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Valeria Manera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological motion sensitivity, but not interpersonal predictive coding is impaired in schizophrenia.
Journal of abnormal psychology, 2018Co-Authors: Łukasz Okruszek, Aleksandra Piejka, Adam Wysokiński, Ewa Szczepocka, Valeria ManeraAbstract:Social predictive coding is now a well-established phenomenon in healthy individuals. It has been demonstrated that the Communicative Gestures of one agent may be effectively used to predict the actions of other agents. Individuals with schizophrenia often present social-cognitive deficits. The aim of this paper is to examine interpersonal predictive coding in patients with schizophrenia. Forty-six participants with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls (HC) completed a simultaneous masking detection task (Interpersonal Detection Task; IDT), during which they observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B). During the Communicative condition, agent A performed a Communicative Gesture, to which agent B responded accordingly. During the individual condition, agent A performed a nonCommunicative action instead of the Communicative Gesture. Upon completion of the IDT, participants were asked to explicitly classify the actions of two agents based on nonmasked videos of point-light dyads. In line with previous findings, people with schizophrenia presented a reduced masking threshold for biological motion displays, and were less able to correctly recognize the actions of two agents during the explicit recognition task. However, observing the Communicative Gesture of agent A enhanced the visual discrimination of agent B in participants from all groups. This effect was observed despite the fact that SCZ presented overall diminished sensitivity to biological motion during IDT. Interpersonal predictive coding, which at least partially relies upon implicit processes, may be less impaired in people with schizophrenia than explicit social-cognitive processes (e.g., theory of mind). (PsycINFO Database Record
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Interpersonal predictive coding, not action perception, is impaired in autism.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2016Co-Authors: T. Von Der Lühe, Valeria Manera, Iva Barisic, Cristina Becchio, Kai Vogeley, Leonhard SchilbachAbstract:This study was conducted to examine interpersonal predictive coding in individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA). Healthy and HFA participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the ‘Communicative’ condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the ‘individual’ condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted by a non-Communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking-detection task, we demonstrate that observing agent A's Communicative Gesture enhanced visual discrimination of agent B for healthy controls, but not for participants with HFA. These results were not explained by differences in attentional factors as measured via eye-tracking, or by differences in the recognition of the point-light actions employed. Our findings, therefore, suggest that individuals with HFA are impaired in the use of social information to predict others' actions and provide behavioural evidence that such deficits could be closely related to impairments of predictive coding.
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The Multilingual CID-5: A New Tool to Study the Perception of Communicative Interactions in Different Languages
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Łukasz Okruszek, Leonhard Schilbach, Francesco Ianì, Jérémy Bourgeois, Maciej Haman, Susan M. Rivera, Philippe Robert, Emily Sievers, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:The investigation of the ability to perceive, recognize and judge upon social intentions, such as Communicative intentions, on the basis of body motion is a growing research area. Cross-cultural differences in ability to perceive and interpret biological motion, however, have been poorly investigated so far. Progress in this domain strongly depends on the availability of suitable stimulus material. In the present method paper, we describe the multilingual CID-5, an extension of the CID-5 database, allowing for the investigation of how non-conventional Communicative Gestures are classified and identified by speakers of different languages. The CID-5 database contains 14 Communicative interactions and 7 non-Communicative actions performed by couples of agents and presented as point-light displays. For each action, the database provides movie files with the point-light animation, text files with the 3-D spatial coordinates of the point-lights, and five different response alternatives. In the multilingual CID-5 the alternatives were translated into seven languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, and Polish). Preliminary data collected to assess the recognizability of the actions in the different languages suggest that, for most of the action stimuli, information presented in point-light displays is sufficient for the distinctive classification of the action as Communicative vs. individual, as well as for identification of the specific Communicative Gesture performed by the actor in all the available languages.
