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Carlos M. Grilo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clarifying the convergence between obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder criteria and obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Jane L Eisen, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Carlos M. Grilo, Shirley Yen, Meredith E Coles, Maria E Pagano, Steven A RasmussenAbstract:In this study we examined the convergence between obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) criteria and obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Baseline assessments of 629 participants of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study were used to examine the associations between OCPD criteria and diagnoses of OCD. Three of the eight OCPD criteria—hoarding, perfectionism, and preoccupation with details—were significantly more frequent in subjects with OCD (n = 89) than in subjects without OCD (n = 540). Logistic regressions were used to predict the probability of each OCPD criterion as a function of Axis I diagnoses (OCD, additional anxiety Disorders, and major depressive Disorder). Associations between OCD and these three OCPD criteria remained significant in the logistic regressions, showing unique associations with OCD and odds ratios ranging from 2.71 to 2.99. In addition, other anxiety Disorders and major depressive Disorder showed few associations with specific OCPD criteria. This study suggests variability in the strength of the relationships between specific OCPD criteria and OCD. The findings also support a unique relationship between OCPD symptoms and OCD, compared to other anxiety Disorders or major depression. Future efforts to explore the link between Axis I and Axis II Disorders may be enriched by conducting analyses at the symptom level.
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stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder over two years
Psychological Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Maria E Pagano, Donna S Bender, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Background. A defining feature of Personality Disorder (PD) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is stable over time. Follow-up and follow-along studies have shown considerable diagnostic instability of PDs, however, even over short intervals. What, then, about Personality Disorder is stable ? The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of impair- ment in psychosocial functioning in patients with four different PDs, in contrast to patients with major depressive Disorder (MDD) and no PD, prospectively over a 2-year period. Method. Six hundred treatment-seeking or treated patients were recruited primarily from clinical services in four metropolitan areas of the Northeastern USA. Patients were assigned to one of five diagnostic groups : schizotypal (STPD) (n=81), borderline (BPD) (n=155), avoidant (AVPD) (n=137), or obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) (n=142) Personality Disorders or MDD and no PD (n=85), based on the results of semi-structured interview assessments and self-report measures. Impairment in psychosocial functioning was measured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) at baseline and at three follow-up assessments. Results. Significant improvement in psychosocial functioning occurred in only three of seven domains of functioning and was largely the result of improvements in the MDD and no PD group. Patients with BPD or OCPD showed no improvement in functioning overall, but patients with BPD who experienced change in Personality psychopathology showed some improvement in functioning. Impairment in social relationships appeared most stable in patients with PDs. Conclusion. Impairment in functioning, especially social functioning, may be an enduring component of Personality Disorder.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality Disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality Disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality Disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality Disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality Disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality Disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder in patients with binge eating Disorder
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. GriloAbstract:This study examined the diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) in patients with binge eating Disorder (BED). Two hundred and eleven consecutive adult patients with axis I diagnoses of BED were reliably assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Conditional probabilities-sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power (PPP), and negative predictive power (NPP)-were calculated for each of the eight criteria for OCPD, using the 'best-estimate' OCPD diagnosis as the standard. The diagnostic efficiencies of the OCPD criteria were variable, with three criteria failing to have predictive value (PPP<0.50). The best inclusion criterion (highest PPP) was 'Perfectionism,' which was also the overall most predictive criterion. The findings suggest ordering of the DSM-IV criteria for OCPD based on performance and call into question the utility of some criteria.
