The Experts below are selected from a list of 3810 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Barry M Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • short term nitrogen leaching potential of fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure applied to disturbed soil cores
    Compost Science & Utilization, 2008
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, D S Chanasyk, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Although fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, there has been a recent increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. Nitrogen leaching from fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted (CM) beef cattle Manure application has not been investigated in this region. Our objective was to compare short-term (# 23 d) N leaching potential of NO3 -N and NH4 -N under increasing rates (0, 13, 39, 77 Mg ha−1 dry wt.) of FM and CM applied to a clay loam soil under uniform soil and simulated environmental conditions. Amendments were applied and incorporated into repacked 15-cm soil (surface Ah horizon) cores, incubated for 15 d, and then leached under constant-head and saturated conditions in the laboratory. An unamended control (CON) was also used. Leaching potential of NO3-N and NH4-N depended on how the N leaching variable was expressed: peak concentration vs flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) vs mass loss vs recovery in leachate. P...

  • phosphorus and nitrogen in rainfall simulation runoff after fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure application
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, Edith C. S. Olson, B W Beasley, F J Larney, D S Chanasyk, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, but there has been an increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. However, the quality of runoff under fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted Manure (CM) has not been investigated. Our objective was to compare runoff quality under increasing rates (0, 13, 42, 83 Mg ha(-1) dry wt.) of FM and CM applied for two consecutive years to a clay loam soil cropped to irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We determined total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations and loads in runoff after one (1999) and two (2000) applications of FM and CM. We found significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher TP, DRP, and NH4-N concentrations, and higher DRP and TN loads under FM than CM after 2 yr of Manure application. The TP loads were also higher under FM than CM at the 83 Mg ha(-1) rate in 2000, and DRP loads were higher for FM than CM at this high rate when averaged over both years. Application rate had a significant effect on TP and DRP concentrations in runoff. In addition, the slope values of the regressions between TP and DRP in runoff versus application rate were considerably higher for FM in 2000 than for FM in 1999, and CM in both 1999 and 2000. Significant positive relationships were found for TP and DRP in runoff versus soil Kelowna-extractable P and soil water-extractable P for FM and CM in 2000, indicating that interaction of runoff with the soil controlled the release of P. Total P and DRP were the variables most affected by the treatments. Overall, our study found that application of CM rather than FM to cropland may lower certain forms of P and N in surface runoff, but this is dependent on the interaction with year, application rate, or both.

  • Predicting phosphorus availability from soil-applied Composted and non-Composted cattle feedlot Manure.
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: Francis Zvomuya, F J Larney, Bobbi L. Helgason, H. Henry Janzen, Olalekan O. Akinremi, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Prediction of phosphorus (P) availability from soil-applied composts and Manure is important for agronomic and environmental reasons. This study utilized chemical properties of eight Composted and two non-Composted beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manures to predict cumulative phosphorus uptake (CPU) during a 363-d controlled environment chamber bioassay. Ten growth cycles of canola (Brassica napus L.) were raised in pots containing 2 kg of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Haploboroll) mixed with 0.04 kg of the amendments. Inorganic P fertilizer (KH2PO4) and an unamended control were included for comparison. All treatments received a nutrient solution containing an adequate supply of all essential nutrients, except P, which was supplied by the amendments. Cumulative P uptake was similar for Composted (74 mg kg 21 soil) and non-Composted Manures (60 mg kg 21 soil) and for the latter and the fertilizer (40 mg kg 21 soil). However, the CPU was significantly higher for organic amendments than the control (24 mg kg 21 soil) and for Composted Manure than the fertilizer. Apparent phosphorus recovery (APR) from Composted Manure (24%) was significantly lower than that from non-Composted Manure (33%), but there was no significant difference in APR between the organic amendments and the fertilizer (27%). Partial least squares (PLS) regression indicated that only two parameters [total water-extractable phosphorus (TPH2O) and total phosphorus (TP) concentration of amendments] were adequate to model amendment-derived cumulative phosphorus uptake (ACPU), explaining 81% of the variation in ACPU. These results suggest that P availability from soil-applied Composted and non-Composted Manures can be adequately predicted from a few simple amendment chemical measurements. Accurate prediction of P availability and plant P recovery may help tailor Manure and compost applications to plant needs and minimize the buildup of bioavailable P, which can contribute to eutrophication of sensitive aquatic systems.

