The Experts below are selected from a list of 18342 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Max Krott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Power alliances for biodiversity—Results of an international study on Community Forestry
Land Use Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Jens Stanzel, Max Krott, Carsten SchusserAbstract:Abstract Protecting and enhancing biodiversity is one of the most important ecological goals of Community Forestry. Meeting this goal depends on a complex interaction of ecological as well as social and economic factors. With this paper we ask, whether the power of actors has a strong influence on the ecological outcomes of Community Forestry and if so, how such alliances for biodiversity look like. For empirical evidence we use our database compiled of research on 84 international Community Forestry cases of both developed and developing countries, taken from 2009 to 2016. The results show that the powerful actors are driving biodiversity in Community Forestry. With a small number of powerful actors interested in enhancing biodiversity we were able to identify only little substantial support for this goal. The widespread public announcements of biodiversity goals are mostly symbolic. Dominant information and financial incentives are the most common instruments for protecting the ecological equilibrium. This indicates a “soft” policy for biodiversity in contrast to the hard coercive instruments which protect the forest area as such. We conclude that the analysis of power can be a valuable factor in explaining the outcomes of Community Forestry in practice.
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Comparing Community Forestry actors in Cameroon, Indonesia, Namibia, Nepal and Germany
Forest Policy and Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Schusser, Ahmad Maryudi, Rosan R. Devkota, Max Krott, Jacqueline Logmani, Mbolo C. Yufanyi Movuh, Manjola SallaAbstract:Current research on Community Forestry worldwide is starting to question whether Community Forestry programmes can fulfil their goals towards the empowerment of the local forest user. Apparently, the driving forces behind the programmes are actors who are very powerful within the hierarchies, and devolution of power to the local level is not taking place. Several research efforts have investigated the issue and have identified different internal and external actors as important players.
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Community Forestry in Germany, a Case Study Seen Through the Lens of the International Model
Journal of Sustainable Development, 2013Co-Authors: Carsten Schusser, Max Krott, Jacqueline Logmani, Nazmus Sadath, Mbolo C. Yufanyi Movuh, Manjola SallaAbstract:Recent and on-going international research, especially on Community Forestry in developing countries, has begun to question the success of the international Community Forestry concept that was introduced more recently, by the end of the 1970s. Though it appears that Community Forestry does contribute to a positive ecological outcome, further analysis seems to reveal that other advantages promised by the model, i.e., devolution of power to the local resource users and improvement of their livelihoods, simply do not happen. In comparison the German Community Forestry as a concept was first introduced during the 18th century. This article investigates the ways in which German Community Forestry works and, given that it’s continued existence represents a measure of success, whether it can be a model for Community Forestry worldwide. To ascertain this, we analyse 11 Community forests in Germany, applying power theory and methodology to identify the powerful actors and these actors’ interests. In addition, we also analyse the outcomes of Community Forestry. The results show that the researched Community forests are sustainably managed, but that powerful actors control this management. The direct forest user is not very involved and benefits only slightly. Therefore, the article concludes that the German Community Forestry cannot be a worldwide model, but that it is nevertheless an interesting model in practice if the goal is to manage forest resources sustainably.
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Poverty Alleviation Efforts through a Community Forestry Program in Java, Indonesia
Journal of Sustainable Development, 2012Co-Authors: Ahmad Maryudi, Max KrottAbstract:Community Forestry has been promoted as a strategy to tackle rural poverty in Indonesia. This article asks the extent to which the program can serve as a vehicle for poverty alleviation in the country. Based on the assessment on the economic outcomes of a Community Forestry scheme in the island of Java, this article concludes the scheme has yet to fulfill its high promises on providing forest users with genuine escape routes from their poverty-laden life. This paper further argues that instead of alleviating the poverty of the forest users, the Community Forestry scheme creates only subsistent economy.
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Back to basics: Considerations in evaluating the outcomes of Community Forestry
Forest Policy and Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Ahmad Maryudi, Rosan R. Devkota, Carsten Schusser, Cornelius Yufanyi, Manjola Salla, Helene Aurenhammer, Ratchananth Rotchanaphatharawit, Max KrottAbstract:Abstract Evaluations on Community Forestry outcomes are important to observe whether the program Community Forestry produces what it has promised. For the evaluation -as an alternative to the comprehensive criteria and indicators on sustainable Community Forestry-, we propose an approach based on the core policy objectives of the program. In fact, Community Forestry is very much connected to the following three objectives of: 1) alleviating the poverty of forest users, 2) empowering them, and 3) improving the condition of the forests. Based on field tests in two Community forests in Indonesia, the focus on the core policy objectives appears to provide a more practical approach than the use of complex criteria and indicators. We conclude that our approach allows rapid evaluations and eventually reduces the associated costs and time without compromising the goals of the evaluation.
