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Khalid A. Mufti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG SURVIVORS OF AFGHAN TORTURE AND Concentration Camps
Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 1999Co-Authors: Zahid Nazir, Samina Said, Khalid A. MuftiAbstract:Thirty Afghan refugees who had survived torture and Concentration Camps experience were subjected to thorough psychiatric search. All of them met the DSM-III R Criteria for post- traumatic Stress Disorder. Their main symptoms were avoidance of the past recall , intrusive thoughts and nightmares that were persistent. These findings give cross-cultural validation of post-traumatic stress syndrome in general while with a difference that (i). Younger patients of our study group showed better prognosis and minimum suicidal tendencies, (ii). Duration of stay in Concentration Camps was significantly less as compared to Western studies.
Elizabeth Van Heyningen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a tool for modernisation the boer Concentration Camps of the south african war 1900 1902
South African Journal of Science, 2010Co-Authors: Elizabeth Van HeyningenAbstract:While not denying the tragedy of the high mortality of people in the Concentration Camps in the South African War of 1899–1902, this article suggests that, for Lord Milner and the British Colonial Office, the Camps became a means of introducing the rural society of the Boers to the facilities of modern life. To some extent they became, in effect, part of Milner’s project for ‘civilising’ and assimilating the Boers into British colonial society. The high mortality rate was finally contained through the introduction of a modern public health system, including the use of statistics and the employment of qualified doctors and nurses. Young Boer women working in the camp hospitals as nurse aids were trained as ‘probationers’ and classes in infant and child care were offered to the Boer mothers. In addition, the need for adequate water supplies and effective sanitation meant that an infrastructure was established in the Camps that familiarised the Boers with modern sanitary routines and left a legacy of more substantial services for the Transvaal and Orange Free State villages. Author comment: My article was never intended to denigrate Afrikaners in any way. The republican Boers were caught up in an unjust war and they suffered dreadful losses as a result. However, I have argued elsewhere that many of the farm families, who had had little contact with modern preventive medicine, functioned within a different cultural world from the British who ran the Camps. I have discussed this in much more detail in the following article: Van Heyningen E. Women and disease. The clash of medical cultures in the Concentration Camps of the South African War. In: Cuthbertson G, Grundlingh A, Suttie M-L, editors. Writing a wider war. Rethinking gender, race, and identity in the South African War, 1899–1902. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002; p. 186–212. A shorter version of the article has also been published in Van Heyningen E. British doctors versus Boer women: Clash of medical cultures. In: Pretorius F, editor. Scorched Earth. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 2001; p. 78–197. There is also an Afrikaans version of this book published under the title of Verskroeide aarde . The same ideas are discussed by Professor Pretorius and myself in the documentary Scorched Earth which has been aired several times recently on the History Channel of DSTV.
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a tool for modernisation the boer Concentration Camps of the south african war 1900 1902 research article
South African Journal of Science, 2010Co-Authors: Elizabeth Van HeyningenAbstract:While not denying the tragedy of the high mortality of people in the Concentration Camps in the South African War of 1899-1902, this article suggests that, for Lord Milner and the British Colonial Office, the Camps became a means of introducing the rural society of the Boers to the facilities of modern life. To some extent they became, in effect, part of Milner's project for 'civilising' and assimilating the Boers into British colonial society. The high mortality rate was finally contained through the introduction of a modern public health system, including the use of statistics and the employment of qualified doctors and nurses. Young Boer women working in the camp hospitals as nurse aids were trained as 'probationers' and classes in infant and child care were offered to the Boer mothers. In addition, the need for adequate water supplies and effective sanitation meant that an infrastructure was established in the Camps that familiarised the Boers with modern sanitary routines and left a legacy of more substantial services for the Transvaal and Orange Free State villages.
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The Concentration Camps of the South African (Anglo-Boer) War, 1900–1902
History Compass, 2009Co-Authors: Elizabeth Van HeyningenAbstract:The Concentration Camps of the South African War or Anglo-Boer War, where Boer women and children, as well as many black families, were interned as a result of the British military sweeps to clear the veld, incited controversy from their inception. The high mortality, primarily from measles, caused much bitterness but the history of the Camps has never been properly investigated. Instead, a mythology was created by emergent Afrikaner nationalists who deployed the women's testimonies, in particular, to establish a ‘paradigm of suffering’. Recently a number of historians have demonstrated the way in which commemoration of the Concentration Camps in South Africa has also been politicised. This article surveys the literature on the Camps, highlighting some of the omissions.
