule reduced Colostrum yield, and injection of prostaglandin F2α alone either reduced Colostrum yield or had no effect. Injecting a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin to sows in the early postpartum period delayed the tightening of mammary tight junctions, thereby prolonging the colostral phase and increasing concentrations of IGF-I and IgG and IgA in early milk. The development of strategies to improve Colostrum composition in swine through maternal feeding has been largely explored but very few attempts were made to increase Colostrum yield. This is most likely because of the difficulty in measuring Colostrum yield in swine. The fatty acid content of Colostrum greatly depends on the amount of lipids provided in the sow diet during late gestation, whereas the fatty acid profile is largely influenced by the type of lipid being fed to the pregnant sow. Moreover, various ingredients that presumably have immuno-modulating effects (such as fish oil, prebiotics and probiotics) increased concentrations of IgG, IgA and/or IgM in sow Colostrum when they were provided during the last weeks of gestation. Finally, there is some evidence that sow nutrition during late gestation may influence Colostrum yield but this clearly warrants more research. This review emphasizes that although progress has been made in understanding the control of colostrogenesis in swine, and that strategies exist to manipulate fat and immunoglobulin contents of Colostrum, ways to increase Colostrum yield are still lacking.
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Nutritional and endocrine control of colostrogenesis
2018Co-Authors: Helene QuesnelAbstract:Colostrum plays an essential role in ensuring the health, survival, and growth of piglets by providing energy, immunoglobulins, growth factors and many other bioactive components. Both Colostrum yield and composition are highly variable among sows, yet mechanisms and factors that regulate colostrogenesis are not tully known. Unlike sow milk yield, sow Colostrum yield is not highly determined by litter size and suckling intensity but is largely driven by sow-related factors. Colostrum synthesis is under hormonal control, with prolactin and progesterone concentrations prepartum having, respectively, positive and negative influences on Colostrum yield. Less is known about the endocrine control of the end of colostrogenesis, which is characterized by the closure of tight junctions in the mammary epithelium and the cessation of immunoglobulin G transfer into lacteal secretions. Recent studies indicate that exogenous hormones may influence colostrogenesis. lnducing parturition by injecting prostaglandin F2alpha in combination with an oxytocin-like molecule reduced Colostrum yield, and injection of prostaglandin F2alpha alone either reduced Colostrum yield or had no effect. lnjecting a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin to sows in the early postpartum period delayed the tightening of mammary tight junctions, thereby prolonging the colostral phase and increasing concentrations of IGF-1, immunoglobulins G and A in early milk. The development of strategies to improve Colostrum composition through maternai feeding has been largely explored whereas very few attempts were made to increase Colostrum yield. This is most likely because of the difficulty in measuring Colostrum yield. The fatty acid content of Colostrum greatly depends on the amount of lipids provided in the sow diet during late gestation, whereas the fatty acid profile is largely influenced by the type of lipid being fed to the pregnant sow. Moreover, various ingredients that presumably have immune-modulating effects (such as fish oil and prebiotics mannan or short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) increased concentrations of lgG, lgA and/or lgM in sow Colostrum when they were provided during the last weeks of gestation. Finally, there is sorne evidence that sow nutrition during late gestation may influence Colostrum yield but this clearly warrants more research.
