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J.l. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:Background: In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. Results: A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. Conclusion: The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
B Gutierrezgil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:Background: In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. Results: A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. Conclusion: The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
Pamela Wiener - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:Background: In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. Results: A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. Conclusion: The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
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genetic effects on coat Colour in cattle dilution of eumelanin and phaeomelanin pigments in an f2 backcross charolais holstein population
BMC Genetics, 2007Co-Authors: B Gutierrezgil, Pamela Wiener, J.l. WilliamsAbstract:In cattle, the gene coding for the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) is known to be the main regulator of the switch between the two coat Colour pigments: eumelanin (black pigment) and phaeomelanin (red pigment). Some breeds, such as Charolais and Simmental, exhibit a lightening of the original pigment over the whole body. The dilution mutation in Charolais (Dc) is responsible for the white coat Colour of this breed. Using an F2-Backcross Charolais × Holstein population which includes animals with both pigment backgrounds, we present a linkage mapping study of the Charolais dilution locus. A Charolais × Holstein crossbred population was investigated for genetic effects on coat Colour dilution. Three different traits representing the dilution of the phaeomelanin, eumelanin, and non-pigment-specific dilution were defined. Highly significant genome-wide associations were detected on chromosome 5 for the three traits analysed in the marker interval [ETH10-DIK5248]. The SILV gene was examined as the strongest positional and functional candidate gene. A previously reported non-synonymous mutation in exon 1 of this gene, SILV c.64A>G, was associated with the coat Colour dilution phenotype in this resource population. Although some discrepancies were identified between this mutation and the dilution phenotype, no convincing recombination events were found between the SILV c.64A>G mutation and the Dc locus. Further analysis identified a region on chromosome 28 influencing the variation in pigment intensity for a given coat Colour Category. The present study has identified a region on bovine chromosome 5 that harbours the major locus responsible for the dilution of the eumelanin and phaeomelanin seen in Charolais crossbred cattle. In this study, no convincing evidence was found to exclude SILV c.64A>G as the causative mutation for the Charolais dilution phenotype, although other genetic effects may influence the coat Colour variation in the population studied. A region on chromosome 28 influences the intensity of pigment within coat Colour categories, and therefore may include a modifier of the Dc locus. A candidate gene for this effect, LYST, was identified.
Carlos R Ruizmiranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of pelage pigmentation in the recognition of mothers in a group by 2 to 4 month old domestic goat kids
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1993Co-Authors: Carlos R RuizmirandaAbstract:Abstract This study investigated whether domestic goat kids ( Capra hircus ) use pelage pigmentation as a cue to recognize their mothers within a group of 30 does. Observations on the use of auditory cues were carried out secondarily. The identification errors made by 2- to 4-month-old kids were biased toward does of the same Colour Category as the kids' mothers in a multiple-choice test with 30 alternatives. Vocalizations did not seem to play a major role in identification, and age had no significant effect on the kids' performance. The correlations between members of a twin pair were low for all measures of efficiency and type of error committed. Phenotype matching on the basis of pelage pigmentation could be used by the kids to narrow down quickly the range of alternatives available to them when searching for their mothers in a herd situation.
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the use of pelage pigmentation in the recognition of mothers by domestic goat kids capra hircus
Behaviour, 1992Co-Authors: Carlos R RuizmirandaAbstract:Although it is known that the young play an active role in the formation of mother-young attachment in ruminants, there is scant knowledge of how neonates identify their mothers. This research investigated the use of visual cues, particularly pelage pigmentation, in maternal recognition by domestic goat kids. Observations on the use of auditory cues were carried out secondarily. The findings of this study were: (1) The analysis of error patterns revealed that goat kids performed phenotype matching on the basis of pelage pigmentation when seeking their mothers in two- and six-choice tests, at a distance of 10 m. Presenting the kids with a choice between two females of the same Colour resulted in more vacillation, and fewer kids were able to go to their mother directly than when the adults were of different Colours. The phenomenon was not evident when the kids were 3 days old. Because it occurred at all other ages, regardless of whether the mother was absent, covered, or fully visible, Colour-matching seems to be an important aspect of maternal recognition. (2) Visual cues were important for recognition, as evidenced by the performance of kids when maternal cues were limited (i.e. the mother was covered). (3) The efficiency measures did not correlate strongly with maternal vocalizations when visual cues from the mother were not completely present or when pelage pigmentation was not a good cue for discrimination. On the contrary, kids unexpectedly vocalized more in the conditions in which they could discriminate on the basis of visual cues, that is, when the mother was bare rather than covered, and when she was paired with a doe of a different Colour Category rather than one of the same Colour Category. (4) Five-day-old domestic goat kids recognized their mothers efficiently, even within a group, and at a distance of at least 10 m. Most 3-day-kids were not able to find their mothers efficiently in the six-choice test. Errors were made at all ages. The observed performance is consistent with the abilities required of kids under natural conditions.
John T Stonham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fuzzy Colour Category map for the measurement of Colour similarity and dissimilarity
Pattern Recognition, 2005Co-Authors: Matthew Seaborn, L Hepplewhite, John T StonhamAbstract:A new Colour space for representing Colour based upon psychophysical research into human perception is presented. It provides both the ability to measure similarity and determine dissimilarity using the combination of fuzzy logic and psychologically based set theoretic similarity measurement. These abilities are shown to enable it to be equal or superior to conventional Colour spaces in measuring the similarity and dissimilarity of Colours in addition to being able to saliently label Colours for accurate chromatic linguistic description.
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fuzzy Colour Category map for content based image retrieval
British Machine Vision Conference, 1999Co-Authors: Matthew Seaborn, L Hepplewhite, John T StonhamAbstract:In this paper a new Colour space for content based image retrieval is presented, which is based upon psychophysical research into human perception. It provides both the ability to measure similarity and determine dissimilarity, using fuzzy logic and psychologically based set theoretic similarity measurement. These properties are shown to be equal or superior to conventional Colour spaces. Example applications are also demonstrated.