  • soil salinity and sodicity after application of fresh and Composted Manure with straw or wood chips
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on salinity (EC), soluble salts (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4), sodicity (sodium adsorption ratio, SAR), and potassium adsorption ratio (PAR) status of soil in the Great Plains region of North America. A site on a clay loam soil under irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare) in southern Alberta was used for this study. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg ha-1 dry material) of fresh Manure (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a control (CON) treatment. All treatments were applied in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Soil sampling was conducted in the fall of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to Manure and fertilizer application. Our results indicated that applying CM to irrigated barley for 3 yr at rates up to 77 Mg ha-1 should not cause an increase in any of the salinity variables compared with FM. C...

  • Barley dry matter yield, crop uptake, and soil nutrients under fresh and Composted Manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2004
    Co-Authors: Jim J. Miller, B W Beasley, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient status in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta from 1999 to 2001. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry material per hectare) of fresh Manure (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment (100 kg N ha-1, 17 kg P ha-1), and a control treatment; applied in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Dry matter yield was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by Manure type or bedding material. Crop protein was 7% higher under FM (12.7 g kg-1) than CM (11.9 g kg-1) in 2001, and crop N uptake was 11 to 13% higher for CM-ST (171.3 kg ha-1) and FM-WD (174.9 kg ha-1) than CM-WD (154.7 kg ha-1) over the 3 yr. Soil available N was 20 to 261% higher for FM than CM at the 39 and...

J J Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transport of metals al fe and trace elements cu mo ni and zn through intact soil cores amended with fresh or Composted beef cattle Manure for nine years
    Compost Science & Utilization, 2013
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Composting of feedlot cattle (Bos Taurus) Manure may enhance metal and trace element accumulation and transport through the soil because these elements are concentrated in Manure during composting. Little research has been conducted on comparing transport of metals (Al, Fe) and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn) through soil amended with Composted Manure (CM) versus fresh feedlot Manure (FM) stockpiled for up to two months. Our objective was to determine if the transport of six selected chemicals (Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo) was affected by the composting of cattle Manure applied annually at 77 Mg ha−1 dry wt. for nine years to a clay loam soil. Intact soil cores were taken from a field experiment in the spring of 2007. Deionized water was applied to the soil cores in the laboratory under steady-state (4.9 cm d−1) and unsaturated conditions. The chemical concentrations were measured in the effluent and breakthrough curves and cumulative mass loss curves obtained. Flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMC)...

  • long term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry sieved soil aggregates
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury, E Bremer, Bernie J Zebarth, F J Larney
    Abstract:

    Miller, J. J., Bremer, E., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Zebarth, B. J. and Larney, F. J. 2012. Long-term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry-sieved soil aggregates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 673–683. Application of feedlot Manure to cropland may impact the size distribution and nutrient content of soil aggregates. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fresh or Composted feedlot Manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding on dry-sieved aggregate size distribution and nutrient contents. Surface (0–15 cm) soil samples were obtained from a long-term field experiment where treatments were fresh (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing straw or wood-chips applied annually at 0 (control) or 77 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 11 yr. Air-dried soil samples were separated using a rotary sieve into six aggregate size fractions ranging from 12.7 mm. Total C, total N, C:N ratio, soil mineralizable N (41-d incubation), total P, soil test P, and P sat...