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Sow influence on neonatal survival: a special focus on Colostrum
2015Co-Authors: Helene QuesnelAbstract:The main cause of early postnatal deaths in piglets is hypothermia due to an inadequate intake of Colostrum. Colostrum consumption is the outcome of complex interactions between the sow, the piglet, the litter and the environment. The sow and gestation process may have an impact on many factors that are determinant for Colostrum intake and rates of survival, such as piglet weight, maturity and vitality at birth, or within-litter variation in birth weight. Colostrum intake also depends on the ability of the sow to produce Colostrum in sufficient quantity to fulfill the needs of the whole litter. Sow Colostrum yield is a limiting factor for piglet survival during the few days after birth and for piglet health and growth until weaning. Sow Colostrum yield is even more limiting in the current context where hyperprolific sow lines are being used. Colostrum is produced during a distinct physiological stage of lactation that is different from milk production. Unlike sow milk yield, sow Colostrum yield is not highly determined by litter size and suckling intensity. Factors that affect Colostrum yield are less known than those affecting milk yield. Colostrum production is under hormonal control, with prolactin and progesterone concentrations prepartum having respectively positive and negative influence on Colostrum yield. Colostrum yield varies with parity. The most recent studies collectively indicate that sow nutrition during late gestation is important for the Colostrum yield of sows, but it is at present unknown which part of gestation is most critical for Colostrum production. The potential impact of mammary gland development, on the one hand, and of sow metabolic status, on the other hand, on Colostrum yield clearly warrants more research. There is also a large body of evidence that maternal feeding during the peripartal period may influence the composition of Colostrum, especially the immunoglobulin contents. Consequences of such nutritional strategies on piglet survival and health need however to be further investigated.
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Colostrum production by sows: variability of Colostrum yield and immunoglobulin G concentrations
Animal, 2011Co-Authors: Helene QuesnelAbstract:Colostrum provides newborn piglets with energy, immunoglobulins and growth, thereby playing an essential role in piglet survival. However, Colostrum yield and composition are highly variable among sows. Some of the factors involved in this variability have been identified. The aim of the study was to confirm previous findings on a large number of animals and to investigate other potential factors of variation, such as the process of farrowing and the morphological changes of the mammary epithelium that occur during the 24 h postpartum. The experiment was conducted on 16 Large White (LW) and 56 Landrace (LR) × Large White (LR × LW) crossbred sows of mixed parities and their litters. Most farrowings were induced at 113 days of gestation and all farrowings were attended. Each piglet was weighed at birth and 24 h after farrowing started (t24). Colostrum ingestion by individual piglets was estimated using piglet weight gains from birth to t24. Colostrum production by sows was estimated by summing up Colostrum intakes by each piglet of the litter. Colostrum was collected at the onset of farrowing (t0) and at t24 to determine concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG), Na and K. Analyses of correlations and multiple regressions were performed to identify the variables involved in variation of Colostrum yield and IgG concentrations. Colostrum yield was not related to litter size and weight (P > 0.1). It was negatively correlated with the number of stillborn piglets (r = −0.33, P = 0.005) and within-litter variation of piglet birth weight (r = −0.24, P = 0.04). It was not related to the Na/K ratio in the Colostrum, which is an indicator of the integrity of the mammary epithelium. When sows were categorised according to their level of Colostrum yield, sows that produced a low yield of Colostrum had more stillborn piglets at birth than the other sows (P < 0.05) and tended to have a longer birth interval during the early process of parturition (P < 0.1). At t24, concentrations of IgG in the Colostrum were positively correlated with the Na/K ratio in the Colostrum (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), which indicates the concomitance of the cessation of IgG transfer to the Colostrum and the changes in the morphology of the mammary epithelium. This study points out the need for future research on the role of the hormones involved in both the process of parturition and lactogenesis in the relationship between stillbirth, process of parturition and Colostrum production.
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relationships between Colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around parturition
Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: A Foisnet, Helene Quesnel, C. Farmer, C. DavidAbstract:: Relationships between hormonal and metabolic changes around parturition and Colostrum yield and composition were investigated in 16 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows. Blood samples were taken daily from d 105 of pregnancy to d 2 postpartum (with d 0 being the day of parturition). Colostrum samples were taken at the onset of parturition (T0), and then 3, 6, and 24 h later (T3, T6, and T24, respectively). Colostrum yield was calculated from the beginning of parturition until 24 h later by adding Colostrum intake of individual piglets, which was estimated from their BW gain. Colostrum yield averaged 3.22 +/- 0.34 kg. Four sows had very low Colostrum production (1.10 +/- 0.12 kg; n = 4), whereas the others produced between 2.83 and 4.64 kg of Colostrum (3.93 +/- 0.16 kg; n = 12). Compared with the high-Colostrum-producing sows, the low-Colostrum-producing sows tended (P 0.1) was found between IgG concentrations in Colostrum at any time and prolactin, estradiol-17beta, progesterone, or cortisol. In conclusion, sows that produced a low yield of Colostrum were characterized by a leaky mammary epithelium and reduced synthesis of lactose, related to delayed hormonal changes before parturition.