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the Concentration Camps of the south african anglo boer war 1900 1902
History Compass, 2009Co-Authors: Elizabeth Van HeyningenAbstract:The Concentration Camps of the South African War or Anglo-Boer War, where Boer women and children, as well as many black families, were interned as a result of the British military sweeps to clear the veld, incited controversy from their inception. The high mortality, primarily from measles, caused much bitterness but the history of the Camps has never been properly investigated. Instead, a mythology was created by emergent Afrikaner nationalists who deployed the women's testimonies, in particular, to establish a ‘paradigm of suffering’. Recently a number of historians have demonstrated the way in which commemoration of the Concentration Camps in South Africa has also been politicised. This article surveys the literature on the Camps, highlighting some of the omissions.
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costly mythologies the Concentration Camps of the south african war in afrikaner historiography
Journal of Southern African Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Elizabeth Van HeyningenAbstract:By the 1930s, a mythology of the Concentration Camps of the South African War had been firmly lodged in the historical consciousness of Afrikaners, establishing a paradigm of suffering that has altered remarkably little since. A major reason for the lack of a serious historiography was the failure of Afrikaners to write any critical account of the war before the 1950s. Instead, history was replaced by a ‘haze’ of poetry, memorials and ceremonies, testimonies and photographs, which offered an apparently authentic account, while inhibiting any critical examination, of the camp experience. From the 1930s, the established mythology was reinforced both by increasingly rabid descriptions of the Camps and by an Afrikaner historiography framed in a discourse of scientific objectivity. In the post-apartheid era, while the black camp experience has been introduced, to some extent it has been redeployed to reinforce this paradigm of suffering.
Dan Stone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction
2019Co-Authors: Dan StoneAbstract:Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction provides a global history of Concentration Camps, showing the differences and similarities between the various camp systems that have been used in the 20th century. Setting Concentration Camps, such as those under the Third Reich, against the longer history of incarceration, it explains how the ability of the modern state to control populations led to the creation of this extreme institution. Looking at their emergence and spread around the world, this VSI argues that Concentration Camps serve the purpose, from the point of view of the state in crisis, of removing a section of the population that is perceived to be threatening, traitorous, or diseased.
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Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction - 3. The Third Reich’s world of Camps
Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction, 2019Co-Authors: Dan StoneAbstract:‘The Third Reich’s world of Camps’ examines the history of the Nazi camp system, comparing labour Camps devised to build the ‘racial community’ with Concentration Camps set up to exclude political opponents and eventually to eradicate unwanted others—‘asocials’ and then Jews. The SS Concentration Camps at Buchenwald, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen, which were designed to brutalize the inmates and at which death was common, can be distinguished from the death Camps at Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka. Exceptions were Majdanek and Auschwitz, which by 1942 combined the functions of Concentration and death Camps. The images and testimonies of the liberation of the Nazi Camps have shaped our definition of Concentration Camps.
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Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction - 1. What is a Concentration camp
Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction, 2019Co-Authors: Dan StoneAbstract:In order to consider why Concentration Camps are so important to modern consciousness and identity, we need to understand what they are and how they have developed. ‘What is a Concentration camp?’ provides a working definition: it is an isolated, circumscribed site with fixed structures designed to incarcerate civilians. The Holocaust has confused our understanding of Concentration Camps in that a Concentration camp is not normally a death camp. They are the consequences of large numbers of opponents, far too many for the discipline, order, and expense of prisons. When the Concentration camp becomes a permanency, it is the sign of a regime that knows it cannot command national support or even tolerance.
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Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction - 6. ‘An Auschwitz every three months’: Society as camp?
Concentration Camps: A Very Short Introduction, 2019Co-Authors: Dan StoneAbstract:‘ “An Auschwitz every three months”: to society as camp?’ examines the meaning and significance of the Concentration camp. There is no single type of Concentration camp and no clear dividing line between a Concentration camp and other sites of incarceration. Are Concentration Camps ‘states of exception’ divorced from society and the rule of law, and, if so, do they therefore function as windows onto the deeper desires of modern states’ leaders or are they aberrant sites? Can a meaningful comparison be made between Concentration Camps such as those under the Nazi regime and refugee Camps or detention centres? What about contemporary settings such as favelas, shanty-towns, and sweatshops in the global south?
