The Experts below are selected from a list of 4443 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

James Scambary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Conflict and Resilience in an Urban Squatter Settlement in Dili, East Timor
    2016
    Co-Authors: James Scambary
    Abstract:

    Since the end of the Indonesian occupation in 1999, East Timor’s capital Dili has experienced a continuous rural–urban influx. This urban population growth has been concentrated in clusters of crowded and socially fragmented new squatter set-tlements, posing profound challenges for informal social control and community cohesion. Such neighbourhoods have continued to suffer from endemic Communal tensions and gang Violence. Using a case study of an urban squatter settlement in Dili, this paper makes two arguments. First, it is argued that, to engage with these communities and address conflict within them, it is imperative to understand the intricate and dynamic linkages between rural–urban migration, urban settlement patterns and Communal Violence. Secondly, it is argued here that the profuse variety of non-state groups inhabiting such settlements should be viewed from the context of the migrant experience, as unique forms of community resilience to this challen-ging environment

  • Conflict and resilience in an urban squatter settlement in Dili, East Timor
    Urban Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: James Scambary
    Abstract:

    Since the end of the Indonesian occupation in 1999, East Timor's capital Dili has experienced a continuous rural-urban influx. This urban population growth has been concentrated in clusters of crowded and socially fragmented new squatter settlements, posing profound challenges for informal social control and community cohesion. Such neighbourhoods have continued to suffer from endemic Communal tensions and gang Violence. Using a case study of an urban squatter settlement in Dili, this paper makes two arguments. First, it is argued that, to engage with these communities and address conflict within them, it is imperative to understand the intricate and dynamic linkages between rural-urban migration, urban settlement patterns and Communal Violence. Secondly, it is argued here that the profuse variety of non-state groups inhabiting such settlements should be viewed from the context of the migrant experience, as unique forms of community resilience to this challenging environment. Language: en

  • anatomy of a conflict the 2006 2007 Communal Violence in east timor
    Conflict Security & Development, 2009
    Co-Authors: James Scambary
    Abstract:

    The 2006–2007 Communal conflict in East Timor was starkly revealing of the fragility of national identity and also of the existence of deep-seated social tensions. These tensions were embodied by a wide range of warring social groups such as gangs, veterans groups and martial arts groups. A number of recent analyses have alluded to the political and ethnic nature of both the conflict and these groups. However, the manner in which all these groups emerged and interacted at different stages of the conflict did not always conform to static political and ethnic allegiances. This paper examines the internal dynamics of these groups' interactions; and how these groups prioritised often conflicting political, ethnic and social identities at different times during this two-year period. It argues that to frame more effective security and development responses and more effectively predict future conflict, we must first comprehend the complex, multi-layered nature of contemporary Communal conflict in East Timor.

Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • civil society engagement and Communal Violence reflections of various hypotheses in the context of indonesia
    Social Science Research Network, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin
    Abstract:

    This paper aims to examine how several types of engagements within civil society, namely (a) inter-Communal civic engagement, (b) self (community) policing and (c) elite integration, can contain Communal Violence, at the proximate level, in Indonesia. Based on Indian data, Varshney found that inter-Communal civic engagement can moderate ethnic Violence. Fearon and Laitin theoretically proposed that self policing can mitigate Communal Violence. Casual observation of Indonesian data indicates that elite integration may also help in avoiding Communal Violence. These hypotheses are employed to Indonesian context to examine their relevance. Given the nature of Indonesian society, namely (a) the highly segregated setting, (b) the paternalistic structure, and (c) the fact that Communal Violence is usually triggered by a clash at the individual level, no single mechanism can fully explain the role of civil society mechanism in mitigating Communal Violence. The three mechanisms have to work together in a more integrated way, not separately, in order to create a society immune to being infected - to borrow a medical term - by the virus of Communal Violence.

Renu Khanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Communal Violence in gujarat india impact of sexual Violence and responsibilities of the health care system
    Social Science Research Network, 2008
    Co-Authors: Renu Khanna
    Abstract:

    Situations of chronic conflict across the globe make it imperative to draw attention to its gendered health consequences, particularly the violation of women's reproductive and sexual rights. Since early 2002 in Gujarat, western India, the worst kind of state-sponsored Violence against Muslims has been perpetrated, which continues to this day. This paper describes the history of that Violence and highlights the mental and physicial consequences of sexual and gender-based Violence and the issues that need to be addressed by the police, the health care system and civil society. It draws upon several reports, including from the International Initiative for Justice and the Medico Friend Circle, which documented the reproductive, sexual and mental health consequences of the Violence in Gujarat, and the lacunae in the responses of the health system. The paper calls for non-discrimination to be demonstrated by health personnel in the context of conflict and social unrest. Their training should include conflict as a public health problem, their roles and responsibilities in prevention, treatment and documentation of this "disease", and focus on relevant medico-legal methodology and principles, the psychological impact of sexual assault on victims, and the legal significance of medical evidence in these cases.