Yannick Le Cozler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Évaluation de différentes procédures de prélèvement pour évaluer la teneur en immunoglobulines G du Colostrum chez la vache laitière et intérêt d'une première buvée contrôlée
2014Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, Eric Le Dréan, Hervé Turban, Frédéric Leboeuf, Jocelyne Guinard-flament, Yannick Le CozlerAbstract:L’objectif de cette étude était de savoir si l’évaluation de la teneur en Immunoglobulines G (IgG) du Colostrum chez la vache laitière Prim’Holstein était différente selon qu’elle se réalisait sur un échantillon de lait composite des quatre quartiers issus de la première traite (pratique courante), sur le lait issu d’un seul quartier ou à plusieurs moment de la première traite. Pour ce faire, la teneur en IgG a été mesurée par immuno-diffusion radiale (IDR) à la fois sur un échantillon prélevé de la première traite des 4 quartiers (lait composite) et à la fois sur un échantillon des autres quartiers et ce sur 78 vaches. De plus, 9 vaches ont fait l’objet de 7 à 9 prélèvements en cours de première traite afin d’évaluer un effet potentiel « moment du prélèvement ». Il ressort qu’au seuil de 50g/L pour considérer un Colostrum de « bonne qualité » ou du moins de qualité acceptable, il n’y avait aucune influence ni du moment de prélèvement ni du type de prélèvement sur la mesure de la teneur en IgG. Compte-tenu de la capacité de buvée des veaux observée dans l’étude, il peut être recommandé de donner entre 2 et 4 litres dans les 2 premières heures de vie du veau, le Colostrum pouvant être collecté préférentiellement des quartiers postérieurs. La quantité administrée est cruciale comptetenu de la qualité des Colostrums de vaches laitières.
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Evaluation de différentes procédures de prélèvement pour évaluer la teneur en Immunoglobulines G du Colostrum chez la vache laitière et intérêt d’une première buvée contrôlée
Bulletin des G.T.V., 2013Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, Eric Le Dréan, Hervé Turban, Frédéric Leboeuf, Jocelyne Guinard-flament, Yannick Le CozlerAbstract:Une étude a été menée pour savoir si l’évaluation de la teneur en immunoglobulinesG (IgG) du Colostrum chez la vache laitière Prim’Holstein différait, selon qu’elle se réalisait sur un échantillon de lait composite des quatre quartiers issus de la première traite (pratique courante), sur le lait issu d’un seul quartier, ou à plusieurs moments de la première traite. La teneur en IgG a été mesurée sur 78 vaches par immuno-diffusion radiale(IDR), à la fois sur un échantillon prélevé de la première traite des 4 quartiers(lait composite) et sur un échantillon des autres quartiers. De plus,9 vaches ont fait l’objet de 7 à 9 prélèvements en cours de première traite pour évaluer un effet potentiel « moment du prélèvement ». Il ressort qu’au seuil de 50 g/L pour considérer un Colostrum de « bonne qualité »ou de qualité acceptable, il n’y avait aucune influence ni du moment de prélèvement, ni du type de prélèvement, sur la mesure de la teneur enIgG. Compte tenu de la capacité de buvée des veaux observée dans l’étude, il peut être recommandé de donner 2 à 4 litres dans les 2 premières heures de vie du veau, le Colostrum pouvant être collecté préférentiellement des quartiers postérieurs. La quantité administrée est cruciale en raison de la qualité des Colostrums de vaches laitières.