Leslie C. Morey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder over two years
Psychological Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Maria E Pagano, Donna S Bender, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Background. A defining feature of Personality Disorder (PD) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is stable over time. Follow-up and follow-along studies have shown considerable diagnostic instability of PDs, however, even over short intervals. What, then, about Personality Disorder is stable ? The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of impair- ment in psychosocial functioning in patients with four different PDs, in contrast to patients with major depressive Disorder (MDD) and no PD, prospectively over a 2-year period. Method. Six hundred treatment-seeking or treated patients were recruited primarily from clinical services in four metropolitan areas of the Northeastern USA. Patients were assigned to one of five diagnostic groups : schizotypal (STPD) (n=81), borderline (BPD) (n=155), avoidant (AVPD) (n=137), or obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) (n=142) Personality Disorders or MDD and no PD (n=85), based on the results of semi-structured interview assessments and self-report measures. Impairment in psychosocial functioning was measured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) at baseline and at three follow-up assessments. Results. Significant improvement in psychosocial functioning occurred in only three of seven domains of functioning and was largely the result of improvements in the MDD and no PD group. Patients with BPD or OCPD showed no improvement in functioning overall, but patients with BPD who experienced change in Personality psychopathology showed some improvement in functioning. Impairment in social relationships appeared most stable in patients with PDs. Conclusion. Impairment in functioning, especially social functioning, may be an enduring component of Personality Disorder.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality Disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality Disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality Disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality Disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality Disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality Disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: John G. Gunderson, Donna S Bender, Ingrid R Dyck, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. MoreyAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and patients with major depressive Disorder and no Personality Disorder. Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale. Results: Patients with schizotypal Personality Disorder and borderline Personality Disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder or major depressive Disorder; patients with avoidant Personality Disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology. Conclusions: Personality Disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive Disorder alone.
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confirmatory factor analysis of dsm iv borderline schizotypal avoidant and obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders findings from the collaborative longitudinal Personality Disorders study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Charles A. Sanislow, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: To test the diagnostic constructs implied by DSM-IV Axis-II Personality Disorders by examining relationships between different combinations of DSM-IV criteria. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder constructs in a large treatment-seeking sample (N=668) from a multisite study. A model based on the three DSM-IV Axis II clusters was also tested. Both models were tested against a unitary ‘generic’ model constructed from four criteria sets combined. Results: Goodness-of-fit for both the three-cluster and four Disorder models was significantly better than the unidimensional model, and the four-Disorder model was significantly better than the three-cluster model. Results were replicated using data from 2-year follow-up obtained by interviewers blind to original Axis II diagnoses at baseline. Conclusion: Support is provided for the DSM-IV Disorder-level classification for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.
John G. Gunderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Attachment Styles in Borderline Personality Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
The Psychiatric quarterly, 2006Co-Authors: Cindy J. Aaronson, Donna S Bender, John G. GundersonAbstract:The intense, unstable interpersonal relationships characteristic of patients with borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are thought to represent insecure attachment. The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire was used to compare the attachment styles of patients with BPD to the styles of patients with a contrasting Personality Disorder, obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). The results showed that patients with BPD were more likely to exhibit angry withdrawal and Compulsive care-seeking attachment patterns. Patients with BPD also scored higher on the dimensions of lack of availability of the attachment figure, feared loss of the attachment figure, lack of use of the attachment figure, and separation protest. The findings may be relevant for understanding the core interpersonal psychopathology of BPD and for managing therapeutic relationships with these patients.
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stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder over two years
Psychological Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Maria E Pagano, Donna S Bender, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Background. A defining feature of Personality Disorder (PD) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is stable over time. Follow-up and follow-along studies have shown considerable diagnostic instability of PDs, however, even over short intervals. What, then, about Personality Disorder is stable ? The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of impair- ment in psychosocial functioning in patients with four different PDs, in contrast to patients with major depressive Disorder (MDD) and no PD, prospectively over a 2-year period. Method. Six hundred treatment-seeking or treated patients were recruited primarily from clinical services in four metropolitan areas of the Northeastern USA. Patients were assigned to one of five diagnostic groups : schizotypal (STPD) (n=81), borderline (BPD) (n=155), avoidant (AVPD) (n=137), or obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) (n=142) Personality Disorders or MDD and no PD (n=85), based on the results of semi-structured interview assessments and self-report measures. Impairment in psychosocial functioning was measured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) at baseline and at three follow-up assessments. Results. Significant improvement in psychosocial functioning occurred in only three of seven domains of functioning and was largely the result of improvements in the MDD and no PD group. Patients with BPD or OCPD showed no improvement in functioning overall, but patients with BPD who experienced change in Personality psychopathology showed some improvement in functioning. Impairment in social relationships appeared most stable in patients with PDs. Conclusion. Impairment in functioning, especially social functioning, may be an enduring component of Personality Disorder.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality Disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality Disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality Disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality Disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality Disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality Disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: John G. Gunderson, Donna S Bender, Ingrid R Dyck, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. MoreyAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and patients with major depressive Disorder and no Personality Disorder. Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale. Results: Patients with schizotypal Personality Disorder and borderline Personality Disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder or major depressive Disorder; patients with avoidant Personality Disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology. Conclusions: Personality Disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive Disorder alone.