Dinesh Paudel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Re-inventing the commons: Community Forestry as accumulation without dispossession in Nepal
The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Dinesh PaudelAbstract:The commercial appropriation of the commons by displacing communities has been a historical feature of development. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted toward re-inventing the commons by creating new relations of production for both the market and subsistence. Such shifts in managing the commons are producing new forms of commoning instead of enclosure and dispossession. Through the analysis of Community Forestry programs in Nepal, this paper demonstrates that Community-based development has been effective in mobilizing the collective potential of local communities and dynamics of commonly held forest ecosystems for the expansion of highly profitable commercial endeavors. Community Forestry can be understood neither as an enclosure exclusively for commodity production nor as the extension of entirely subsistence economic activities. In Nepal, Community Forestry has become a form of accumulation without dispossession where communities’ ownership over the common forestlands is ensured but ma...
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In Search of Alternatives: Pro-Poor Entrepreneurship in Community Forestry
Journal of Development Studies, 2012Co-Authors: Dinesh PaudelAbstract:Community Forestry is quite likely the most prominent form of development intervention in the present era. It has gained momentum since the 1970s, and now covers more than 25 per cent of the total forestlands globally. However, the introduction of commercialisation into Community Forestry, controlled by private capital, has not only undermined the livelihood requirements of poor people, but also swiftly deteriorated forest conditions. By unfolding the nature of commercialisation in Community Forestry in Nepal, this article argues that pro-poor entrepreneurship models of producing forest resources through a partnership between poor people and Community groups could be an appropriate alternative to develop economic opportunities and forest conservation.
Thomas M. Beckley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A national portrait of Community Forestry on public land in Canada
The Forestry Chronicle, 2006Co-Authors: Sara Teitelbaum, Thomas M. Beckley, Solange NadeauAbstract:Despite the interest Community Forestry generates, there is little published literature on the array of initiatives currently taking place across Canada. This paper presents the results of nationwide survey of Community Forestry initiatives on public land. The survey focused on basic characteristics such as objectives, organizational structures, and tenure types. The research revealed that there are over one hundred Community forest initiatives currently taking place on public land, mainly in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. Most of them are run through local government organizations. Approximately 60% operate on Crown land while the remaining 40% operate on land owned fee simple by local governments. The median land base is 4200 ha. The average age of Community forests is 10 years. Key words: Community Forestry, Community-based management, public participation, local governance, forest management organizations, Canada
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Corporate "Bail-Outs" and Local "Buyouts": Pathways to Community Forestry?
Society & Natural Resources, 2002Co-Authors: Naomi Krogman, Thomas M. BeckleyAbstract:In the early 1990s, two Canadian newsprint mills formerly owned by large corporations were purchased locally through management or employee/management buyouts. This effectively established local control and decision making over mill and Forestry operations for substantial amounts of land in Ontario and Manitoba. Over the last decade there has been considerable discussion in the literature regarding Community Forestry. Local ownership and control appear to be the most important criteria for determining whether Community Forestry exists. Our question is, "Do these examples of locally owned and operated Forestry operations constitute Community Forestry?" We review definitions of Community Forestry, describe the circumstances of the two cases, and analyze qualitative interview data from both communities. Some criteria of Community Forestry are fulfilled in these cases, while others are not. The local buyouts did not last more than 6 years, but interestingly, the new corporate owners maintained some elements o...
Irene Tinker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Women and Community Forestry in Nepal: Expectations and realities
Society & Natural Resources, 1994Co-Authors: Irene TinkerAbstract:Community Forestry programs in Nepal, based on the erroneous assumption that farming families are the major cause of deforestation, ignore other critical causes. Recent emphasis on the inclusion of women in these programs, based on the recognition of women's subsistence activities and understanding of nature, minimizes fundamental constraints embedded in Nepalese society. A review of Community Forestry programs funded by international agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) indicates increasing participation of both women and men at the Community level. Exaggerated expectations of the potential of Community Forestry in solving Nepal's ecological crisis could undermine the fragile gains of Nepali women.
Harini Nagendra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tenure and forest conditions Community Forestry in the nepal terai
Environmental Conservation, 2002Co-Authors: Harini NagendraAbstract:There is a current trend towards decentralization of forest management, particularly among developing nations. Nepal has taken a lead in initiating innovative policies of Community Forestry. Although these initiatives have been largely deemed successful in the mountains, within the Terai lowlands, there is considerable debate about their outcomes. This research evaluates forest condition within recently declared Community forests, national forests and protected areas in the Nepal Terai, using plot mensuration techniques and interviews with local users. The initial condition of forests that were handed over to local communities for use was significantly poorer than those retained as national forests. Protected areas had the highest levels of plant abundance, biomass and biodiversity, which is not surprising, given the level of funds and manpower input to managing these limited areas. In the context of current controversy about the outcome of Community Forestry in the Nepal Terai, the poor initial condition of forests handed over to local communities is highly significant, and needs to be factored into evaluations of Community forest management. This research underscores the need for benchmark studies for evaluating the future outcomes of forest policies in the Terai, provides a valuable addition to the limited information on forest conditions under different management regimes in Nepal, and indicates some of the difficulties that local communities face while dealing with Community Forestry in practice.