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Prédire la production colostrale des truies par deux pesées successives de porcelets au cours des 48 premières heures de vie
2009Co-Authors: Yannick Le Cozler, Gwenaëlle Larour, Jean Le DividichAbstract:Data presented in this paper aimed to establish a simple method to estimate Colostrum intake by new-born piglets and hence Colostrum production of the sows. Results were obtained in two different experimental herds and based on 20 (trial 1) and 14 sows (trial 2), respectively. The best correlation was found between body weight gain from birth to 24 hours of age and body weight gain between two successive weightings, between and t + 24 hours, within 48 hours after parturition. Results were better on a litter basis than on individual basis (R2= 0.77 and R2= 0.59, respectively in trial 1; R2= 0.84 and R2= 0.57, respectively in trial 2). As litter body weight gain between birth and 24 hours of age is closely related to Colostrum production, this method might be of interest to estimate sow ability to produce Colostrums and could be used to select sows on this basis. Despite being conducted on a limited number of animals and/or litters, this procedure appeared to be well adapted for studies on a large number of animals
A J Heinrichs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Colostrum heat treatment and bacterial population on immunoglobulin g absorption and health of neonatal calves
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015Co-Authors: S L Gelsinger, C M Jones, A J HeinrichsAbstract:Abstract Improved IgG absorption in calves fed heat-treated Colostrum has been attributed to the reduced bacteria content in Colostrum after heat treatment. However, at least one study reported that Colostrum bacteria content did not affect IgG absorption. The main objective of the current study was a more conclusive test of the combined effects of Colostrum bacteria content and heat treatment on IgG absorption. Comparison of conclusions from plasma IgG as measured by radial immunodiffusion and ELISA and comparison of health scores in the first week of life were secondary and tertiary objectives. Colostrum from individual cows was pooled, divided, either heat treated or unheated, and allowed to incubate for bacterial growth or not. The 4 treatments were unheated, low bacteria; unheated, high bacteria; heat-treated, low bacteria; and heat-treated, high bacteria. Plasma samples were collected from bull calves (n=25–27 per treatment) before and 48h after Colostrum feeding for IgG and total protein analysis. Fecal, respiratory, and general health scores were assigned daily for the first 7 d. Plasma IgG, total protein, apparent efficiency of IgG absorption, and frequency of illness were analyzed using the MIXED and FREQ procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Plasma IgG values from ELISA were lower than radial immunodiffusion; however, conclusions were similar. Greater Colostrum bacteria content reduced total protein, plasma IgG, and efficiency of IgG absorption. Heat treatment tended to improve 48-h plasma IgG as measured by ELISA. Respiratory scores were not affected by Colostrum treatment, but calves fed heat-treated, low-bacteria Colostrum tended to experience fewer scour days. These results provide conclusive evidence for the benefits of minimizing bacterial contamination in Colostrum for feeding calves.
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technical note comparison of radial immunodiffusion and elisa for quantification of bovine immunoglobulin g in Colostrum and plasma
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015Co-Authors: S L Gelsinger, C M Jones, A M Smith, A J HeinrichsAbstract:Abstract Historically, radial immunodiffusion (RID) has been the only method that directly measures IgG; however, recent studies have reported IgG concentrations in Colostrum, milk, and plasma as measured using an ELISA. To our knowledge no comparison between RID and ELISA methods has been made for bovine Colostrum or plasma. The objective of this study was to compare IgG concentrations measured by both methods in samples of bovine Colostrum before and after heat treatment and bovine plasma. Concentration of IgG was quantified using a commercially available RID kit and a modified ELISA. Samples of bovine Colostrum and plasma were collected from individual animals and Colostrum was tested before and after heat treatment at 60°C for 30min. All samples were tested using both methods. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined for RID and ELISA values from unheated Colostrum, heat-treated Colostrum, and plasma samples. Mixed models were used to determine the effect of assay on IgG measurement in Colostrum and plasma and effect of heat treatment on IgG concentration in Colostrum. A weak correlation was found between ELISA and RID results in plasma and unheated Colostrum. Concentration of IgG was significantly lower in all sample types when measured by ELISA compared to RID. Thus, direct comparison of ELISA and RID results is not recommended. Colostrum IgG concentration significantly decreased after heat treatment as measured by ELISA, but means were not different when measured by RID. Correlation plots between Colostrum values measured before and after heat treatment indicated changes in the Colostrum protein matrix due to heat affected RID and ELISA assays differently. This investigation compared RID and ELISA results, but no conclusions could be drawn as to the accuracy of either assay.
