The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul E Kendra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of contents and volatile emissions from α Copaene and quercivorol lures and longevity for attraction of euwallacea nr fornicatus in florida
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:Ambrosia beetles in the cryptic species complex Euwallacea nr. fornicatus vector a fungal pathogen responsible for Fusarium dieback, a disease that impacts avocado (Persea americana), woody ornamentals, and numerous native trees in the USA (California, Florida), Israel, and other countries. Currently, these pests are detected with quercivorol lures (containing p-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers), but recent research identified an essential oil enriched in (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant. In this study, lure longevity and efficacy were assessed in three 12-week field tests conducted in Florida by deploying traps baited with quercivorol, α-Copaene, and a combination of the two. A fourth test compared different formulations of quercivorol. Concurrent with field experiments, gas chromatographic analyses were conducted to quantify initial lure contents as well as volatile emissions from lures field-aged for 12 weeks. In all tests, the lure combination captured significantly more E. nr. fornicatus than the individual lures; and in two trials, synergistic attraction was observed. Field life of the combination lure was 12 weeks; longevity of single lures varied from 9 to 12 weeks. Twelve terpenoids were detected from the α-Copaene-enriched oil, suggesting there may be additional attractants. Analysis of the quercivorol lure showed it contained 88% trans- and 9% cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol. Results indicate that the combination of quercivorol and α-Copaene provides a long-lasting, effective lure for early detection of E. nr. fornicatus in Florida. Further research is needed to determine which isomer of p-menth-2-en-1-ol is attractive to Florida E. nr. fornicatus, and if other members of the species complex are attracted to (-)-α-Copaene.
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evaluation of lure combinations containing essential oils and volatile spiroketals for detection of host seeking xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: D Owens, Mark Deyrup, Wayne S Montgomery, Teresa I Narvaez, Paul E KendraAbstract:The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the fungal pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola) that causes laurel wilt, a disease responsible for widespread mortality of trees in the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. Early detection of incipient vector populations may allow for management practices that could successfully mitigate damage. Developing new, highly effective attractants is a priority for improving sensitivity of early detection efforts. In this study, two field tests were conducted to evaluate combinations of commercially available bark and ambrosia beetle lures for enhanced attraction of host-seeking female X. glabratus. In addition, lures were compared for capture of nontarget scolytine beetles. In the first experiment, traps baited with a combination of cubeb oil, conophthorin, chalcogran, and ethanol captured greater numbers of X. glabratus than cubeb oil alone, the current standard attractant. However, this combination lure resulted in higher nontarget scolytine captures than with the cubeb lure. In the second field test, an oil enriched in the sesquiterpene α-Copaene caught significantly more X. glabratus than other lures currently available for monitoring this pest. There were no differences in efficacy between cubeb oil lures produced by two different manufacturers, and a combination lure containing copaiba and cubeb oils did not increase captures over the cubeb lure alone. Results of these two tests suggest that increased sensitivity for detection of X. glabratus may be achieved with a multicomponent lure that incorporates α-Copaene, spiroketals, and low release of ethanol.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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efficacy of α Copaene cubeb and eucalyptol lures for detection of redbay ambrosia beetle coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, Mark Deyrup, Nancy D EpskyAbstract:Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is a wood-boring pest that has now invaded nine states in the southeastern United States. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont (Raffaelea lauricola) is phytopathogenic, inducing laurel wilt in trees within the family Lauraceae. Members of the genus Persea are particularly susceptible to the lethal disease, including native redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), as well as commercial avocado (P. americana). Cubeb oil lures are the current standard for detection of X. glabratus, but recently eucalyptol and a 50% α-Copaene oil have been identified as additional attractants. This study used a combination of binary-choice bioassays, field cage release-and-recapture assays, and a 12-wk field trial to compare efficacy of eucalyptol and Copaene lures relative to commercial cubeb lures. In addition, GC-MS was used to quantify emissions from lures field-aged for 12 wk. In laboratory bioassays, Copaene lures were more attractive than eucalyptol lures. In field cage assays, Copaene lures recaptured a higher percentage of released beetles than cubeb lures. In the field test, cubeb lures captured fewer beetles than Copaene lures, and lowest captures were obtained with eucalyptol lures. Combining eucalyptol with either Copaene or cubeb lures did not increase captures over those lures deployed alone. Both Copaene and cubeb lures were effective in attracting X. glabratus for 12 wk, but field life of eucalyptol lures was only 4 wk, consistent with the quantification of lure emissions. Results suggest that the 50% α-Copaene lure provides the best pest detection currently available for X. glabratus.