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Time Will Show: Real Time Predictions during Interpersonal Action Perception
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Ben Schouten, Karl Verfaillie, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Predictive processes are crucial not only for interpreting the actions of individual agents, but also to predict how, in the context of a social interaction between two agents, the actions of one agent relate to the actions of a second agent. In the present study we investigated whether, in the context of a Communicative interaction between two agents, observers can use the actions of one agent to predict when the action of a second agent will take place. Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted with a non-Communicative action. For each condition, we manipulated the temporal coupling of the actions of the two agents, by varying the onset of agent A's action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrated that the timing manipulation had a critical effect on the Communicative condition, with the visual discrimination of agent B increasing linearly while approaching the original interaction timing. No effect of the timing manipulation was found for the individual condition. Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the Communicative Gestures of one agent can serve not only to predict what the second agent will do, but also when his/her action will take place.
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The Second-Agent Effect: Communicative Gestures Increase the Likelihood of Perceiving a Second Agent
PloS one, 2011Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Bruno G. Bara, Karl Verfaillie, Marco Del Giudice, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Background Beyond providing cues about an agent's intention, Communicative actions convey information about the presence of a second agent towards whom the action is directed (second-agent information). In two psychophysical studies we investigated whether the perceptual system makes use of this information to infer the presence of a second agent when dealing with impoverished and/or noisy sensory input. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, agent B's action was performed in response to a Communicative Gesture by agent A. In the Individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was replaced with a non-Communicative action. Participants performed a simultaneous masking yes-no task, in which they were asked to detect the presence of agent B. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether criterion c was lowered in the Communicative condition compared to the Individual condition, thus reflecting a variation in perceptual expectations. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the congruence between A's Communicative Gesture and B's response, to ascertain whether the lowering of c in the Communicative condition reflected a truly perceptual effect. Results demonstrate that information extracted from Communicative Gestures influences the concurrent processing of biological motion by prompting perception of a second agent (second-agent effect). Conclusions/Significance We propose that this finding is best explained within a Bayesian framework, which gives a powerful rationale for the pervasive role of prior expectations in visual perception.
Cristina Becchio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interpersonal predictive coding, not action perception, is impaired in autism.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2016Co-Authors: T. Von Der Lühe, Valeria Manera, Iva Barisic, Cristina Becchio, Kai Vogeley, Leonhard SchilbachAbstract:This study was conducted to examine interpersonal predictive coding in individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA). Healthy and HFA participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the ‘Communicative’ condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the ‘individual’ condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted by a non-Communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking-detection task, we demonstrate that observing agent A's Communicative Gesture enhanced visual discrimination of agent B for healthy controls, but not for participants with HFA. These results were not explained by differences in attentional factors as measured via eye-tracking, or by differences in the recognition of the point-light actions employed. Our findings, therefore, suggest that individuals with HFA are impaired in the use of social information to predict others' actions and provide behavioural evidence that such deficits could be closely related to impairments of predictive coding.
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Time Will Show: Real Time Predictions during Interpersonal Action Perception
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Ben Schouten, Karl Verfaillie, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Predictive processes are crucial not only for interpreting the actions of individual agents, but also to predict how, in the context of a social interaction between two agents, the actions of one agent relate to the actions of a second agent. In the present study we investigated whether, in the context of a Communicative interaction between two agents, observers can use the actions of one agent to predict when the action of a second agent will take place. Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted with a non-Communicative action. For each condition, we manipulated the temporal coupling of the actions of the two agents, by varying the onset of agent A's action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrated that the timing manipulation had a critical effect on the Communicative condition, with the visual discrimination of agent B increasing linearly while approaching the original interaction timing. No effect of the timing manipulation was found for the individual condition. Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the Communicative Gestures of one agent can serve not only to predict what the second agent will do, but also when his/her action will take place.
