The Experts below are selected from a list of 10905 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kalliopi Kotsa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intestinal sglt1 as a therapeutic target in covid 19 related diabetes a two edged sword hypothesis
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021Co-Authors: Theocharis Koufakis, Symeon Metallidis, Pantelis Zebekakis, Kalliopi KotsaAbstract:Emerging data are linking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes. The gut has been so far out of the frame of the discussion on the pathophysiology of COVID-19-induced diabetes, with the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue being under the spotlight of medical research. Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) 1 represent important regulators of glucose absorption, expressed in the small intestine where they mediate almost all sodium-dependent glucose uptake. Similar to what happens in diabetes and other viral infections, SGLT1 upregulation could result in increased intestinal glucose absorption and subsequently promote the development of hyperglycaemia in COVID-19. Considering the above, the question whether dual SGLT (1 and 2) inhibition could contribute to improved outcomes in such cases sounds challenging, deserving further evaluation. Future studies need to clarify whether putative benefits of dual SGLT inhibition in COVID-19 outweigh potential risks, particularly with respect to drug-induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis, gastrointestinal side effects, and Compromised Host response to pathogens.
A Nogara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fournier s gangrene and intravenous drug abuse an unusual case report and review of the literature
Open Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Michele Del Zingaro, A Boni, Jacopo Adolfo Rossi De Vermandois, A Paladini, E Lepri, Pietro Ursi, Roberto Cirocchi, Morena Turco, G Gaudio, A NogaraAbstract:Fournier’s gangrene is a potentially fatal emergency condition characterized by necrotizing fasciitis and supported by an infection of the external genital, perineal and perianal region, with a rapid and progressive spread from subcutaneous fat tissue to fascial planes. In this case report, a 52-year-old man, with a history of hepatitis C-virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease and cocaine use disorder for which he was receiving methadone maintenance therapy, was admitted to the Emergency Department with necrotic tissue involving the external genitalia. Fournier’s gangrene is usually due to Compromised Host immunity, without a precise cause of bacterial infection; here it is linked to a loco-regional intravenous injection of cocaine. A multimodal approach, including a wide surgical debridement and a postponed skin graft, was needed. Here we report this case, with a narrative review of the literature.
Stuart Staniford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiscale Stepping-Stone Detection: Detecting Pairs of Jittered Interactive Streams by Exploiting Maximum Tolerable Delay
Springer, 2002Co-Authors: David L. Donoho, Ana Georgina Flesia, Umesh Shankar, Vern Paxson Jason Coit, And Stuart Staniford, Jason Coit, Stuart StanifordAbstract:Computer attackers frequently relay their attacks through a Compromised Host at an innocent site, thereby obscuring the true origin of the attack. There is a growing literature on ways to detect that an interactive connection into a site and another outbound from the site give evidence of such a "stepping stone." This has been done based on monitoring the access link connecting the site to the Internet (Eg. [7, 11, 8]). The earliest work was based on connection content comparisons but more recent work has relied on timing information in order to compare encrypted connections
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multiscale stepping stone detection detecting pairs of jittered interactive streams by exploiting maximum tolerable delay
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002Co-Authors: David L. Donoho, Ana Georgina Flesia, Umesh Shankar, Jason Coit, Vern Paxson, Stuart StanifordAbstract:Computer attackers frequently relay their attacks through a Compromised Host at an innocent site, thereby obscuring the true origin of the attack. There is a growing literature on ways to detect that an interactive connection into a site and another outbound from the site give evidence of such a stepping stone. This has been done based on monitoring the access link connecting the site to the Internet (Eg. [7,11, 8]). The earliest work was based on connection content comparisons but more recent work has relied on timing information in order to compare encrypted connections. Past work on this problem has not yet attempted to cope with the ways in which intruders might attempt to modify their traffic to defeat stepping stone detection. In this paper we give the first consideration to constraining such intruder evasion. We present some unexpected results that show there are theoretical limits on the ability of attackers to disguise their traffic in this way for sufficiently long connections. We consider evasions that consist of local jittering of packet arrival times (without addition and subtraction of packets), and also the addition of superfluous packets which will be removed later in the connection chain (chaff). To counter such evasion, we assume that the intruder has a maximum delay tolerance. By using wavelets and similar multiscale methods, we show that we can separate the short-term behavior of the streams - where the jittering or chaff indeed masks the correlation - from the long-term behavior of the streams - where the correlation remains. It therefore appears, at least in principle, that there is an effective countermeasure to this particular evasion tactic, at least for sufficiently long-lived interactive connections.
Takaya Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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immunological monitoring in icu patients immunomodulation for Compromised Host
Critical Care, 2001Co-Authors: Naoshi Takeyama, S Miki, Takaya TanakaAbstract:Although the examination of system functions such as liver, kidney, and lung is well established, monitoring of immune system is still poorly developed. Immunosuppression or hyperinflammation are often met in ICU patients. Thus the establishment of objective measures of immunological parameters is essential for the control of hyperinflammatory stage and of infections as a result of immunosuppression. We had measured Th1/Th2 balance and monocytic HLA-DR expression. Intracytoplasmic Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in isolated PBMCs was assessed by flow cytometry following in vitro activation by PMA plus ionomycin. Monocytic HLA-DR expression was also measured. The percentage of Th1 cells in PBMCs from severe burn injury patients, septicemia, and multiple injuries are 4%, 9%, and 13%, respectively. The percentage of Th1 cells from healthy subjects was 22%. In the meantime, the percentage of Th2 cells did not show significant change in all patients. The significant reduction of Th1 cells and monocytic HLA-DR expression in ICU patients except for acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) indicates that major stress results in immunoparalysis. Two AIP patients who revealed more than 40% of Th1 cells were tried to immunomodulation by methylpredonisolone administration.
Theocharis Koufakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intestinal sglt1 as a therapeutic target in covid 19 related diabetes a two edged sword hypothesis
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021Co-Authors: Theocharis Koufakis, Symeon Metallidis, Pantelis Zebekakis, Kalliopi KotsaAbstract:Emerging data are linking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes. The gut has been so far out of the frame of the discussion on the pathophysiology of COVID-19-induced diabetes, with the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue being under the spotlight of medical research. Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) 1 represent important regulators of glucose absorption, expressed in the small intestine where they mediate almost all sodium-dependent glucose uptake. Similar to what happens in diabetes and other viral infections, SGLT1 upregulation could result in increased intestinal glucose absorption and subsequently promote the development of hyperglycaemia in COVID-19. Considering the above, the question whether dual SGLT (1 and 2) inhibition could contribute to improved outcomes in such cases sounds challenging, deserving further evaluation. Future studies need to clarify whether putative benefits of dual SGLT inhibition in COVID-19 outweigh potential risks, particularly with respect to drug-induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis, gastrointestinal side effects, and Compromised Host response to pathogens.