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Feeding heat-treated Colostrum or unheated Colostrum with two different bacterial concentrations to neonatal dairy calves.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2009Co-Authors: J.a. Elizondo-salazar, A J HeinrichsAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding heat-treated Colostrum or unheated Colostrum of different bacterial counts on passive transfer of immunity in neonatal dairy calves. First milking Colostrum was collected from Holstein cows, frozen at –20°C, and then thawed and pooled into a single batch. One-third of the pooled Colostrum was transferred into plastic containers and frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding (unheated-low bacteria). Another third was heat-treated at 60°C for 30min and then frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding (heat-treated). The final third of Colostrum was transferred into plastic containers, stored at 20°C for bacteria to grow for 24h (unheated-high bacteria), and then frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding. A total of 30 Holstein bull calves weighing ≥30kg at birth were systematically enrolled into 1 of the 3 treatment groups. Calves were separated from their dams at birth before suckling occurred. Before Colostrum was fed, a jugular blood sample was collected from each calf. The first feeding consisted of 3.8L of Colostrum containing, on average, 68g of IgG/L using an esophageal feeder between 1.5 and 2h after birth. For the second and third feeding pasteurized whole milk at 5% of birth weight was fed. Blood samples were collected before Colostrum feeding and at 24 and 48h of age to determine serum total protein (STP) and IgG concentrations. Heat treatment of Colostrum at 60°C for 30min reduced Colostrum bacteria concentration yet maintained colostral IgG concentration and viscosity at similar levels to the control treatment. Calves fed heat-treated Colostrum had significantly greater STP and IgG concentrations at 24h and greater apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of IgG (STP=62.5g/L; IgG=26.7g/L; AEA=43.9%) compared with calves fed unheated-low bacteria Colostrum (STP=57.0g/L; IgG=20.2g/L; AEA=35.4%) or unheated-high bacteria Colostrum (STP=56.2g/L; IgG=20.1g/L; AEA=32.4%). High bacteria load in Colostrum did not interfere with total protein or IgG absorption or AEA.
A Foisnet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationships between Colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around parturition
Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: A Foisnet, Helene Quesnel, C. Farmer, C. DavidAbstract:: Relationships between hormonal and metabolic changes around parturition and Colostrum yield and composition were investigated in 16 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows. Blood samples were taken daily from d 105 of pregnancy to d 2 postpartum (with d 0 being the day of parturition). Colostrum samples were taken at the onset of parturition (T0), and then 3, 6, and 24 h later (T3, T6, and T24, respectively). Colostrum yield was calculated from the beginning of parturition until 24 h later by adding Colostrum intake of individual piglets, which was estimated from their BW gain. Colostrum yield averaged 3.22 +/- 0.34 kg. Four sows had very low Colostrum production (1.10 +/- 0.12 kg; n = 4), whereas the others produced between 2.83 and 4.64 kg of Colostrum (3.93 +/- 0.16 kg; n = 12). Compared with the high-Colostrum-producing sows, the low-Colostrum-producing sows tended (P 0.1) was found between IgG concentrations in Colostrum at any time and prolactin, estradiol-17beta, progesterone, or cortisol. In conclusion, sows that produced a low yield of Colostrum were characterized by a leaky mammary epithelium and reduced synthesis of lactose, related to delayed hormonal changes before parturition.