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The Second-Agent Effect: Communicative Gestures Increase the Likelihood of Perceiving a Second Agent
PloS one, 2011Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Bruno G. Bara, Karl Verfaillie, Marco Del Giudice, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Background Beyond providing cues about an agent's intention, Communicative actions convey information about the presence of a second agent towards whom the action is directed (second-agent information). In two psychophysical studies we investigated whether the perceptual system makes use of this information to infer the presence of a second agent when dealing with impoverished and/or noisy sensory input. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, agent B's action was performed in response to a Communicative Gesture by agent A. In the Individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was replaced with a non-Communicative action. Participants performed a simultaneous masking yes-no task, in which they were asked to detect the presence of agent B. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether criterion c was lowered in the Communicative condition compared to the Individual condition, thus reflecting a variation in perceptual expectations. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the congruence between A's Communicative Gesture and B's response, to ascertain whether the lowering of c in the Communicative condition reflected a truly perceptual effect. Results demonstrate that information extracted from Communicative Gestures influences the concurrent processing of biological motion by prompting perception of a second agent (second-agent effect). Conclusions/Significance We propose that this finding is best explained within a Bayesian framework, which gives a powerful rationale for the pervasive role of prior expectations in visual perception.
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Communicative interactions improve visual detection of biological motion.
PLoS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Cristina Becchio, Ben Schouten, Bruno G. Bara, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:Background In the context of interacting activities requiring close-body contact such as fighting or dancing, the actions of one agent can be used to predict the actions of the second agent [1]. In the present study, we investigated whether interpersonal predictive coding extends to interactive activities – such as Communicative interactions - in which no physical contingency is implied between the movements of the interacting individuals. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted with a non-Communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrate that observing the Communicative Gesture performed by agent A enhanced visual discrimination of agent B. Conclusions/Significance Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the Communicative Gestures of one agent can serve as a predictor for the expected actions of the respondent, even if no physical contact between agents is implied.
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Inferring intentions from biological motion: a stimulus set of point-light Communicative interactions.
Behavior Research Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Cristina Becchio, Ben Schouten, Bruno G. Bara, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:We present the first database of Communicative interactions reproduced through point-light displays (Communicative Interaction Database). The database contains 20 Communicative interactions performed by male and by female couples. For each action, we provide movie files from four different viewpoints, as well as text files with the 3-D spatial coordinates of the point lights, allowing researchers to construct customized versions. By including various types of actions performed with different social motives, the database contains a diverse sample of nonconventional Communicative Gestures. Normative data collected to assess the recognizability of the stimuli suggest that, for most action stimuli, information in point-light displays is sufficient for clear recognition of the action as Communicative, as well as for identification of the specific Communicative Gesture performed by the actor. The full set of stimuli may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/ content/supplemental and from http://ppw.kuleuven.be/labexppsy/lepSite/resources/CID.rar.
Karl Verfaillie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Multilingual CID-5: A New Tool to Study the Perception of Communicative Interactions in Different Languages
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Łukasz Okruszek, Leonhard Schilbach, Francesco Ianì, Jérémy Bourgeois, Maciej Haman, Susan M. Rivera, Philippe Robert, Emily Sievers, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:The investigation of the ability to perceive, recognize and judge upon social intentions, such as Communicative intentions, on the basis of body motion is a growing research area. Cross-cultural differences in ability to perceive and interpret biological motion, however, have been poorly investigated so far. Progress in this domain strongly depends on the availability of suitable stimulus material. In the present method paper, we describe the multilingual CID-5, an extension of the CID-5 database, allowing for the investigation of how non-conventional Communicative Gestures are classified and identified by speakers of different languages. The CID-5 database contains 14 Communicative interactions and 7 non-Communicative actions performed by couples of agents and presented as point-light displays. For each action, the database provides movie files with the point-light animation, text files with the 3-D spatial coordinates of the point-lights, and five different response alternatives. In the multilingual CID-5 the alternatives were translated into seven languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, and Polish). Preliminary data collected to assess the recognizability of the actions in the different languages suggest that, for most of the action stimuli, information presented in point-light displays is sufficient for the distinctive classification of the action as Communicative vs. individual, as well as for identification of the specific Communicative Gesture performed by the actor in all the available languages.
