The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alodie Rey-mermet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simon Says-On the influence of Stimulus arrangement, Stimulus Material and inner speech habits on the Simon effect.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning memory and cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Miriam Gade, Marko Paelecke, Alodie Rey-mermetAbstract:In Simon-type interference tasks, participants are asked to perform a 2-choice reaction on a Stimulus dimension while ignoring the Stimulus position. Commonly, robust congruency effects are found; that is, reactions are faster when the relevant Stimulus attribute and the assigned response match the location of the Stimulus. Simon congruency effects are regularly attributed to a fast, nonverbal processing route. In 3 experiments, we tested the importance of verbal representations in the Simon effect by manipulating the format of representations (verbal vs. nonverbal) with Stimulus Material (i.e., words vs. gratings) and Stimulus arrangement (i.e., horizontally vs. vertically). Results of the first experiment point to a modulation of the Simon effects by both factors when they were manipulated between subjects, up to an inversion of the Simon effect for words presented in vertical arrangement. We replicated the inverse congruency effect for verbal Material in vertical arrangement when a within-participant design was used (Experiment 2) and when the impact of reading processes was ruled out (Experiment 3). One cause for this inversion might be the construction of language-based representations that counteract automatic processing given the Stimulus arrangement. To investigate this, we assessed individual differences in the use of inner speech for self-instruction. Using hierarchical linear modeling analysis, we found that self-rated evaluative and motivational inner speech processes accounted for a significant portion of the Simon effect. This supports claims that individual differences predict performance even in simple cognitive tasks such as the Simon task and highlights the flexibility of basic cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Karl Zilles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Explicit Instructions and Stimulus Material on Lateral Frontal Responses to an Encoding Task
NeuroImage, 2002Co-Authors: Paul C. Fletcher, Nicola Palomero-gallagher, Oliver Zafiris, Gereon R. Fink, Lorraine K. Tyler, Karl ZillesAbstract:In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we explored the effects of both Stimulus Material and encoding task demands on activation in lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Two factors were manipulated: Material type and task instructions. Subjects encoded words or abstract figures (factor 1: Stimulus type) and were required to make either a meaning-based or a form-based (letter or shape) decision about each Stimulus (factor 2: task instructions). Abstract figures engendered significantly higher levels of right PFC activity than did words. This effect was seen for meaning-based and form-based processing tasks and was significantly greater for the former. We did not observe a differential response of left lateral PFC to verbal and pictorial Material. A double dissociation, however, was found within left PFC. A ventrolateral region (within left inferior frontal gyrus) showed the highest levels of activity when words were processed according to their meaning whereas activity in a more dorsolateral region (within left middle frontal gyrus) was greatest when words were processed according to their form (constituent letters). We have therefore observed a main effect of Material type in producing lateralized activation of frontal lobes, although the strength of this effect is sensitive to the nature of the task that subjects are asked to perform. Left-side lateral PFC activity is also sensitive to task instructions but this effect was specific to verbal Material. The complex patterns of frontal effect counsel against any simple dichotomy of frontal function at the level of either Material or task type.
Petra Jansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Embodied mental rotation: a special link between egocentric transformation and the bodily self.
Frontiers in psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Sandra Kaltner, Bernhard E. Riecke, Petra JansenAbstract:This experiment investigated the influence of motor expertise on object-based versus egocentric transformations in a chronometric mental rotation task using images of either the own or another person’s body as Stimulus Material. According to the embodied cognition viewpoint, we hypothesized motor-experts to outperform non-motor experts specifically in the egocentric condition because of higher kinesthetic representation and motor simulations compared to object-based transformations. In line with this, we expected that images of the own body are solved faster than another person’s body stimuli. Results showed a benefit of motor expertise and representations of another person’s body, but only for the object-based transformation task. That is, this other-advantage diminishes in egocentric transformations. Since motor experts didn’t show any specific expertise in rotational movements, we concluded that using human bodies as Stimulus Material elicits embodied spatial transformations, which facilitates performance exclusively for egocentric transformations. Regarding Stimulus Material, the other-advantage ascribed to increased self-awareness-consciousness distracting attention-demanding resources, disappeared in the egocentric condition. This result may be due to the stronger link between the bodily self and motor representations compared to that emerging in object-based transformations.
