The Experts below are selected from a list of 24147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sudip Talukdar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change model refinement and representative concentration pathway scenario evaluation
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar BanthiaAbstract:AbstractA number of recent studies have identified and begun to quantify increased susceptibility of the Infrastructure to climate change–induced carbonation of reinforced Concrete. In this paper, the results of a study are presented which uses an updated empirical model to predict the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Concrete and thereafter, predict carbonation depths for a number of urban environments in the United States. Data from newer climate forecasts from the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report are used to generate predictions for carbonation depths in four U.S. cities of varying geographic and climatic conditions (Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, New York City). Results confirm that carbonation depths will increase in the future because of climate change. The magnitude of the increase is dependent on the climate-change scenario considered and the geographic location of the city. Whether or not the increases will require building code changes to increase c...
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climate change induced carbonation of Concrete Infrastructure
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:There is a nearly unanimous consensus among scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide generated by human activity, are effecting the Earth's climate. For many key parameters, the climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which our societies and economies have developed and thrived. These parameters include global mean surface temperature, sea-level, ocean and ice sheet dynamics, and extreme climatic events. There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate, leading to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts. One overlooked area of research is the impact of climate change on Concrete Infrastructure. Concrete structures form an essential part of the world. Climate change could potentially affect the durability of Concrete Infrastructure. In this paper, the findings of a study at the University of British Columbia which demonstrate a long-term risk to the durability of steel-reinforced Concrete...
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change development of a service lifespan model
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar BanthiaAbstract:Abstract There is nearly unanimous consensus amongst scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, including CO 2 generated by human activity, are affecting the Earth’s climate. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 emissions will likely increase the rates of carbonation in reinforced Concrete structures. In this paper, the serviceable life, from construction through to cracking due to carbonation induced corrosion of Concrete Infrastructure is considered in various cities throughout the world. It was concluded that global climate change will affect the progression and will result in much higher ultimate carbonation depths in the long term.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change part 2 canadian urban simulations
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2012Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, a carbonation model was developed and experimentally verified which was able to forecast carbonation depth of a Concrete specimen considering varying ambient temperature, humidity and CO 2 concentrations. Part 2 of the paper applies the carbonation diffusion/reaction model developed in Part 1 to predict the effects of global climate change on the carbonation of Concrete. Climate scenarios were formulated and combined with the model for two major Canadian cities, Toronto and Vancouver. Results show that for undamaged and unstressed Concrete, climate change will significantly affect carbonation progress. The model showed that for unloaded, non-pozzolanic Concrete, ultimate carbonation depths in Toronto and Vancouver could be up to 45% higher. For in-service structures under load, the rates of deterioration are likely to be even faster. This is a cause for concern, and much further effort must be devoted to fully understand these phenomena.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change part 1 experimental results and model development
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2012Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R GraceAbstract:Abstract There is nearly unanimous consensus amongst scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 generated by human activity, are effecting the Earth’s climate. Increasing atmospheric CO2 emissions will likely increase the rates of carbonation in reinforced Concrete structures. However, there is a lack of reliable models to predict the depth of carbonation as a function of time. To address this deficiency, a numerical model involving simultaneous solution of the transient diffusion and reaction equations of CO2 and Ca(OH)2 was developed. The model successfully includes the effects of variations in various properties such as porosity, humidity, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and chemical reaction rates. The applicability of the model was confirmed after calibration using data from accelerated carbonation experiments, and the model is used to evaluate the possible effects of climate change by inputting various future climate scenarios in Part 2.
Nemkumar Banthia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change model refinement and representative concentration pathway scenario evaluation
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar BanthiaAbstract:AbstractA number of recent studies have identified and begun to quantify increased susceptibility of the Infrastructure to climate change–induced carbonation of reinforced Concrete. In this paper, the results of a study are presented which uses an updated empirical model to predict the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Concrete and thereafter, predict carbonation depths for a number of urban environments in the United States. Data from newer climate forecasts from the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report are used to generate predictions for carbonation depths in four U.S. cities of varying geographic and climatic conditions (Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago, New York City). Results confirm that carbonation depths will increase in the future because of climate change. The magnitude of the increase is dependent on the climate-change scenario considered and the geographic location of the city. Whether or not the increases will require building code changes to increase c...
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climate change induced carbonation of Concrete Infrastructure
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:There is a nearly unanimous consensus among scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide generated by human activity, are effecting the Earth's climate. For many key parameters, the climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which our societies and economies have developed and thrived. These parameters include global mean surface temperature, sea-level, ocean and ice sheet dynamics, and extreme climatic events. There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate, leading to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts. One overlooked area of research is the impact of climate change on Concrete Infrastructure. Concrete structures form an essential part of the world. Climate change could potentially affect the durability of Concrete Infrastructure. In this paper, the findings of a study at the University of British Columbia which demonstrate a long-term risk to the durability of steel-reinforced Concrete...