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Time Will Show: Real Time Predictions during Interpersonal Action Perception
PloS one, 2013Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Ben Schouten, Karl Verfaillie, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Predictive processes are crucial not only for interpreting the actions of individual agents, but also to predict how, in the context of a social interaction between two agents, the actions of one agent relate to the actions of a second agent. In the present study we investigated whether, in the context of a Communicative interaction between two agents, observers can use the actions of one agent to predict when the action of a second agent will take place. Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted with a non-Communicative action. For each condition, we manipulated the temporal coupling of the actions of the two agents, by varying the onset of agent A's action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrated that the timing manipulation had a critical effect on the Communicative condition, with the visual discrimination of agent B increasing linearly while approaching the original interaction timing. No effect of the timing manipulation was found for the individual condition. Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the Communicative Gestures of one agent can serve not only to predict what the second agent will do, but also when his/her action will take place.
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The Second-Agent Effect: Communicative Gestures Increase the Likelihood of Perceiving a Second Agent
PloS one, 2011Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Bruno G. Bara, Karl Verfaillie, Marco Del Giudice, Cristina BecchioAbstract:Background Beyond providing cues about an agent's intention, Communicative actions convey information about the presence of a second agent towards whom the action is directed (second-agent information). In two psychophysical studies we investigated whether the perceptual system makes use of this information to infer the presence of a second agent when dealing with impoverished and/or noisy sensory input. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, agent B's action was performed in response to a Communicative Gesture by agent A. In the Individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was replaced with a non-Communicative action. Participants performed a simultaneous masking yes-no task, in which they were asked to detect the presence of agent B. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether criterion c was lowered in the Communicative condition compared to the Individual condition, thus reflecting a variation in perceptual expectations. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the congruence between A's Communicative Gesture and B's response, to ascertain whether the lowering of c in the Communicative condition reflected a truly perceptual effect. Results demonstrate that information extracted from Communicative Gestures influences the concurrent processing of biological motion by prompting perception of a second agent (second-agent effect). Conclusions/Significance We propose that this finding is best explained within a Bayesian framework, which gives a powerful rationale for the pervasive role of prior expectations in visual perception.
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Communicative interactions improve visual detection of biological motion.
PLoS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Cristina Becchio, Ben Schouten, Bruno G. Bara, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:Background In the context of interacting activities requiring close-body contact such as fighting or dancing, the actions of one agent can be used to predict the actions of the second agent [1]. In the present study, we investigated whether interpersonal predictive coding extends to interactive activities – such as Communicative interactions - in which no physical contingency is implied between the movements of the interacting individuals. Methodology/Principal Findings Participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the Communicative condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the individual condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted with a non-Communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking detection task, we demonstrate that observing the Communicative Gesture performed by agent A enhanced visual discrimination of agent B. Conclusions/Significance Our finding complements and extends previous evidence for interpersonal predictive coding, suggesting that the Communicative Gestures of one agent can serve as a predictor for the expected actions of the respondent, even if no physical contact between agents is implied.
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Inferring intentions from biological motion: a stimulus set of point-light Communicative interactions.
Behavior Research Methods, 2010Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Cristina Becchio, Ben Schouten, Bruno G. Bara, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:We present the first database of Communicative interactions reproduced through point-light displays (Communicative Interaction Database). The database contains 20 Communicative interactions performed by male and by female couples. For each action, we provide movie files from four different viewpoints, as well as text files with the 3-D spatial coordinates of the point lights, allowing researchers to construct customized versions. By including various types of actions performed with different social motives, the database contains a diverse sample of nonconventional Communicative Gestures. Normative data collected to assess the recognizability of the stimuli suggest that, for most action stimuli, information in point-light displays is sufficient for clear recognition of the action as Communicative, as well as for identification of the specific Communicative Gesture performed by the actor. The full set of stimuli may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/ content/supplemental and from http://ppw.kuleuven.be/labexppsy/lepSite/resources/CID.rar.