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does children s left hemisphere lateralization during mental rotation depend upon the Stimulus Material
Journal of Individual Differences, 2010Co-Authors: Leonie F Lange, Martin Heil, Petra JansenAbstract:Recent publications suggest that there is a developmental-based change of lateralization of brain activity during mental rotation from left to bilateral. But it is an open question whether this left hemisphere activation could also be observed with stimuli other than characters. To test this, behavioral data and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in 28 children, 28 juveniles, and 28 adults during a mental rotation task with animal drawings. The results showed that reaction times (RTs) and error rates decreased with the increasing age of the participants. Furthermore, RTs and error rates increased with increasing angular disparity. An unlateralized ERP amplitude modulation at parietal electrodes as a function of angular disparity was present in all age groups. These results contrast former studies revealing a left lateralization in children when characters were used as stimuli for mental rotation. Left hemisphere activation is therefore not a general developmental trend; rather, it is suggested ...
Miriam Gade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simon Says-On the influence of Stimulus arrangement, Stimulus Material and inner speech habits on the Simon effect.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning memory and cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Miriam Gade, Marko Paelecke, Alodie Rey-mermetAbstract:In Simon-type interference tasks, participants are asked to perform a 2-choice reaction on a Stimulus dimension while ignoring the Stimulus position. Commonly, robust congruency effects are found; that is, reactions are faster when the relevant Stimulus attribute and the assigned response match the location of the Stimulus. Simon congruency effects are regularly attributed to a fast, nonverbal processing route. In 3 experiments, we tested the importance of verbal representations in the Simon effect by manipulating the format of representations (verbal vs. nonverbal) with Stimulus Material (i.e., words vs. gratings) and Stimulus arrangement (i.e., horizontally vs. vertically). Results of the first experiment point to a modulation of the Simon effects by both factors when they were manipulated between subjects, up to an inversion of the Simon effect for words presented in vertical arrangement. We replicated the inverse congruency effect for verbal Material in vertical arrangement when a within-participant design was used (Experiment 2) and when the impact of reading processes was ruled out (Experiment 3). One cause for this inversion might be the construction of language-based representations that counteract automatic processing given the Stimulus arrangement. To investigate this, we assessed individual differences in the use of inner speech for self-instruction. Using hierarchical linear modeling analysis, we found that self-rated evaluative and motivational inner speech processes accounted for a significant portion of the Simon effect. This supports claims that individual differences predict performance even in simple cognitive tasks such as the Simon task and highlights the flexibility of basic cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Klaus W. Lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural networks of response shifting: Influence of task speed and Stimulus Material
Brain research, 2006Co-Authors: Rainer Loose, Christian Kaufmann, Oliver Tucha, Dorothee P. Auer, Klaus W. LangeAbstract:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in 14 healthy subjects to measure brain activation, while response shifting was performed. In the activation phase, subjects were asked to shift their attention between two different types of visually presented stimuli. In the baseline phase, subjects were required to attend to one Stimulus type only. Subjects responded by pressing a left or right key according to the side of presentation of the target stimuli. In a verbal task, subjects were required to switch between letters and numbers. In a figural task, subjects reacted to round and square shapes. Stimuli were presented for 750 or 1500 ms. Response shifting revealed significantly increased activation compared to non-switching in the bilateral superior parietal cortex, right occipital cortex, left inferior frontal cortex, left and right striatum, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Superior parietal and occipital cortex activation may be due to spatial analysis during response shifting. Subvocal rehearsal of the task instructions may have led to activation in the left inferior frontal cortex. Activation in the striatum was related to prefrontal activation and may represent the association between basal ganglia and prefrontal activation during executive control. However, the most important brain region involved in the execution of response shifting was the bilateral DLPFC. Higher task speed increased executive top-down attentional control and, therefore, significantly increased activity in the bilateral DLPFC. Brain activation did not differ significantly between verbal and figural Stimulus Material. This result suggests that brain activation in the present study illustrates the brain regions involved in the basic cognitive mechanisms of response shifting.