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change development of a service lifespan model
Construction and Building Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar BanthiaAbstract:Abstract There is nearly unanimous consensus amongst scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, including CO 2 generated by human activity, are affecting the Earth’s climate. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 emissions will likely increase the rates of carbonation in reinforced Concrete structures. In this paper, the serviceable life, from construction through to cracking due to carbonation induced corrosion of Concrete Infrastructure is considered in various cities throughout the world. It was concluded that global climate change will affect the progression and will result in much higher ultimate carbonation depths in the long term.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change part 2 canadian urban simulations
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2012Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, a carbonation model was developed and experimentally verified which was able to forecast carbonation depth of a Concrete specimen considering varying ambient temperature, humidity and CO 2 concentrations. Part 2 of the paper applies the carbonation diffusion/reaction model developed in Part 1 to predict the effects of global climate change on the carbonation of Concrete. Climate scenarios were formulated and combined with the model for two major Canadian cities, Toronto and Vancouver. Results show that for undamaged and unstressed Concrete, climate change will significantly affect carbonation progress. The model showed that for unloaded, non-pozzolanic Concrete, ultimate carbonation depths in Toronto and Vancouver could be up to 45% higher. For in-service structures under load, the rates of deterioration are likely to be even faster. This is a cause for concern, and much further effort must be devoted to fully understand these phenomena.
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change part 1 experimental results and model development
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2012Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R GraceAbstract:Abstract There is nearly unanimous consensus amongst scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 generated by human activity, are effecting the Earth’s climate. Increasing atmospheric CO2 emissions will likely increase the rates of carbonation in reinforced Concrete structures. However, there is a lack of reliable models to predict the depth of carbonation as a function of time. To address this deficiency, a numerical model involving simultaneous solution of the transient diffusion and reaction equations of CO2 and Ca(OH)2 was developed. The model successfully includes the effects of variations in various properties such as porosity, humidity, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and chemical reaction rates. The applicability of the model was confirmed after calibration using data from accelerated carbonation experiments, and the model is used to evaluate the possible effects of climate change by inputting various future climate scenarios in Part 2.
Stewart Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate change induced carbonation of Concrete Infrastructure
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:There is a nearly unanimous consensus among scientists that increasing greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide generated by human activity, are effecting the Earth's climate. For many key parameters, the climate system is already moving beyond the patterns of natural variability within which our societies and economies have developed and thrived. These parameters include global mean surface temperature, sea-level, ocean and ice sheet dynamics, and extreme climatic events. There is a significant risk that many of the trends will accelerate, leading to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts. One overlooked area of research is the impact of climate change on Concrete Infrastructure. Concrete structures form an essential part of the world. Climate change could potentially affect the durability of Concrete Infrastructure. In this paper, the findings of a study at the University of British Columbia which demonstrate a long-term risk to the durability of steel-reinforced Concrete...
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carbonation in Concrete Infrastructure in the context of global climate change part 2 canadian urban simulations
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2012Co-Authors: Sudip Talukdar, Nemkumar Banthia, John R Grace, Stewart CohenAbstract:Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, a carbonation model was developed and experimentally verified which was able to forecast carbonation depth of a Concrete specimen considering varying ambient temperature, humidity and CO 2 concentrations. Part 2 of the paper applies the carbonation diffusion/reaction model developed in Part 1 to predict the effects of global climate change on the carbonation of Concrete. Climate scenarios were formulated and combined with the model for two major Canadian cities, Toronto and Vancouver. Results show that for undamaged and unstressed Concrete, climate change will significantly affect carbonation progress. The model showed that for unloaded, non-pozzolanic Concrete, ultimate carbonation depths in Toronto and Vancouver could be up to 45% higher. For in-service structures under load, the rates of deterioration are likely to be even faster. This is a cause for concern, and much further effort must be devoted to fully understand these phenomena.
Mark G Stewart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate change and corrosion damage risks for reinforced Concrete Infrastructure in china
Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Lizhengli Peng, Mark G StewartAbstract:A changing climate which leads to increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, and changes in temperature and relative humidity (RH), especially in the longer term, will accelerate the deterioration processes and consequently decline the safety, serviceability and durability of reinforced Concrete (RC) Infrastructure. This paper presents an investigation of carbonation-induced deterioration in three typical Chinese cities (Kunming, Xiamen and Jinan) under a changing climate. The changing trends of atmospheric CO2, local temperature and RH of typical Chinese cities are projected based on the latest CO2 emission scenarios. The time-dependent analysis is based on Monte Carlo simulation, and includes the uncertainty of climate projections, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions and accuracy of predictive models. Deterioration of RC structures is represented by the probabilities of reinforcement corrosion initiation and damage. It was found that the mean carbonation depths by 2100 may increase...