Donna S Bender - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Attachment Styles in Borderline Personality Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
The Psychiatric quarterly, 2006Co-Authors: Cindy J. Aaronson, Donna S Bender, John G. GundersonAbstract:The intense, unstable interpersonal relationships characteristic of patients with borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are thought to represent insecure attachment. The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire was used to compare the attachment styles of patients with BPD to the styles of patients with a contrasting Personality Disorder, obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). The results showed that patients with BPD were more likely to exhibit angry withdrawal and Compulsive care-seeking attachment patterns. Patients with BPD also scored higher on the dimensions of lack of availability of the attachment figure, feared loss of the attachment figure, lack of use of the attachment figure, and separation protest. The findings may be relevant for understanding the core interpersonal psychopathology of BPD and for managing therapeutic relationships with these patients.
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stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder over two years
Psychological Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Maria E Pagano, Donna S Bender, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Background. A defining feature of Personality Disorder (PD) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is stable over time. Follow-up and follow-along studies have shown considerable diagnostic instability of PDs, however, even over short intervals. What, then, about Personality Disorder is stable ? The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of impair- ment in psychosocial functioning in patients with four different PDs, in contrast to patients with major depressive Disorder (MDD) and no PD, prospectively over a 2-year period. Method. Six hundred treatment-seeking or treated patients were recruited primarily from clinical services in four metropolitan areas of the Northeastern USA. Patients were assigned to one of five diagnostic groups : schizotypal (STPD) (n=81), borderline (BPD) (n=155), avoidant (AVPD) (n=137), or obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) (n=142) Personality Disorders or MDD and no PD (n=85), based on the results of semi-structured interview assessments and self-report measures. Impairment in psychosocial functioning was measured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) at baseline and at three follow-up assessments. Results. Significant improvement in psychosocial functioning occurred in only three of seven domains of functioning and was largely the result of improvements in the MDD and no PD group. Patients with BPD or OCPD showed no improvement in functioning overall, but patients with BPD who experienced change in Personality psychopathology showed some improvement in functioning. Impairment in social relationships appeared most stable in patients with PDs. Conclusion. Impairment in functioning, especially social functioning, may be an enduring component of Personality Disorder.
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Two-Year Prevalence and Stability of Individual DSM-IV Criteria for Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Toward a Hybrid Model of Axis II Disorders
The American journal of psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Thomas H. Mcglashan, Mary C Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Elizabeth Ralevski, Donna S BenderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: This study tracked the individual criteria of four DSM-IV Personality Disorders—borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders—and how they change over 2 years. METHOD: This clinical sample of patients with Personality Disorders was derived from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study and included all participants with borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder for whom complete 24-month blind follow-up assessments were obtained (N=474). The authors identified and rank-ordered criteria for each of the four Personality Disorders by their variation in prevalence and changeability (remission) over time. RESULTS: The most prevalent and least changeable criteria over 2 years were paranoid ideation and unusual experiences for schizotypal Personality Disorder, affective instability and anger for borderline Personality Disorder, feeling inadequate and feeling socially inept for avoidant Personality Disorder, and ...
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: John G. Gunderson, Donna S Bender, Ingrid R Dyck, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. MoreyAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and patients with major depressive Disorder and no Personality Disorder. Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale. Results: Patients with schizotypal Personality Disorder and borderline Personality Disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder or major depressive Disorder; patients with avoidant Personality Disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology. Conclusions: Personality Disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive Disorder alone.