Wayne S Montgomery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of contents and volatile emissions from α Copaene and quercivorol lures and longevity for attraction of euwallacea nr fornicatus in florida
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:Ambrosia beetles in the cryptic species complex Euwallacea nr. fornicatus vector a fungal pathogen responsible for Fusarium dieback, a disease that impacts avocado (Persea americana), woody ornamentals, and numerous native trees in the USA (California, Florida), Israel, and other countries. Currently, these pests are detected with quercivorol lures (containing p-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers), but recent research identified an essential oil enriched in (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant. In this study, lure longevity and efficacy were assessed in three 12-week field tests conducted in Florida by deploying traps baited with quercivorol, α-Copaene, and a combination of the two. A fourth test compared different formulations of quercivorol. Concurrent with field experiments, gas chromatographic analyses were conducted to quantify initial lure contents as well as volatile emissions from lures field-aged for 12 weeks. In all tests, the lure combination captured significantly more E. nr. fornicatus than the individual lures; and in two trials, synergistic attraction was observed. Field life of the combination lure was 12 weeks; longevity of single lures varied from 9 to 12 weeks. Twelve terpenoids were detected from the α-Copaene-enriched oil, suggesting there may be additional attractants. Analysis of the quercivorol lure showed it contained 88% trans- and 9% cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol. Results indicate that the combination of quercivorol and α-Copaene provides a long-lasting, effective lure for early detection of E. nr. fornicatus in Florida. Further research is needed to determine which isomer of p-menth-2-en-1-ol is attractive to Florida E. nr. fornicatus, and if other members of the species complex are attracted to (-)-α-Copaene.
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evaluation of lure combinations containing essential oils and volatile spiroketals for detection of host seeking xyleborus glabratus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: D Owens, Mark Deyrup, Wayne S Montgomery, Teresa I Narvaez, Paul E KendraAbstract:The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the fungal pathogen (Raffaelea lauricola) that causes laurel wilt, a disease responsible for widespread mortality of trees in the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. Early detection of incipient vector populations may allow for management practices that could successfully mitigate damage. Developing new, highly effective attractants is a priority for improving sensitivity of early detection efforts. In this study, two field tests were conducted to evaluate combinations of commercially available bark and ambrosia beetle lures for enhanced attraction of host-seeking female X. glabratus. In addition, lures were compared for capture of nontarget scolytine beetles. In the first experiment, traps baited with a combination of cubeb oil, conophthorin, chalcogran, and ethanol captured greater numbers of X. glabratus than cubeb oil alone, the current standard attractant. However, this combination lure resulted in higher nontarget scolytine captures than with the cubeb lure. In the second field test, an oil enriched in the sesquiterpene α-Copaene caught significantly more X. glabratus than other lures currently available for monitoring this pest. There were no differences in efficacy between cubeb oil lures produced by two different manufacturers, and a combination lure containing copaiba and cubeb oils did not increase captures over the cubeb lure alone. Results of these two tests suggest that increased sensitivity for detection of X. glabratus may be achieved with a multicomponent lure that incorporates α-Copaene, spiroketals, and low release of ethanol.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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efficacy of α Copaene cubeb and eucalyptol lures for detection of redbay ambrosia beetle coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, Mark Deyrup, Nancy D EpskyAbstract:Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is a wood-boring pest that has now invaded nine states in the southeastern United States. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont (Raffaelea lauricola) is phytopathogenic, inducing laurel wilt in trees within the family Lauraceae. Members of the genus Persea are particularly susceptible to the lethal disease, including native redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), as well as commercial avocado (P. americana). Cubeb oil lures are the current standard for detection of X. glabratus, but recently eucalyptol and a 50% α-Copaene oil have been identified as additional attractants. This study used a combination of binary-choice bioassays, field cage release-and-recapture assays, and a 12-wk field trial to compare efficacy of eucalyptol and Copaene lures relative to commercial cubeb lures. In addition, GC-MS was used to quantify emissions from lures field-aged for 12 wk. In laboratory bioassays, Copaene lures were more attractive than eucalyptol lures. In field cage assays, Copaene lures recaptured a higher percentage of released beetles than cubeb lures. In the field test, cubeb lures captured fewer beetles than Copaene lures, and lowest captures were obtained with eucalyptol lures. Combining eucalyptol with either Copaene or cubeb lures did not increase captures over those lures deployed alone. Both Copaene and cubeb lures were effective in attracting X. glabratus for 12 wk, but field life of eucalyptol lures was only 4 wk, consistent with the quantification of lure emissions. Results suggest that the 50% α-Copaene lure provides the best pest detection currently available for X. glabratus.
