The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B. M. Staw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Individualism-collectivism and group creativity
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2006Co-Authors: Jack A. Goncalo, B. M. StawAbstract:Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important Competing Hypothesis: given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than individualistic groups when given explicit instructions to be creative. The results did not support this Competing Hypothesis and instead show that individualistic groups instructed to be creative are more creative than collectivistic groups given the same instructions. These results suggest that individualistic values may be beneficial, especially when creativity is a salient goal.
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Individualism-collectivism and group creativity
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2006Co-Authors: Jack A. Goncalo, B. M. StawAbstract:Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important Competing Hypothesis: given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than individualistic groups when given explicit instructions to be creative. The results did not support this Competing Hypothesis and instead show that individualistic groups instructed to be creative are more creative than collectivistic groups given the same instructions. These results suggest that individualistic values may be beneficial, especially when creativity is a salient goal. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Jesper Tegner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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workflow for generating Competing Hypothesis from models with parameter uncertainty
Interface Focus, 2011Co-Authors: David Gomezcabrero, Albert Compte, Jesper TegnerAbstract:Mathematical models are increasingly used in life sciences. However, contrary to other disciplines, biological models are typically over-parametrized and loosely constrained by scarce experimental data and prior knowledge. Recent efforts on analysis of complex models have focused on isolated aspects without considering an integrated approach—ranging from model building to derivation of predictive experiments and refutation or validation of robust model behaviours. Here, we develop such an integrative workflow, a sequence of actions expanding upon current efforts with the purpose of setting the stage for a methodology facilitating an extraction of core behaviours and Competing mechanistic Hypothesis residing within underdetermined models. To this end, we make use of optimization search algorithms, statistical (machine-learning) classification techniques and cluster-based analysis of the state variables' dynamics and their corresponding parameter sets. We apply the workflow to a mathematical model of fat accumulation in the arterial wall (atherogenesis), a complex phenomena with limited quantitative understanding, thus leading to a model plagued with inherent uncertainty. We find that the mathematical atherogenesis model can still be understood in terms of a few key behaviours despite the large number of parameters. This result enabled us to derive distinct mechanistic predictions from the model despite the lack of confidence in the model parameters. We conclude that building integrative workflows enable investigators to embrace modelling of complex biological processes despite uncertainty in parameters.
Pontus Svenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of Competing Hypothesis for investigating lone wolf terrorist
European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa Kaati, Pontus SvensonAbstract:One of the most unpredictable forms of terrorism acts are those committed by a single individual, a so-called "lone wolf terrorist". The most difficult part in detecting a lone wolf is that they can come in any size, shape, and ethnicity and represent any ideology. However, there are some characteristic similarities that many lone wolves share. In this paper we identify three different areas where similarities among lone wolves can be found: the background and their behavior, the radicalization process and the terrorist planning cycle. We use an adoption of the analysis of Competing hypotheses method where we introduce the notion of template hypotheses. A template hypotheses aims to capture similarities between different lone wolf cases. The hypotheses are continuously developed and cultivated into more detailed hypotheses that are specific for each individual. We outline how a computer-support tool for investigating lone wolf terrorists using this method could be implemented.
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EISIC - Analysis of Competing Hypothesis for Investigating Lone Wolf Terrorist
2011 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa Kaati, Pontus SvensonAbstract:One of the most unpredictable forms of terrorism acts are those committed by a single individual, a so-called "lone wolf terrorist". The most difficult part in detecting a lone wolf is that they can come in any size, shape, and ethnicity and represent any ideology. However, there are some characteristic similarities that many lone wolves share. In this paper we identify three different areas where similarities among lone wolves can be found: the background and their behavior, the radicalization process and the terrorist planning cycle. We use an adoption of the analysis of Competing hypotheses method where we introduce the notion of template hypotheses. A template hypotheses aims to capture similarities between different lone wolf cases. The hypotheses are continuously developed and cultivated into more detailed hypotheses that are specific for each individual. We outline how a computer-support tool for investigating lone wolf terrorists using this method could be implemented.
Jack A. Goncalo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Individualism-collectivism and group creativity
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2006Co-Authors: Jack A. Goncalo, B. M. StawAbstract:Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important Competing Hypothesis: given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than individualistic groups when given explicit instructions to be creative. The results did not support this Competing Hypothesis and instead show that individualistic groups instructed to be creative are more creative than collectivistic groups given the same instructions. These results suggest that individualistic values may be beneficial, especially when creativity is a salient goal.