  • available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil amended with fresh or Composted cattle Manure containing straw or wood chip bedding
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury, Bernie J Zebarth
    Abstract:

    Limited research exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on available N and P in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown (1999-2007) on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta where organic amendments and fertilizer were applied annually for 9 yr from 1998 to 2006. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry wt. ha-1) of fresh Manure (FM, stockpiled for up to 2 m) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a unamended control. The soil was sampled in the fall of 1999 to 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and was analyzed for soil inorganic N (SIN), NO3-N, NH4-N, and soil test P (STP). Soil mineralizable N was also determined on surface soil samples collected from 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2007. Manure type had a significant effect on SIN, NO3-N, STP, and soil mineralizable N, but the effects varied with year or bedding and rate (SIN), rate or yea...

  • short term nitrogen leaching potential of fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure applied to disturbed soil cores
    Compost Science & Utilization, 2008
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, D S Chanasyk, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Although fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, there has been a recent increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. Nitrogen leaching from fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted (CM) beef cattle Manure application has not been investigated in this region. Our objective was to compare short-term (# 23 d) N leaching potential of NO3 -N and NH4 -N under increasing rates (0, 13, 39, 77 Mg ha−1 dry wt.) of FM and CM applied to a clay loam soil under uniform soil and simulated environmental conditions. Amendments were applied and incorporated into repacked 15-cm soil (surface Ah horizon) cores, incubated for 15 d, and then leached under constant-head and saturated conditions in the laboratory. An unamended control (CON) was also used. Leaching potential of NO3-N and NH4-N depended on how the N leaching variable was expressed: peak concentration vs flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) vs mass loss vs recovery in leachate. P...

  • phosphorus and nitrogen in rainfall simulation runoff after fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure application
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, Edith C. S. Olson, B W Beasley, F J Larney, D S Chanasyk, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, but there has been an increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. However, the quality of runoff under fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted Manure (CM) has not been investigated. Our objective was to compare runoff quality under increasing rates (0, 13, 42, 83 Mg ha(-1) dry wt.) of FM and CM applied for two consecutive years to a clay loam soil cropped to irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We determined total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations and loads in runoff after one (1999) and two (2000) applications of FM and CM. We found significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher TP, DRP, and NH4-N concentrations, and higher DRP and TN loads under FM than CM after 2 yr of Manure application. The TP loads were also higher under FM than CM at the 83 Mg ha(-1) rate in 2000, and DRP loads were higher for FM than CM at this high rate when averaged over both years. Application rate had a significant effect on TP and DRP concentrations in runoff. In addition, the slope values of the regressions between TP and DRP in runoff versus application rate were considerably higher for FM in 2000 than for FM in 1999, and CM in both 1999 and 2000. Significant positive relationships were found for TP and DRP in runoff versus soil Kelowna-extractable P and soil water-extractable P for FM and CM in 2000, indicating that interaction of runoff with the soil controlled the release of P. Total P and DRP were the variables most affected by the treatments. Overall, our study found that application of CM rather than FM to cropland may lower certain forms of P and N in surface runoff, but this is dependent on the interaction with year, application rate, or both.

B W Beasley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transport of metals al fe and trace elements cu mo ni and zn through intact soil cores amended with fresh or Composted beef cattle Manure for nine years
    Compost Science & Utilization, 2013
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Composting of feedlot cattle (Bos Taurus) Manure may enhance metal and trace element accumulation and transport through the soil because these elements are concentrated in Manure during composting. Little research has been conducted on comparing transport of metals (Al, Fe) and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Mo, Zn) through soil amended with Composted Manure (CM) versus fresh feedlot Manure (FM) stockpiled for up to two months. Our objective was to determine if the transport of six selected chemicals (Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo) was affected by the composting of cattle Manure applied annually at 77 Mg ha−1 dry wt. for nine years to a clay loam soil. Intact soil cores were taken from a field experiment in the spring of 2007. Deionized water was applied to the soil cores in the laboratory under steady-state (4.9 cm d−1) and unsaturated conditions. The chemical concentrations were measured in the effluent and breakthrough curves and cumulative mass loss curves obtained. Flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMC)...