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Relationships between Colostrum production by primiparous sows and sow physiology around parturition
Journal of Animal Science, 2010Co-Authors: A Foisnet, C. David, Chantal Farmer, Helene QuesnelAbstract:Relationships between hormonal and metabolic changes around parturition and Colostrum yield and composition were investigated in 16 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows. Blood samples were taken daily from d 105 of pregnancy to d 2 postpartum (with d 0 being the day of parturition). Colostrum samples were taken at the onset of parturition (T0), and then 3, 6, and 24 h later (T3, T6, and T24, respectively). Colostrum yield was calculated from the beginning of parturition until 24 h later by adding Colostrum intake of individual piglets, which was estimated from their BW gain. Colostrum yield averaged 3.22 +/- 0.34 kg. Four sows had very low Colostrum production (1.10 +/- 0.12 kg; n = 4), whereas the others produced between 2.83 and 4.64 kg of Colostrum (3.93 +/- 0.16 kg; n = 12). Compared with the high-Colostrum-producing sows, the low-Colostrum-producing sows tended (P < 0.1) to have greater plasma concentrations of progesterone during the 20-h prepartum and tended (P < 0.1) to have smaller plasma concentrations of prolactin 40 and 30 h before parturition. Sows with a low Colostrum yield had greater plasma concentrations of glucose than sows with a high Colostrum yield from d 9 to 2 (P < 0.05). At the onset of parturition, Colostrum from low-producing sows had greater percentages (P < 0.01) of DM, lipids, and GE, but less (P < 0.05) lactose, than that from high-producing sows. The Na:K ratio in Colostrum during the 6 h postpartum was greater (P < 0.01) in low-producing sows than in high-producing sows, indicating that cellular junctions between epithelial mammary cells were less tightly closed. Concentrations of IgG in Colostrum varied greatly between sows and decreased by approximately 80% between T0 and T24. Within high-producing sows, concentrations of IgG in Colostrum at T0, T3, and T6 were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with lactose concentrations in Colostrum at the same times and were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with plasma concentrations of IGF-I measured from d 9 to 0. In contrast, no correlation (P > 0.1) was found between IgG concentrations in Colostrum at any time and prolactin, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, or cortisol. In conclusion, sows that produced a low yield of Colostrum were characterized by a leaky mammary epithelium and reduced synthesis of lactose, related to delayed hormonal changes before parturition.
C M Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Colostrum heat treatment and bacterial population on immunoglobulin g absorption and health of neonatal calves
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015Co-Authors: S L Gelsinger, C M Jones, A J HeinrichsAbstract:Abstract Improved IgG absorption in calves fed heat-treated Colostrum has been attributed to the reduced bacteria content in Colostrum after heat treatment. However, at least one study reported that Colostrum bacteria content did not affect IgG absorption. The main objective of the current study was a more conclusive test of the combined effects of Colostrum bacteria content and heat treatment on IgG absorption. Comparison of conclusions from plasma IgG as measured by radial immunodiffusion and ELISA and comparison of health scores in the first week of life were secondary and tertiary objectives. Colostrum from individual cows was pooled, divided, either heat treated or unheated, and allowed to incubate for bacterial growth or not. The 4 treatments were unheated, low bacteria; unheated, high bacteria; heat-treated, low bacteria; and heat-treated, high bacteria. Plasma samples were collected from bull calves (n=25–27 per treatment) before and 48h after Colostrum feeding for IgG and total protein analysis. Fecal, respiratory, and general health scores were assigned daily for the first 7 d. Plasma IgG, total protein, apparent efficiency of IgG absorption, and frequency of illness were analyzed using the MIXED and FREQ procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Plasma IgG values from ELISA were lower than radial immunodiffusion; however, conclusions were similar. Greater Colostrum bacteria content reduced total protein, plasma IgG, and efficiency of IgG absorption. Heat treatment tended to improve 48-h plasma IgG as measured by ELISA. Respiratory scores were not affected by Colostrum treatment, but calves fed heat-treated, low-bacteria Colostrum tended to experience fewer scour days. These results provide conclusive evidence for the benefits of minimizing bacterial contamination in Colostrum for feeding calves.