Robert L Stout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clarifying the convergence between obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder criteria and obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Jane L Eisen, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Carlos M. Grilo, Shirley Yen, Meredith E Coles, Maria E Pagano, Steven A RasmussenAbstract:In this study we examined the convergence between obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) criteria and obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Baseline assessments of 629 participants of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study were used to examine the associations between OCPD criteria and diagnoses of OCD. Three of the eight OCPD criteria—hoarding, perfectionism, and preoccupation with details—were significantly more frequent in subjects with OCD (n = 89) than in subjects without OCD (n = 540). Logistic regressions were used to predict the probability of each OCPD criterion as a function of Axis I diagnoses (OCD, additional anxiety Disorders, and major depressive Disorder). Associations between OCD and these three OCPD criteria remained significant in the logistic regressions, showing unique associations with OCD and odds ratios ranging from 2.71 to 2.99. In addition, other anxiety Disorders and major depressive Disorder showed few associations with specific OCPD criteria. This study suggests variability in the strength of the relationships between specific OCPD criteria and OCD. The findings also support a unique relationship between OCPD symptoms and OCD, compared to other anxiety Disorders or major depression. Future efforts to explore the link between Axis I and Axis II Disorders may be enriched by conducting analyses at the symptom level.
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stability of functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder over two years
Psychological Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Maria E Pagano, Donna S Bender, Tracie M Shea, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Shirley Yen, Carlos M. GriloAbstract:Background. A defining feature of Personality Disorder (PD) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is stable over time. Follow-up and follow-along studies have shown considerable diagnostic instability of PDs, however, even over short intervals. What, then, about Personality Disorder is stable ? The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of impair- ment in psychosocial functioning in patients with four different PDs, in contrast to patients with major depressive Disorder (MDD) and no PD, prospectively over a 2-year period. Method. Six hundred treatment-seeking or treated patients were recruited primarily from clinical services in four metropolitan areas of the Northeastern USA. Patients were assigned to one of five diagnostic groups : schizotypal (STPD) (n=81), borderline (BPD) (n=155), avoidant (AVPD) (n=137), or obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) (n=142) Personality Disorders or MDD and no PD (n=85), based on the results of semi-structured interview assessments and self-report measures. Impairment in psychosocial functioning was measured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE) at baseline and at three follow-up assessments. Results. Significant improvement in psychosocial functioning occurred in only three of seven domains of functioning and was largely the result of improvements in the MDD and no PD group. Patients with BPD or OCPD showed no improvement in functioning overall, but patients with BPD who experienced change in Personality psychopathology showed some improvement in functioning. Impairment in social relationships appeared most stable in patients with PDs. Conclusion. Impairment in functioning, especially social functioning, may be an enduring component of Personality Disorder.
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longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of dsm iv criteria for obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder a 2 year prospective study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2004Co-Authors: Carlos M. Grilo, Donna S Bender, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, M. T. Shea, Shirley YenAbstract:Objective: To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Method: At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. Results: Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of ‘preoccupied with details’, ‘rigid and stubborn’, and ‘reluctant to delegate’. Conclusion: These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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functional impairment in patients with schizotypal borderline avoidant or obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: John G. Gunderson, Donna S Bender, Ingrid R Dyck, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. MoreyAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and patients with major depressive Disorder and no Personality Disorder. Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale. Results: Patients with schizotypal Personality Disorder and borderline Personality Disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and at leisure than patients with obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder or major depressive Disorder; patients with avoidant Personality Disorder were intermediate. These differences were found across assessment modalities and remained significant after covarying for demographic differences and comorbid axis I psychopathology. Conclusions: Personality Disorders are a significant source of psychiatric morbidity, accounting for more impairment in functioning than major depressive Disorder alone.
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confirmatory factor analysis of dsm iv borderline schizotypal avoidant and obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders findings from the collaborative longitudinal Personality Disorders study
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Charles A. Sanislow, Tracie M Shea, Mary C Zanarini, Robert L Stout, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. McglashanAbstract:Objective: To test the diagnostic constructs implied by DSM-IV Axis-II Personality Disorders by examining relationships between different combinations of DSM-IV criteria. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder constructs in a large treatment-seeking sample (N=668) from a multisite study. A model based on the three DSM-IV Axis II clusters was also tested. Both models were tested against a unitary ‘generic’ model constructed from four criteria sets combined. Results: Goodness-of-fit for both the three-cluster and four Disorder models was significantly better than the unidimensional model, and the four-Disorder model was significantly better than the three-cluster model. Results were replicated using data from 2-year follow-up obtained by interviewers blind to original Axis II diagnoses at baseline. Conclusion: Support is provided for the DSM-IV Disorder-level classification for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders in a treatment-seeking sample.