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climate change adaptation for corrosion control of Concrete Infrastructure
Structural Safety, 2012Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Xiaoming Wang, Minh Ngoc NguyenAbstract:Abstract The durability of Concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, especially in the longer term, causing an acceleration of reinforcement corrosion that will affect the safety and serviceability of Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, US, Europe, China and elsewhere. This paper reviews advanced simulation procedures to predict increases in damage (corrosion) risks under a changing climate in Australia in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage due to (i) increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and changes to (ii) temperature and (iii) humidity. These time and spatial variables will affect the penetration of aggressive agents CO2 and chlorides into Concrete, and the corrosion rate once corrosion initiation occurs. The effectiveness of adaptation measures for new and existing buildings, bridges, and other Concrete Infrastructure is then assessed. Carbonation-induced damage risks may increase by more than 16% which means that one in six structures will experience additional and costly corrosion damage by 2100. We show that the impact of climate change on Infrastructure deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by changes to design procedures including increases in cover thickness, improved quality of Concrete, and coatings and barriers. For example, an increase in design cover of 10 mm and 5 mm for structures where carbonation or chlorides govern durability, respectively, will ameliorate the effects of a changing climate.
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impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to Concrete Infrastructure in australia
Climatic Change, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaoming Wang, Mark G Stewart, Minh NguyenAbstract:The durability of Concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, causing an acceleration of deterioration processes that will affect the safety and serviceability of Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, U.S., Europe, China and elsewhere. This investigation of Concrete deterioration under changing climate in Australia uses Monte-Carlo simulation of results from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and considers high greenhouse gas emission scenarios representing the A1FI schemes of the IPCC. We present the implications of climate change for the durability of Concrete structures, in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2000 and 2100 across Australia. Since the main driver to increased Concrete deterioration is CO2 concentration and temperature, then increases in damage risks observed in Australia are likely to be observed in other Concrete Infrastructure internationally. The impact of climate change on the deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by new approaches in design. Existing Concrete structures, for which design has not considered the effects of changing climate may deteriorate more rapidly than originally planned.
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impact of climate change on corrosion and damage risks to Concrete Infrastructure
2012Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Lizhengli Peng, Xiaoming WangAbstract:Increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, and changes in temperature and humidity due to a changing climate will, especially in the longer term, cause an acceleration of deterioration processes and consequently acceleration in the decline of the safety, serviceability and durability of Concrete Infrastructure. An investigation of Concrete carbonation-induced deterioration in typical Australian and Chinese cities under a changing climate is described in this paper. It is based on Monte-Carlo simulation analysis that involves three emission scenarios, i.e. A1B, A1FI and 550 ppm stabilisation. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of climate predictions, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. Deterioration of Concrete structures is represented by the probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2010 and 2100, and all of them are affected by the changing climate depending on locations. It was found that carbonation depths may increase by more than 45% for inland locations in Australia. It was also found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase threefold by 2100 to 2% for Canberra. The findings provide a basis for the development of climate adaptation strategies through the improved design of Concrete structures.
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climate change impact and risks of Concrete Infrastructure deterioration
Engineering Structures, 2011Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Xiaoming Wang, Minh Ngoc NguyenAbstract:Atmospheric CO2 is a major cause of reinforcement corrosion in bridges, buildings, wharves, and other Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, United States, United Kingdom and most other countries. The increase in CO2 levels associated with global warming will increase the likelihood of carbonation-induced corrosion. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. Clearly, the impact of climate change on existing and new Infrastructure is considerable, as corrosion damage is disruptive to society and costly to repair. The paper describes a probabilistic and reliability-based approach that predicts the probability of corrosion initiation and damage (severe cracking) for Concrete Infrastructure subjected to carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion resulting from elevated CO2 levels and temperatures. The atmospheric CO2 concentration and local temperature and relative humidity changes with time over the next 100 years in the Australian cities of Sydney and Darwin are projected based on nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under (i) high CO2 emission scenario, (ii) medium CO2 emission scenario, and (iii) CO2 emission reduction scenario based on policy intervention. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of CO2 concentration, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. It was found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase by over 400% over a time period to 2100 for some regions in Australia. Damage risks for chloride-induced corrosion increase by no more than 15% over the same time period due to temperature increase, but without consideration of ocean acidity change in marine exposure. Corrosion loss of reinforcement is not significant. The results were most sensitive to increases in atmospheric CO2.