Zahid Nazir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG SURVIVORS OF AFGHAN TORTURE AND Concentration Camps
Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 1999Co-Authors: Zahid Nazir, Samina Said, Khalid A. MuftiAbstract:Thirty Afghan refugees who had survived torture and Concentration Camps experience were subjected to thorough psychiatric search. All of them met the DSM-III R Criteria for post- traumatic Stress Disorder. Their main symptoms were avoidance of the past recall , intrusive thoughts and nightmares that were persistent. These findings give cross-cultural validation of post-traumatic stress syndrome in general while with a difference that (i). Younger patients of our study group showed better prognosis and minimum suicidal tendencies, (ii). Duration of stay in Concentration Camps was significantly less as compared to Western studies.
Nikolaus Wachsmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Nazi Concentration Camps, 1933-1939: A Documentary History
2012Co-Authors: Christian Goeschel, Nikolaus WachsmannAbstract:Book synopsis: Weeks after Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, the Nazi regime established the first Concentration Camps in Germany. Initially used for real and suspected political enemies, the Camps increasingly came under SS control and became sites for the repression of social outsiders and German Jews. Terror was central to the Nazi regime from the beginning, and the Camps gradually moved toward the center of repression, torture, and mass murder during World War II and the Holocaust. This collection brings together revealing primary documents on the crucial origins of the Nazi Concentration camp system in the prewar years between 1933 and 1939, which have been overlooked thus far. Many of the documents are unpublished and have been translated into English for the first time. These documents provide insight into the Camps from multiple perspectives, including those of prisoners, Nazi officials, and foreign observers, and shed light on the complex relationship between terror, state, and society in the Third Reich.
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Before Auschwitz: The formation of the Nazi Concentration Camps, 1933-9
Journal of Contemporary History, 2010Co-Authors: Christian Goeschel, Nikolaus WachsmannAbstract:Is there any more potent a symbol for the destructive power of modern state terror than the nazi Concentration camp? In the Concentration Camps, the nazis pioneered new methods of mass detention, abuse and extermination, driven by a lethal mix of extreme nationalism, bio-politics and racial antisemitism. During the short lifespan of the Third Reich little more than 12 years millions of prisoners were taken to Concentration Camps run by the SS, and subjected to humiliation and degradation, dirt and disease, fear and hunger, ruthless discipline and random violence, forced labour and mass murder. In all, some two million prisoners lost their lives, including around one million Jews murdered during the Holocaust, in Auschwitz, the largest and deadliest of all the Concentration Camps.1 Long before the regime's final collapse in May 1945, the Concentration camp came to be known as the most notorious invention of the Third Reich. To be
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Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany : the new histories
2009Co-Authors: Nikolaus Wachsmann, Jane CaplanAbstract:Book synopsis: The notorious Concentration camp system was a central pillar of the Third Reich, supporting the Nazi war against political, racial and social outsiders whilst also intimidating the population at large. Established during the first months of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933, several million men, women and children of many nationalities had been incarcerated in the Camps by the end of the Second World War. At least two million lost their lives. This comprehensive volume offers the first overview of the recent scholarship that has changed the way the Camps are studied over the last two decades. Written by an international team of experts, the book covers such topics as the earliest Camps; social life, work and personnel in the Camps; the public face of the Camps; issues of gender and commemoration; and the relationship between Concentration Camps and the Final Solution. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the current historiography of the Camps, highlighting the key conclusions that have been made, commenting on continuing areas of debate, and suggesting possible directions for future research.
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The dynamics of destruction: the development of the Concentration Camps, 1933–1945
2009Co-Authors: Nikolaus WachsmannAbstract:The notorious Concentration camp system was a central pillar of the Third Reich, supporting the Nazi war against political, racial and social outsiders whilst also intimidating the population at large. Established during the first months of the Nazi dictatorship in 1933, several million men, women and children of many nationalities had been incarcerated in the Camps by the end of the Second World War. At least two million lost their lives. This comprehensive volume offers the first overview of the recent scholarship that has changed the way the Camps are studied over the last two decades. Written by an international team of experts, the book covers such topics as the earliest Camps; social life, work and personnel in the Camps; the public face of the Camps; issues of gender and commemoration; and the relationship between Concentration Camps and the Final Solution. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the current historiography of the Camps, highlighting the key conclusions that have been made, commenting on continuing areas of debate, and suggesting possible directions for future research.