  • long term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry sieved soil aggregates
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury, E Bremer, Bernie J Zebarth, F J Larney
    Abstract:

    Miller, J. J., Bremer, E., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Zebarth, B. J. and Larney, F. J. 2012. Long-term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry-sieved soil aggregates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 673–683. Application of feedlot Manure to cropland may impact the size distribution and nutrient content of soil aggregates. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fresh or Composted feedlot Manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding on dry-sieved aggregate size distribution and nutrient contents. Surface (0–15 cm) soil samples were obtained from a long-term field experiment where treatments were fresh (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing straw or wood-chips applied annually at 0 (control) or 77 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 11 yr. Air-dried soil samples were separated using a rotary sieve into six aggregate size fractions ranging from 12.7 mm. Total C, total N, C:N ratio, soil mineralizable N (41-d incubation), total P, soil test P, and P sat...

  • available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil amended with fresh or Composted cattle Manure containing straw or wood chip bedding
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury, Bernie J Zebarth
    Abstract:

    Limited research exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on available N and P in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown (1999-2007) on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta where organic amendments and fertilizer were applied annually for 9 yr from 1998 to 2006. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry wt. ha-1) of fresh Manure (FM, stockpiled for up to 2 m) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a unamended control. The soil was sampled in the fall of 1999 to 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and was analyzed for soil inorganic N (SIN), NO3-N, NH4-N, and soil test P (STP). Soil mineralizable N was also determined on surface soil samples collected from 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2007. Manure type had a significant effect on SIN, NO3-N, STP, and soil mineralizable N, but the effects varied with year or bedding and rate (SIN), rate or yea...

  • short term nitrogen leaching potential of fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure applied to disturbed soil cores
    Compost Science & Utilization, 2008
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, D S Chanasyk, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Although fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, there has been a recent increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. Nitrogen leaching from fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted (CM) beef cattle Manure application has not been investigated in this region. Our objective was to compare short-term (# 23 d) N leaching potential of NO3 -N and NH4 -N under increasing rates (0, 13, 39, 77 Mg ha−1 dry wt.) of FM and CM applied to a clay loam soil under uniform soil and simulated environmental conditions. Amendments were applied and incorporated into repacked 15-cm soil (surface Ah horizon) cores, incubated for 15 d, and then leached under constant-head and saturated conditions in the laboratory. An unamended control (CON) was also used. Leaching potential of NO3-N and NH4-N depended on how the N leaching variable was expressed: peak concentration vs flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) vs mass loss vs recovery in leachate. P...

  • phosphorus and nitrogen in rainfall simulation runoff after fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure application
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, Edith C. S. Olson, B W Beasley, F J Larney, D S Chanasyk, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, but there has been an increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. However, the quality of runoff under fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted Manure (CM) has not been investigated. Our objective was to compare runoff quality under increasing rates (0, 13, 42, 83 Mg ha(-1) dry wt.) of FM and CM applied for two consecutive years to a clay loam soil cropped to irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We determined total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations and loads in runoff after one (1999) and two (2000) applications of FM and CM. We found significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher TP, DRP, and NH4-N concentrations, and higher DRP and TN loads under FM than CM after 2 yr of Manure application. The TP loads were also higher under FM than CM at the 83 Mg ha(-1) rate in 2000, and DRP loads were higher for FM than CM at this high rate when averaged over both years. Application rate had a significant effect on TP and DRP concentrations in runoff. In addition, the slope values of the regressions between TP and DRP in runoff versus application rate were considerably higher for FM in 2000 than for FM in 1999, and CM in both 1999 and 2000. Significant positive relationships were found for TP and DRP in runoff versus soil Kelowna-extractable P and soil water-extractable P for FM and CM in 2000, indicating that interaction of runoff with the soil controlled the release of P. Total P and DRP were the variables most affected by the treatments. Overall, our study found that application of CM rather than FM to cropland may lower certain forms of P and N in surface runoff, but this is dependent on the interaction with year, application rate, or both.