T Anand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phytochemical screening of adathodai kudineer a siddha herbal concoction and evaluation of its binding affinity with sars cov 2 spike protein and ace2 receptor spike protein complex through molecular docking in silico approach
International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Christian G J, R Meenakumari, K Rajamaheswari, Priyanka Sekaran, G Gajalakshmi, T AnandAbstract:Adathodai kudineer (AK) a Classical Siddha formulation is used to treat various fevers which cause moderate to severe acute respiratory symptoms as is indicated in the text. GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the presence of potent lead molecules in AK against novel corona virus. The aqueous extract has shown the following bioactive compounds such as Napthalene, Benzene Propanol, Benzene Acetic Acid, Furazan-3-amine, Pyrazol-4-Carboxylic acid, 2(3H) Furanone. The ethanolic extract of AK exhibited the molecular compounds such as Eucalyptol, Toluene, 2-Carene, Alpha-Copaene, 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, Aromadendrene, Gamma-murolene, Beta-Copaene, Cubebol, Selina-3,7 (11) - Diene, 2-Butanone. Molecular docking is a powerful approach in current trends to identify the possibility of pharmacological effects of medicinal compounds which could be exerted over their Corresponding Protein targets which are relevant for causing disease. Using Auto dock Vina Software, the biomolecules of AK were analyzed through molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (PDB ID 6LU7) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein – ACE 2 receptor complex (6LZG). ADME properties were also recorded for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of AK compounds using online tool SWISS ADME. The binding energy observed were of the order: -10.9 Kcal/mol, -8.0 Kcal/mol, -7.8 Kcal/mol for the compounds Alpha-Copaene, Gamma-Murolene, Selina-3,7 (11)–Diene respectively towards the protein target 6LZG and -8.2 Kcal/mol, -6.6 Kcal/Mol, -6.5 Kcal/Mol, for the compounds Alpha-Copaene, Cubebol, Aromadendrene respectively towards for the target 6LU7. These findings confirm that the Siddha formulation Adathodai Kudineer has some potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 Virus COVID19 disease.
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phytochemical screening of adathodai kudineer a siddha concoction and evaluation of binding affinity of its constituents with sars cov 2 spike protein and ace2 receptor spike protein complex through molecular docking in silico approach
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Christian Gnanaraj Johnson, T Anand, Rajamaheswari Krishnasamy, Priyanka Sekar, S Elansekaran, Ramamurthy Murugan, Shanmugapriya Ponnappan, Meenakumari RamasamyAbstract:Siddha system of medicine has a great resource of potent drugs used to combat the flu like fevers indicated as Kabam suram and Visha suram. COVID 19 outbreak has thrown up the biggest challenge during recent times to the medical professionals and researchers to counter the disease condition effectively. Adathodai kudineer (AK) a Classical Siddha formulation is prescribed by Siddha Physicians to treat various fevers and other conditions that cause moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. In Siddha texts, it is mentioned to treat diseases that cause symptoms like cough, cold, dyspnea, loss of appetite etc., GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the presence of potent lead molecules in AK. The aqueous extract has shown the following bioactive compounds such as Napthalene, Benzene Propanol, Benzene Acetic Acid, Furazan-3-amine, Pyrazol-4-Carboxylic acid and 2(3H) Furanone. The ethanolic extract of AK exhibited the molecular compounds such as Eucalyptol, Toluene, 2-Carene, Copaene, Alpha-Copaene, 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, Alloaromadendrene, Aromadendrene, Gamma-muurolene, Beta-Copaene, Cubebol, Selina-3,7 (11) - Diene, 2-Butanone. Molecular docking is a powerful approach in current trends to identify the possibility of pharmacological effects of medicinal compounds which could be exerted over their Corresponding Protein targets which are relevant for causing disease. Using Autodock Vina Software the biomolecules of AK were analyzed through molecular docking against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (PDB ID 6LU7) and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein – ACE 2 receptor complex (6LZG). ADME properties were also recorded for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of AK compounds using online tool SWISS ADME. The binding energy observed were of the order: -10.9 Kcal/mol, -8.0 Kcal/mol, -7.8 Kcal/mol for the compounds Alpha-Copaene, Gamma-Muurolene, Selina-3,7 (11)–Diene respectively towards the protein targets 6LZG and -8.2 Kcal/mol, -6.6 Kcal/Mol, -6.5 Kcal/Mol, for the compounds Alpha-Copaene, Cubebol and Aromadendrene respectively towards the target 6LU7. These findings suggest that the Siddha formulation Adathodai Kudineer (AK) has possibly potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 Virus causing the COVID19 disease. Furthermore, in-vitro studies have to be validated through investigation in cell lines towards the possible role of efficacy of AK against the COVID19 pathogen.