Xiaoming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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climate change adaptation for corrosion control of Concrete Infrastructure
Structural Safety, 2012Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Xiaoming Wang, Minh Ngoc NguyenAbstract:Abstract The durability of Concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, especially in the longer term, causing an acceleration of reinforcement corrosion that will affect the safety and serviceability of Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, US, Europe, China and elsewhere. This paper reviews advanced simulation procedures to predict increases in damage (corrosion) risks under a changing climate in Australia in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage due to (i) increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and changes to (ii) temperature and (iii) humidity. These time and spatial variables will affect the penetration of aggressive agents CO2 and chlorides into Concrete, and the corrosion rate once corrosion initiation occurs. The effectiveness of adaptation measures for new and existing buildings, bridges, and other Concrete Infrastructure is then assessed. Carbonation-induced damage risks may increase by more than 16% which means that one in six structures will experience additional and costly corrosion damage by 2100. We show that the impact of climate change on Infrastructure deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by changes to design procedures including increases in cover thickness, improved quality of Concrete, and coatings and barriers. For example, an increase in design cover of 10 mm and 5 mm for structures where carbonation or chlorides govern durability, respectively, will ameliorate the effects of a changing climate.
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impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to Concrete Infrastructure in australia
Climatic Change, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaoming Wang, Mark G Stewart, Minh NguyenAbstract:The durability of Concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, causing an acceleration of deterioration processes that will affect the safety and serviceability of Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, U.S., Europe, China and elsewhere. This investigation of Concrete deterioration under changing climate in Australia uses Monte-Carlo simulation of results from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and considers high greenhouse gas emission scenarios representing the A1FI schemes of the IPCC. We present the implications of climate change for the durability of Concrete structures, in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2000 and 2100 across Australia. Since the main driver to increased Concrete deterioration is CO2 concentration and temperature, then increases in damage risks observed in Australia are likely to be observed in other Concrete Infrastructure internationally. The impact of climate change on the deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by new approaches in design. Existing Concrete structures, for which design has not considered the effects of changing climate may deteriorate more rapidly than originally planned.
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impact of climate change on corrosion and damage risks to Concrete Infrastructure
2012Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Lizhengli Peng, Xiaoming WangAbstract:Increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, and changes in temperature and humidity due to a changing climate will, especially in the longer term, cause an acceleration of deterioration processes and consequently acceleration in the decline of the safety, serviceability and durability of Concrete Infrastructure. An investigation of Concrete carbonation-induced deterioration in typical Australian and Chinese cities under a changing climate is described in this paper. It is based on Monte-Carlo simulation analysis that involves three emission scenarios, i.e. A1B, A1FI and 550 ppm stabilisation. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of climate predictions, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. Deterioration of Concrete structures is represented by the probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2010 and 2100, and all of them are affected by the changing climate depending on locations. It was found that carbonation depths may increase by more than 45% for inland locations in Australia. It was also found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase threefold by 2100 to 2% for Canberra. The findings provide a basis for the development of climate adaptation strategies through the improved design of Concrete structures.
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climate change impact and risks of Concrete Infrastructure deterioration
Engineering Structures, 2011Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, Xiaoming Wang, Minh Ngoc NguyenAbstract:Atmospheric CO2 is a major cause of reinforcement corrosion in bridges, buildings, wharves, and other Concrete Infrastructure in Australia, United States, United Kingdom and most other countries. The increase in CO2 levels associated with global warming will increase the likelihood of carbonation-induced corrosion. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. Clearly, the impact of climate change on existing and new Infrastructure is considerable, as corrosion damage is disruptive to society and costly to repair. The paper describes a probabilistic and reliability-based approach that predicts the probability of corrosion initiation and damage (severe cracking) for Concrete Infrastructure subjected to carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion resulting from elevated CO2 levels and temperatures. The atmospheric CO2 concentration and local temperature and relative humidity changes with time over the next 100 years in the Australian cities of Sydney and Darwin are projected based on nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under (i) high CO2 emission scenario, (ii) medium CO2 emission scenario, and (iii) CO2 emission reduction scenario based on policy intervention. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of CO2 concentration, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. It was found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase by over 400% over a time period to 2100 for some regions in Australia. Damage risks for chloride-induced corrosion increase by no more than 15% over the same time period due to temperature increase, but without consideration of ocean acidity change in marine exposure. Corrosion loss of reinforcement is not significant. The results were most sensitive to increases in atmospheric CO2.
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analysis of climate change impacts on the deterioration of Concrete Infrastructure
2010Co-Authors: Xiaoming Wang, Minh Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Syme, Anne Leitch, Mark G StewartAbstract:The report is based on an analysis of climate change impacts on the deterioration of Concrete Infrastructure that was funded by Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE) and the CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship. It aims to draw together all the major outcomes from the study for the benefit of policy-makers, engineering designers, asset managers and other professionals and decision-makers in both public and private sectors to assist them to understand the potential impact of climate change on Concrete Infrastructure. It also aims to provide guidance and examples to assist appropriate adaptation responses at the design and maintenance stages. The scope of the report includes the findings from the review as well as impact and adaptation assessments.