F J Larney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • long term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry sieved soil aggregates
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, C F Drury, E Bremer, Bernie J Zebarth, F J Larney
    Abstract:

    Miller, J. J., Bremer, E., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Zebarth, B. J. and Larney, F. J. 2012. Long-term effect of fresh and Composted cattle Manure on the size and nutrient composition of dry-sieved soil aggregates. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 673–683. Application of feedlot Manure to cropland may impact the size distribution and nutrient content of soil aggregates. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fresh or Composted feedlot Manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding on dry-sieved aggregate size distribution and nutrient contents. Surface (0–15 cm) soil samples were obtained from a long-term field experiment where treatments were fresh (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing straw or wood-chips applied annually at 0 (control) or 77 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 11 yr. Air-dried soil samples were separated using a rotary sieve into six aggregate size fractions ranging from 12.7 mm. Total C, total N, C:N ratio, soil mineralizable N (41-d incubation), total P, soil test P, and P sat...

  • phosphorus and nitrogen in rainfall simulation runoff after fresh and Composted beef cattle Manure application
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, Edith C. S. Olson, B W Beasley, F J Larney, D S Chanasyk, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Fresh beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manure has traditionally been applied to cropland in southern Alberta, but there has been an increase in application of Composted Manure to cropland in this region. However, the quality of runoff under fresh Manure (FM) versus Composted Manure (CM) has not been investigated. Our objective was to compare runoff quality under increasing rates (0, 13, 42, 83 Mg ha(-1) dry wt.) of FM and CM applied for two consecutive years to a clay loam soil cropped to irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We determined total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total nitrogen (TN), NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations and loads in runoff after one (1999) and two (2000) applications of FM and CM. We found significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher TP, DRP, and NH4-N concentrations, and higher DRP and TN loads under FM than CM after 2 yr of Manure application. The TP loads were also higher under FM than CM at the 83 Mg ha(-1) rate in 2000, and DRP loads were higher for FM than CM at this high rate when averaged over both years. Application rate had a significant effect on TP and DRP concentrations in runoff. In addition, the slope values of the regressions between TP and DRP in runoff versus application rate were considerably higher for FM in 2000 than for FM in 1999, and CM in both 1999 and 2000. Significant positive relationships were found for TP and DRP in runoff versus soil Kelowna-extractable P and soil water-extractable P for FM and CM in 2000, indicating that interaction of runoff with the soil controlled the release of P. Total P and DRP were the variables most affected by the treatments. Overall, our study found that application of CM rather than FM to cropland may lower certain forms of P and N in surface runoff, but this is dependent on the interaction with year, application rate, or both.

  • Predicting phosphorus availability from soil-applied Composted and non-Composted cattle feedlot Manure.
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006
    Co-Authors: Francis Zvomuya, F J Larney, Bobbi L. Helgason, H. Henry Janzen, Olalekan O. Akinremi, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Prediction of phosphorus (P) availability from soil-applied composts and Manure is important for agronomic and environmental reasons. This study utilized chemical properties of eight Composted and two non-Composted beef cattle (Bos taurus) Manures to predict cumulative phosphorus uptake (CPU) during a 363-d controlled environment chamber bioassay. Ten growth cycles of canola (Brassica napus L.) were raised in pots containing 2 kg of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Haploboroll) mixed with 0.04 kg of the amendments. Inorganic P fertilizer (KH2PO4) and an unamended control were included for comparison. All treatments received a nutrient solution containing an adequate supply of all essential nutrients, except P, which was supplied by the amendments. Cumulative P uptake was similar for Composted (74 mg kg 21 soil) and non-Composted Manures (60 mg kg 21 soil) and for the latter and the fertilizer (40 mg kg 21 soil). However, the CPU was significantly higher for organic amendments than the control (24 mg kg 21 soil) and for Composted Manure than the fertilizer. Apparent phosphorus recovery (APR) from Composted Manure (24%) was significantly lower than that from non-Composted Manure (33%), but there was no significant difference in APR between the organic amendments and the fertilizer (27%). Partial least squares (PLS) regression indicated that only two parameters [total water-extractable phosphorus (TPH2O) and total phosphorus (TP) concentration of amendments] were adequate to model amendment-derived cumulative phosphorus uptake (ACPU), explaining 81% of the variation in ACPU. These results suggest that P availability from soil-applied Composted and non-Composted Manures can be adequately predicted from a few simple amendment chemical measurements. Accurate prediction of P availability and plant P recovery may help tailor Manure and compost applications to plant needs and minimize the buildup of bioavailable P, which can contribute to eutrophication of sensitive aquatic systems.