Jacques Vauclair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patterns of hemispheric specialization for a Communicative Gesture in different primate species
Developmental psychobiology, 2013Co-Authors: Helene Meunier, Jacqueline Fagard, Anaïs Maugard, Margarita Briseño, Jonas Fizet, Charlotte Canteloup, Charlotte Defolie, Jacques VauclairAbstract:We review four studies investigating hand preferences for grasping versus pointing to objects at several spatial positions in human infants and three species of nonhuman primates using the same experimental setup. We expected that human infants and nonhuman primates present a comparable difference in their pattern of laterality according to tasks. We tested 6 capuchins, 6 macaques, 12 baboons, and 10 human infants. Those studies are the first of their kind to examine both human infants and nonhuman primate species with the same Communicative task. Our results show remarkable convergence in the distribution of hand biases of human infants, baboons and macaques on the two kinds of tasks and an interesting divergence between capuchins' and other species' hand preferences in the pointing task. They support the hypothesis that left-lateralized language may be derived from a gestural communication system that was present in the common ancestor of macaques, baboons and humans. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 662-671, 2013.
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Baboons' hand preference resists to spatial factors for a Communicative Gesture but not for a simple manipulative action.
Developmental psychobiology, 2013Co-Authors: Marie Bourjade, Helene Meunier, Catherine Blois-heulin, Jacques VauclairAbstract:Olive baboons (Papio anubis) do acquire and use intentional requesting Gestures in experimental contexts. Individual's hand preference for these Gestures is consistent with that observed for typical Communicative Gestures, but not for manipulative actions. Here, we examine whether the strength of hand preference may also be a good marker of hemispheric specialization for Communicative Gestures, hence differing from the strength of hand preference for manipulative actions. We compared the consistency of individuals' hand preference with regard to the variation in space of either (i) a Communicative partner or (ii) a food item to grasp using a controlled set-up. We report more consistent hand preference for Communicative Gestures than for grasping actions. Established hand preference in the midline was stronger for gesturing than for grasping and allowed to predict the consistency of hand preference across positions. We found no significant relation between the direction of hand preference and the task. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 651-661, 2013.
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Human infants and baboons show the same pattern of handedness for a Communicative Gesture.
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Helene Meunier, Jacques Vauclair, Jacqueline FagardAbstract:To test the role of Gestures in the origin of language, we studied hand preferences for grasping or pointing to objects at several spatial positions in human infants and adult baboons. If the roots of language are indeed in gestural communication, we expect that human infants and baboons will present a comparable difference in their pattern of laterality according to task: both should be more right-hand/left-hemisphere specialized when communicating by pointing than when simply grasping objects. Our study is the first to test both human infants and baboons on the same Communicative task. Our results show remarkable convergence in the distribution of the two species' hand biases on the two kinds of tasks: In both human infants and baboons, right-hand preference was significantly stronger for the Communicative task than for grasping objects. Our findings support the hypothesis that left-lateralized language may be derived from a gestural communication system that was present in the common ancestor of baboons and humans.
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right handedness predominance in 162 baboons papio anubis for gestural communication consistency across time and groups
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Adrien Meguerditchian, Sandra Molesti, Jacques VauclairAbstract:Whether nonhuman primates exhibit population level right manual bias remains a controversial topic. In captive baboons, population-level right-handedness has been reported for both coordinated bimanual actions and Communicative Gestures. However, some authors remain skeptical of these findings on both methodological and theoretical grounds. Here, we demonstrated the robustness and the consistency across time of the pattern of right-handedness for a species-specific Communicative Gesture in olive baboons (Papio anubis). First, we showed significant correlations in the 26 retested baboons for the measures of hand preferences between the first and the second session conducted 4 years later (2005–2009) by an observer blind to the previous handedness data. Second, the replication of the study in 96 novel individuals revealed a similar degree of population-level right-handedness than the one expressed in the first group of 66 subjects investigated in 2005. The implications of the findings are discussed within a theoretical framework about the origin of hemispheric specialization for language.