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technical note comparison of radial immunodiffusion and elisa for quantification of bovine immunoglobulin g in Colostrum and plasma
Journal of Dairy Science, 2015Co-Authors: S L Gelsinger, C M Jones, A M Smith, A J HeinrichsAbstract:Abstract Historically, radial immunodiffusion (RID) has been the only method that directly measures IgG; however, recent studies have reported IgG concentrations in Colostrum, milk, and plasma as measured using an ELISA. To our knowledge no comparison between RID and ELISA methods has been made for bovine Colostrum or plasma. The objective of this study was to compare IgG concentrations measured by both methods in samples of bovine Colostrum before and after heat treatment and bovine plasma. Concentration of IgG was quantified using a commercially available RID kit and a modified ELISA. Samples of bovine Colostrum and plasma were collected from individual animals and Colostrum was tested before and after heat treatment at 60°C for 30min. All samples were tested using both methods. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined for RID and ELISA values from unheated Colostrum, heat-treated Colostrum, and plasma samples. Mixed models were used to determine the effect of assay on IgG measurement in Colostrum and plasma and effect of heat treatment on IgG concentration in Colostrum. A weak correlation was found between ELISA and RID results in plasma and unheated Colostrum. Concentration of IgG was significantly lower in all sample types when measured by ELISA compared to RID. Thus, direct comparison of ELISA and RID results is not recommended. Colostrum IgG concentration significantly decreased after heat treatment as measured by ELISA, but means were not different when measured by RID. Correlation plots between Colostrum values measured before and after heat treatment indicated changes in the Colostrum protein matrix due to heat affected RID and ELISA assays differently. This investigation compared RID and ELISA results, but no conclusions could be drawn as to the accuracy of either assay.
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influence of pooled Colostrum or Colostrum replacement on igg and evaluation of animal plasma in milk replacer
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: C M Jones, R. E. James, J D Quigley, M L McgilliardAbstract:Abstract Newborn Holstein (n=48) and Jersey (n=30) calves were studied to compare absorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from maternal Colostrum (n=39) or Colostrum replacement containing an Ig concentrate derived from bovine serum (n=39). Calves were also fed milk replacer with (n=38) or without (n=40) animal plasma (20% of crude protein) to 29 d of age to determine effect of plasma protein on IgG status, health, and growth. Calves were fed maternal Colostrum or Colostrum replacement at 1.5 and 13.5h of age and provided a total of 250 or 249 and 180 or 186g of IgG for Holsteins and Jerseys fed maternal Colostrum or Colostrum replacement, respectively. Milk replacer (12.5% DM) was fed at 31% of metabolic birth weight (2 feedings/d). Plasma was sampled at 0h, 24h, and weekly to determine IgG by turbidimetric immunoassay. At blood collection, calves were weighed and measured to determine growth. Health scores, fecal scores, and grain intake were measured daily. Plasma IgG at 24h did not differ between calves fed maternal Colostrum (13.78±0.39g/L) and Colostrum replacement (13.96±0.38g/L). Average daily gain, withers height, hip height, body length, heart girth, health, and incidence of diarrhea were not different between treatment groups. Calves fed maternal Colostrum used feed more efficiently than calves fed Colostrum replacement. Plasma IgG and performance were not affected by the addition of animal plasma to milk replacer. The Colostrum replacement used in this study provided adequate IgG for newborn calves. Animal plasma was an acceptable source of protein but did not enhance growth or immunity under the conditions of this study.