  • soil salinity and sodicity after application of fresh and Composted Manure with straw or wood chips
    Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: J J Miller, B W Beasley, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on salinity (EC), soluble salts (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4), sodicity (sodium adsorption ratio, SAR), and potassium adsorption ratio (PAR) status of soil in the Great Plains region of North America. A site on a clay loam soil under irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare) in southern Alberta was used for this study. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg ha-1 dry material) of fresh Manure (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a control (CON) treatment. All treatments were applied in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Soil sampling was conducted in the fall of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to Manure and fertilizer application. Our results indicated that applying CM to irrigated barley for 3 yr at rates up to 77 Mg ha-1 should not cause an increase in any of the salinity variables compared with FM. C...

  • Barley dry matter yield, crop uptake, and soil nutrients under fresh and Composted Manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2004
    Co-Authors: Jim J. Miller, B W Beasley, F J Larney, Barry M Olson
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the effect of fresh versus Composted beef cattle Manure containing straw or wood chips on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient status in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta from 1999 to 2001. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry material per hectare) of fresh Manure (FM) or Composted Manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment (100 kg N ha-1, 17 kg P ha-1), and a control treatment; applied in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Dry matter yield was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by Manure type or bedding material. Crop protein was 7% higher under FM (12.7 g kg-1) than CM (11.9 g kg-1) in 2001, and crop N uptake was 11 to 13% higher for CM-ST (171.3 kg ha-1) and FM-WD (174.9 kg ha-1) than CM-WD (154.7 kg ha-1) over the 3 yr. Soil available N was 20 to 261% higher for FM than CM at the 39 and...

Woo-jung Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Synthetic fertilizer and livestock Manure differently affect δ15N in the agricultural landscape: A review
    Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Woo-jung Choi, Sang-sun Lim, Jin-hyeob Kwak, Hyun-jin Park, Scott X. Chang, Sang-mo Lee, Muhammad Arshad, Seok-in Yun, Han-yong Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Synthetic fertilizers and raw or Composted livestock Manure are typical nitrogen (N) sources in intensive cropping and livestock-farming systems. The distinct N isotope ratios ( 15 N/ 14 N, expressed as δ 15 N) of the N sources make it possible to use the δ 15 N of soil, plant and groundwater samples to trace the N derived from the two N sources in the agricultural landscape. However, N isotope fractionation during N cycling may hamper the usefulness of the δ 15 N technique for tracing N. This paper reviews the changes in the δ 15 N of soil, plant and groundwater samples in the agricultural landscape as affected by synthetic fertilizer and raw or Composted Manure applications with consideration of the effect of N source and N fractionation during N cycling on variations in δ 15 N. First, this review summarizes the fundamental N isotope fractionation theory with an emphasis on the critical role of nitrification in changing δ 15 N through N loss. Second, the differences in the δ 15 N of synthetic fertilizer and raw or Composted Manure are discussed with an emphasis on mechanisms that increase δ 15 N in raw or Composted Manure. Third, the effects of synthetic fertilizer and raw or Composted Manure applications on the variations of δ 15 N in soil, plant and groundwater samples across different scales of experiments from laboratory to watershed are discussed. We conclude that in spite of N isotope fractionation, the feasibility of the δ 15 N technique in tracing N originated from synthetic fertilizer and raw or Composted Manure in soil, plant and groundwater in the agricultural landscape can be strengthened when site-specific information on the δ 15 N of N sources as well as the dominant N processes is available.