Daniel Carrillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of contents and volatile emissions from α Copaene and quercivorol lures and longevity for attraction of euwallacea nr fornicatus in florida
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:Ambrosia beetles in the cryptic species complex Euwallacea nr. fornicatus vector a fungal pathogen responsible for Fusarium dieback, a disease that impacts avocado (Persea americana), woody ornamentals, and numerous native trees in the USA (California, Florida), Israel, and other countries. Currently, these pests are detected with quercivorol lures (containing p-menth-2-en-1-ol isomers), but recent research identified an essential oil enriched in (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant. In this study, lure longevity and efficacy were assessed in three 12-week field tests conducted in Florida by deploying traps baited with quercivorol, α-Copaene, and a combination of the two. A fourth test compared different formulations of quercivorol. Concurrent with field experiments, gas chromatographic analyses were conducted to quantify initial lure contents as well as volatile emissions from lures field-aged for 12 weeks. In all tests, the lure combination captured significantly more E. nr. fornicatus than the individual lures; and in two trials, synergistic attraction was observed. Field life of the combination lure was 12 weeks; longevity of single lures varied from 9 to 12 weeks. Twelve terpenoids were detected from the α-Copaene-enriched oil, suggesting there may be additional attractants. Analysis of the quercivorol lure showed it contained 88% trans- and 9% cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol. Results indicate that the combination of quercivorol and α-Copaene provides a long-lasting, effective lure for early detection of E. nr. fornicatus in Florida. Further research is needed to determine which isomer of p-menth-2-en-1-ol is attractive to Florida E. nr. fornicatus, and if other members of the species complex are attracted to (-)-α-Copaene.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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α Copaene is an attractant synergistic with quercivorol for improved detection of euwallacea nr fornicatus coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, David Owens, Nurhayat Tabanca, Teresa I Narvaez, Gary R Bauchan, Daniel CarrilloAbstract:The tea shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff, is an ambrosia beetle endemic to Asia and a pest of commercial tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Recently, a complex of species morphologically similar to E. fornicatus has been recognized, which includes new pests established in Israel and the USA, both in California and Florida. Collectively termed E. nr. fornicatus, these cryptic species carry symbiotic Fusarium spp. fungi, some of which cause dieback disease in susceptible hosts, which include avocado, Persea americana Miller. Due to the threat to this economically important crop, research was initiated to evaluate efficacy of kairomone-based lures for detection of the beetle in Florida (termed the Florida tea shot hole borer, FL-TSHB). A series of field tests were conducted in 2016 in commercial avocado groves known to have FL-TSHB at various population levels. All tests evaluated lures containing quercivorol (p-menth-2-en-1-ol) and α-Copaene, presented separately and in combination; and one test evaluated effect of trap type on beetle captures. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify female olfactory responses to lure emissions. This study identified (-)-α-Copaene as a new attractant for FL-TSHB, equivalent in efficacy to quercivorol (the standard lure for Euwallacea detection in the USA); however, the combination of lures captured significantly more FL-TSHB than either lure alone. This combination resulted in synergistic attraction at two field sites and additive attraction at a third site. Sticky panel traps captured more FL-TSHB than comparably-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Females engaged in host-seeking flight from 11:00 to 16:00 hr (EST), with peak numbers observed between 12:00 and 13:00 hr. EAG analyses confirmed olfactory chemoreception of both kairomones, with a higher response elicited with the combination of volatiles. Results indicate that detection of pest E. nr. fornicatus in Florida can be improved by using a two-component lure consisting of p-menth-2-en-1-ol and (-)-α-Copaene.