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Individualism-collectivism and group creativity
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2006Co-Authors: Jack A. Goncalo, B. M. StawAbstract:Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important Competing Hypothesis: given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than individualistic groups when given explicit instructions to be creative. The results did not support this Competing Hypothesis and instead show that individualistic groups instructed to be creative are more creative than collectivistic groups given the same instructions. These results suggest that individualistic values may be beneficial, especially when creativity is a salient goal. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Enrique Wulff Barreiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trk Family Neurotrophin Receptors and p75 Receptor. A Multiple Competing Hypothesis Case in the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) History
Advances in Historical Studies, 2020Co-Authors: Enrique Wulff BarreiroAbstract:International audienceIn the area of Trk oncogene research has been revealed the different Competing hypotheses made at the time of its discovery. A conflict of interest arised within the group who identified it as the nerve growth factor receptor (NGF). An auxiliary assumption, on the cardinal importance of the low affinity p75 receptor, resulted in that the consistency of the group take patterns of competence. The level of provocation affected the joint effort. In an environment that reminds the denial that Stehelin was given by Varmus and Bishop, in the race for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Nowadays p75 receptor functions are described as "enigmatic", and accepted that all the neurotrophins interact with two types of receptors: the specific to the ligands of the high-affinity Trk family of receptors and the low affinity p75 receptor (with structural similarities to the tumor necrosis factor and in liaison with the development of eye optical fiber). Against this background, papers concerning this subject and included in the WOK citation database are analysed. Categorizing them through a system of descriptors, according to their original publication date. Complete time vectors are approximated by setting the analysis with a growth model based on Gompertz function. After the criteria used by authorities like Rita Levi-Montalcini, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Rodolfo Llinás and Victor McKunsick the selected material resulted in a database with 371 records. These data suggest the opportunity for historical sciences of a non discrimination compliance test performed on multiple hypotheses.En el área de la investigación sobre el oncogén trk se ha puesto en evidencia las diferentes hipótesis en discordia en el momento de su descubrimiento. Dentro del grupo que lo identificó como el receptor del factor de crecimiento nervioso (NGF), hubo un conflicto de intereses. La importancia cardinal de la existencia complementaria del receptor p75 de baja afinidad, condujo a que la coherencia del grupo cambiase hacia un modelo competitivo. El nivel de provocación afectó al esfuerzo conjunto. En un cuadro que recuerda el desmentido dictado contra Stehelin por parte de Varmus y Bishop, en la carrera por el premio Nobel en Fisiología o Medicina. Actualmente las funciones del receptor p75 se califican de "enigmáticas", y se acepta que todas las neurotrofinas interaccionan con dos tipos de receptores: el específico a los ligandos de la familia de receptores de alta afinidad Trk y el receptor de baja afinidad p75 (que presenta similitudes estructurales con el factor de necrósis tumoral y en relación con el desarrollo de las fibras ópticas). Con éste ambiente, se estudian los documentos sobre este tema, incluidos en la base de datos de citas WOK. Categorizándolos mediante un sistema de descriptores, en función de su fecha de publicación original. Una estimación orientativa de la evolución temporal completa se consigue creando un análisis con un modelo de crecimiento basado en la función de Gompertz. Siguiendo los criterios de autoridades como Rita Levi-Montalcini, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Rodolfo Llinás y Victor McKunsick, el material seleccionado dió lugar a una base de datos con 371 registros. Estos datos sugieren la oportunidad para las ciencias históricas de realizar una prueba de conformidad sin discriminación para evaluar las hipótesis múltiples.Dans le domaine de la recherche sur les oncogènes trk se sont manifestées différentes hypothèses au moment de sa découverte. Un conflit d'intérêts est né au sein du groupe qui l'a identifié comme le recepteur du facteur de croissance du nerf (NGF). Une question auxiliaire, sur l'importance cardinale du récepteur à faible affinité p75, a permis que la cohérence du groupe adopte des comportements compétitifs. Le niveau de provocation a touché l'effort commun. Dans un contexte qui rappelle le démenti que Stéhelin s'est vu attribuer de la part de Varmus et Bishop, dans la course au prix Nobel en Physiologie ou Médecine (1989). Au présent les fonctions du récepteur p75 sont qualifiées de "énigmatiques", et est accepté que chacune des neurotrophines interagit avec deux types de récepteurs: les spécifiques aux ligands de la famille des récepteurs à haute affinité trk (à des homogénéités structurelles avec le facteur nécrosant des tumeurs et de concert avec le développement de la fibre optique de l'oeil). Dans ce cadre, les documents sur cette question, compris dans la base de données de citations WOK sont analysés. Pour les classer aux besoins d'un système de descripteurs, d'après leur date de publication. On peut avoir une idée des vecteurs temporels complets en ramenant l'analyse à un modèle de croissance suivant une function de Gompertz. Sur les critères utilisés par des autorités comme Rita Levi-Montalcini, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Rodolfo Llinás et Victor McKunsick, les résultats retenus ont permis l'établissement d'une base de données avec 371 registres. Ces données suggèrent l'occasion pour les sciences historiques d'effectuer des tests de conformité de non-discrimination pour évaluer des hypothèses multiples
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trk family neurotrophin receptors and p75 receptor a multiple Competing Hypothesis case in the nerve growth factor ngf history
Adaptive Hardware and Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Enrique Wulff BarreiroAbstract:In the area of Trk oncogene, this research has revealed the different Competing hypotheses made at the time of its discovery. A conflict of interest arose within the group who identified it as the nerve growth factor receptor (NGF). An auxiliary assumption, on the cardinal importance of the low affinity p75 receptor, resulted in that the consistency of the group take patterns of competence. The level of provocation affected the joint effort. An environment reminds the denial that Stehelin was given by Varmus and Bishop, in the race for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Nowadays p75 receptor functions are described as “enigmatic”, and accepted that all the neurotrophins interact with two types of receptors: the specific to the ligands of the high-affinity Trk family of receptors and the low affinity p75 receptor (with structural similarities to the tumor necrosis factor and in liaison with the development of eye optical fiber). Against this background, papers concerning this subject and included in the ISI citation database are analysed, categorizing them through a system of descriptors, according to their original publication date. Complete time vectors are approximated by setting the analysis with a growth model based on Gompertz function. After the criteria used by authorities like Rita Levi-Montalcini, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Rodolfo Llinas and Victor McKunsick the selected material resulted in a database with 371 records. The data suggest the opportunity for historical sciences of a non-discrimination compliance test performed on multiple hypotheses.