Engy Abdelkader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • myanmar s democracy struggle the impact of Communal Violence upon rohingya women and youth
    Washington International Law Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Engy Abdelkader
    Abstract:

    Since the end of its military rule in 2011, the international community has rewarded Myanmar for perceived political and economic reforms. Still, Burma’s transition to democratic governance is beset by an unfortunate human rights record and marred by state-sanctioned Violence against members of its minority Rohingya Muslim population. This article explores the conflict’s impact upon Muslim women and children. It argues that the group is experiencing human rights violations that are specific to its identity and have yet to be adequately recognized and addressed. These violations emanate from discriminatory population control regulations, gender based Violence, human trafficking, hard labor, and educational inequality. Such a perspective has not yet been examined in legal scholarship and discourse. This article further argues that official Burmese policies and normative practices targeting the country’s Muslim population continue to compromise Burma’s local, regional, and global security interests. To help protect those interests and prevent further human rights violations, this article proposes a number of related legal and policy recommendations, including: a) amending the 1982 Citizenship Act; b) engaging in public education campaigns to help dispel many of the myths that represent causal factors in anti-Muslim Violence; c) providing resources and support for victims of gender based Violence; and d) exercising increased vigilance in identifying, investigating, and prosecuting all those who facilitate human trafficking.

  • myanmar s democracy struggle the impact of Communal Violence upon rohingya women and youth
    Social Science Research Network, 2014
    Co-Authors: Engy Abdelkader
    Abstract:

    Since the end of military rule in 2011, the international community has rewarded Myanmar for perceived political and economic reforms. Still, Burma’s transition to democratic governance is beset with an unfortunate human rights record marred by state-sanctioned Violence against members of its minority Rohingya Muslim population. This article explores the conflict’s differential impact upon Muslim women and children. It argues that the group is experiencing human rights violations that are specific to their respective identities that have yet to be adequately recognized and addressed. These violations emanate from discriminatory population control regulations, gender based Violence, human trafficking, hard labor and education inequality. Such a perspective has not yet been examined in legal scholarship and discourse. The article further argues that official Burmese policies and normative practices targeting the country’s Muslim population continue to compromise local, regional and global security interests. To help protect these interests and prevent further human rights violations, the article proposes a number of related legal and policy recommendations, such as (a) amending the 1982 Citizenship Act, (b) engaging in public education campaigns to help dispel many of the myths that represent causal factors in anti-Muslim Violence, (c) providing resources and support for victims of gender based Violence and (d) exercising increased vigilance in identifying, investigating and prosecuting all those that facilitate human trafficking.

Kimuli Kasara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does local ethnic segregation lead to Violence evidence from kenya
    Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kimuli Kasara
    Abstract:

    When ethnic conflict is likely people seek safety in homogenous neighborhoods, but does the resulting ethnic segregation decrease Communal Violence? This paper argues that local segregation causes Violence by eroding interethnic trust. Although segregation reduces violent disputes between individuals, the possibility of positive interethnic contact is also lower in segregated areas. Where levels of interethnic trust are low, it is easier for political leaders and other extremists to build support for Communal Violence. I demonstrate that segregation increases the incidence of Violence using a new data set measuring ethnic composition and Violence across approximately 700 small localities in Kenya's Rift Valley Province during Kenya's 2007/2008 post-election crisis. Because segregation is likely endogenous to Violence, I draw on Kenya's history of land settlement to instrument for segregation. I also demonstrate that it is unlikely local segregation increases Violence by increasing groups' organizational capacity for Violence.

  • does local ethnic segregation lead to Violence evidence from kenya
    Social Science Research Network, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kimuli Kasara
    Abstract:

    When ethnic conflict is likely people seek safety in homogenous neighborhoods, but does this ethnic segregation decrease the likelihood of Communal Violence? This paper argues that local segregation causes Violence by eroding interethnic trust. Although segregation reduces the likelihood of violent disputes between individuals, the possibility of positive interethnic contact is also lower in segregated areas. Where levels of interethnic trust are low, it is easier for political leaders and other extremists to build support for Communal Violence. I demonstrate that segregation increases the incidence of Violence using a new dataset measuring ethnic composition and Violence across approximately 700 small localities in Kenya's Rift Valley Province during Kenya's 2007/08 post-election crisis. Because segregation is likely endogenous to Violence, I draw on Kenya's history of land settlement to instrument for segregation. I also demonstrate that it is unlikely that local segregation increases Violence by increasing groups' organizational capacity for Violence.