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efficacy of α Copaene cubeb and eucalyptol lures for detection of redbay ambrosia beetle coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Elena Q Schnell, Mark Deyrup, Nancy D EpskyAbstract:Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is a wood-boring pest that has now invaded nine states in the southeastern United States. The beetle's dominant fungal symbiont (Raffaelea lauricola) is phytopathogenic, inducing laurel wilt in trees within the family Lauraceae. Members of the genus Persea are particularly susceptible to the lethal disease, including native redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris), as well as commercial avocado (P. americana). Cubeb oil lures are the current standard for detection of X. glabratus, but recently eucalyptol and a 50% α-Copaene oil have been identified as additional attractants. This study used a combination of binary-choice bioassays, field cage release-and-recapture assays, and a 12-wk field trial to compare efficacy of eucalyptol and Copaene lures relative to commercial cubeb lures. In addition, GC-MS was used to quantify emissions from lures field-aged for 12 wk. In laboratory bioassays, Copaene lures were more attractive than eucalyptol lures. In field cage assays, Copaene lures recaptured a higher percentage of released beetles than cubeb lures. In the field test, cubeb lures captured fewer beetles than Copaene lures, and lowest captures were obtained with eucalyptol lures. Combining eucalyptol with either Copaene or cubeb lures did not increase captures over those lures deployed alone. Both Copaene and cubeb lures were effective in attracting X. glabratus for 12 wk, but field life of eucalyptol lures was only 4 wk, consistent with the quantification of lure emissions. Results suggest that the 50% α-Copaene lure provides the best pest detection currently available for X. glabratus.
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attraction of the redbay ambrosia beetle xyleborus glabratus to avocado lychee and essential oil lures
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Paul E Kendra, Jerome Niogret, Gurbinder Singh Brar, Jorge E. Peña, John L Capinera, Wayne S Montgomery, Nancy D Epsky, Robert R HeathAbstract:The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is an exotic wood-boring insect that vectors the mycopathogen responsible for laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. High mortality has occurred in native Persea species in the southeastern U.S., and the vector-pathogen complex poses an imminent threat to the production of commercial avocado, P. americana, in south Florida. There is a critical need for effective attractants to detect, monitor, and control this invasive pest. This study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate the response of female X. glabratus to host-based volatiles from wood of avocado (cultivars of West Indian, Guatemalan, and Mexican races); from wood of lychee (Litchi chinensis, a presumed non-host that is high in the sesquiterpene α-Copaene, a putative attractant); and to commercial lures containing manuka and phoebe oils, two reported attractive baits. Volatile collections and GC-MS analyses were performed to quantify the sesquiterpene content of test substrates. In the field, traps baited with lychee wood captured more beetles than those with wood from avocado cultivars; traps baited with phoebe oil lures captured more beetles than those with manuka oil lures (the current monitoring tool). In field and laboratory tests, X. glabratus did not show a preference among avocado races in either attraction or host acceptance (initiation of boring). In choice tests, lychee was more attractive than avocado initially, but a higher percentage of beetles bored into avocado, suggesting that lychee emits more powerful olfactory/visual cues, but that avocado contains more of the secondary cues necessary for host recognition. Emissions of α-Copaene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene were correlated with field captures, and lychee wood may be a source of additional semiochemicals for X. glabratus.
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attraction and electroantennogram responses of male mediterranean fruit fly to volatile chemicals from persea litchi and ficus wood
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Jerome Niogret, Paul E Kendra, Wayne S Montgomery, Robert R Heath, Nancy D EpskyAbstract:Trimedlure is the most effective male-targeted lure for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). A similar response is elicited by plant substances that contain α-Copaene, a naturally-occurring sesquiterpene. α-Copaene is a complex, highly-volatile, widely-distributed plant compound, and male C. capitata respond to material from both hosts (e.g., Litchi chinensis) and non-hosts (e.g., Ficus benjamina) that contain α-Copaene. Avocado, Persea americana, recently was found to contain varying amounts of α-Copaene in the bark and underlying cambial tissue. Short-range attraction bioassays and electroantennography (EAG) were used to quantify responses of sterile male C. capitata to samples of rasped wood from four avocado genotypes, L. chinensis, and F. benjamina. Gas chromatography-mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify and quantify the major sesquiterpenes. Attraction and EAG amplitude were correlated, with L. chinensis eliciting the highest and F. benjamina the lowest responses. Responses to the avocado genotypes were intermediate, but varied among the four types. GC-MS identified 13 sesquiterpenes, including α-Copaene, from all samples. Amounts of α-Copaene in volatile collections from samples (3 g) ranged from 11.8 μg in L. chinensis to 0.09 μg in F. benjamina, which correlated with short-range attraction and EAG response. α-Copaene ranged from 8.0 to 0.8 μg in the avocado genotypes, but attraction and EAG responses were not correlated with the amount of α-Copaene. Differences in enantiomeric structure of the α-Copaene in the different genotypes and/or presence of additional sesquiterpenes may be responsible for the variation in male response. EAG responses were correlated with the amount of several other sesquiterpenes including α-humulene, and this compound elicited a strong antennal response when tested alone.