  • Interactive effects of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and Composted Manure on ammonia volatilization from soils
    Plant and Soil, 2009
    Co-Authors: Miwa Matsushima, Sang-sun Lim, Jin-hyeob Kwak, Hyun-jung Park, Sun-il Lee, Dong-suk Lee, Woo-jung Choi
    Abstract:

    When synthetic fertilizer is co-applied with Composted Manure (compost), the high urease activity of compost may stimulate urea hydrolysis, thus increasing NH3 volatilization when urea is co- applied as a synthetic fertilizer. In this study, the interactive effects of compost type (low vs. high urease activity, referred to as CL and CH, respective- ly) and synthetic fertilizer form (urea vs. ammonium sulfate) were assessed in a 60-day greenhouse study. The compost was applied as a basal fertilization only at the initiation of the experiment, and the fertilizers ( 15 N labeled or not) were split into basal and additional fertilization. During the 10 days after the basal fertilization, co-application of CL with urea did not increase NH3 volatilization as compared with urea alone treatment. However, co-application of CH with urea resulted in a significant increase in NH3 volatilization by more than 3-fold, not only from applied fertilizer- 15 N but also from compost and/or soil over the other two (urea alone and urea with CL) treatments. Meanwhile, when ammonium sulfate was co-applied with CH, NH3 volatilization from fertilizer became 3-fold lower than that when urea was co- applied. During the second 10 days after the applica- tion of urea as an additional fertilizer, the amount of NH3 volatilization from CH-treated soil did not differ from that observed with CL, and this is probably attributable to a reduction in urease activity in soils over time. These results indicate that not only the combination of compost and synthetic fertilizer, but also the time difference between the application of compost and synthetic fertilizer, are crucial to reducing NH3 volatilization.

  • Natural ^15N abundances of maize and soil amended with urea and Composted pig Manure
    Plant and Soil, 2002
    Co-Authors: Woo-jung Choi, Sang-mo Lee, Kyoung-cheol Kim, Sun-ho Yoo
    Abstract:

    To investigate the effect of inorganic fertilizer and Composted Manure amendments on the N isotope composition ( delta ^15N) of crop and soil, maize ( Zea mays L.) was cultivated under greenhouse conditions for 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days. Composted pig Manure ( delta ^15N= +13.9‰) and urea (-2.3‰) were applied at 0 and 0 kg N ha^−1 (C0U0), 0 and 150 kg N ha^−1 (C0U2), 150 and 0 kg N ha^−1 (C2U0), and 75 and 75 kg N ha^−1 (C1U1), respectively. The delta ^15N of total soil-N was not affected by both amendments, but delta ^15N of NH^+ _4 and NO^− _3 provided some information on the N isotope fractionation in soil. During the early growth stage, significant differences (P < 0.05) in delta ^15N among maize subjected to different treatments were observed. After 30 days of growth, the delta ^15N values of maize were +6.6‰ for C0U0, +1.1‰ for C0U2, +7.7‰ for C2U0, and +4.5‰ for C1U1. However, effects of urea and Composted Manure application on maize delta ^15N progressively decreased with increasing growth period, probably due to isotope fractionation accompanying N losses and increased uptake of soil-derived N by maize. After 70 days of growth, delta ^15N of leaves and grains of maize amended with Composted pig Manure were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those with urea. The temporal variations in delta ^15N of maize amended with urea and Composted Manure indicate that plant delta ^15N is generally not a good tracer for N sources applied to field. Our data can be used in validation of delta ^15N fractionation models in relation to N source inputs.