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contrast of hand preferences between Communicative Gestures and non Communicative actions in baboons implications for the origins of hemispheric specialization for language
Brain and Language, 2009Co-Authors: Adrien Meguerditchian, Jacques VauclairAbstract:Gestural communication is a modality considered in the literature as a candidate for determining the ancestral prerequisites of the emergence of human language. As reported in captive chimpanzees and human children, a study in captive baboons revealed that a Communicative Gesture elicits stronger degree of right-hand bias than non-Communicative actions. It remains unclear if it is the Communicative nature of this manual behavior which induces such patterns of handedness. In the present study, we have measured hand use for two uninvestigated behaviors in a group of captive olive baboons: (1) a non-Communicative self-touching behavior ("muzzle wipe" serving as a control behavior), (2) another Communicative Gesture (a ritualized "food beg") different from the one previously studied in the literature (a species-specific threat Gesture, namely "hand slap") in the same population of baboons. The hand preferences for the "food beg" Gestures revealed a trend toward right-handedness and significantly correlated with the hand preferences previously reported in the hand slap Gesture within the same baboons. By contrast, the hand preferences for the self-touching behaviors did not reveal any trend of manual bias at a group-level nor correlation with the hand preferences of any Communicative Gestures. These findings provide additional support to the hypothesized existence in baboons of a specific Communicative system involved in the production of Communicative Gestures that may tend to a left-hemispheric dominance and that may differ from the system involved in purely motor functions. The hypothetical implications of these collective results are discussed within the theoretical framework about the origins of hemispheric specialization for human language.
Leonhard Schilbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interpersonal predictive coding, not action perception, is impaired in autism.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2016Co-Authors: T. Von Der Lühe, Valeria Manera, Iva Barisic, Cristina Becchio, Kai Vogeley, Leonhard SchilbachAbstract:This study was conducted to examine interpersonal predictive coding in individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA). Healthy and HFA participants observed point-light displays of two agents (A and B) performing separate actions. In the ‘Communicative’ condition, the action performed by agent B responded to a Communicative Gesture performed by agent A. In the ‘individual’ condition, agent A's Communicative action was substituted by a non-Communicative action. Using a simultaneous masking-detection task, we demonstrate that observing agent A's Communicative Gesture enhanced visual discrimination of agent B for healthy controls, but not for participants with HFA. These results were not explained by differences in attentional factors as measured via eye-tracking, or by differences in the recognition of the point-light actions employed. Our findings, therefore, suggest that individuals with HFA are impaired in the use of social information to predict others' actions and provide behavioural evidence that such deficits could be closely related to impairments of predictive coding.
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The Multilingual CID-5: A New Tool to Study the Perception of Communicative Interactions in Different Languages
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Valeria Manera, Łukasz Okruszek, Leonhard Schilbach, Francesco Ianì, Jérémy Bourgeois, Maciej Haman, Susan M. Rivera, Philippe Robert, Emily Sievers, Karl VerfaillieAbstract:The investigation of the ability to perceive, recognize and judge upon social intentions, such as Communicative intentions, on the basis of body motion is a growing research area. Cross-cultural differences in ability to perceive and interpret biological motion, however, have been poorly investigated so far. Progress in this domain strongly depends on the availability of suitable stimulus material. In the present method paper, we describe the multilingual CID-5, an extension of the CID-5 database, allowing for the investigation of how non-conventional Communicative Gestures are classified and identified by speakers of different languages. The CID-5 database contains 14 Communicative interactions and 7 non-Communicative actions performed by couples of agents and presented as point-light displays. For each action, the database provides movie files with the point-light animation, text files with the 3-D spatial coordinates of the point-lights, and five different response alternatives. In the multilingual CID-5 the alternatives were translated into seven languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, and Polish). Preliminary data collected to assess the recognizability of the actions in the different languages suggest that, for most of the action stimuli, information presented in point-light displays is sufficient for the distinctive classification of the action as Communicative vs. individual, as well as for identification of the specific Communicative Gesture performed by the actor in all the available languages.