The Experts below are selected from a list of 29868 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric A Decker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lipid oxidation in Corn Oil in water emulsions stabilized by casein whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Min Hu, Julian D Mcclements, Eric A DeckerAbstract:Proteins can be used to produce cationic Oil-in-water emulsion droplets at pH 3.0 that have high oxidative stability. This research investigated differences in the physical properties and oxidative stability of Corn Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by casein, whey protein isolate (WPI), or soy protein isolate (SPI) at pH 3.0. Emulsions were prepared with 5% Corn Oil and 0.2−1.5% protein. Physically stable, monomodal emulsions were prepared with 1.5% casein, 1.0 or 1.5% SPI, and ≥0.5% WPI. The oxidative stability of the different protein-stabilized emulsions was in the order of casein > WPI > SPI as determined by monitoring both lipid hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal formation. The degree of positive charge on the protein-stabilized emulsion droplets was not the only factor involved in the inhibition of lipid oxidation because the charge of the emulsion droplets (WPI > casein ≥ SPI) did not parallel oxidative stability. Other potential reasons for differences in oxidative stability of the protein-stabi...
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lipid oxidation in Corn Oil in water emulsions stabilized by casein whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Julian D Mcclements, Eric A DeckerAbstract:Proteins can be used to produce cationic Oil-in-water emulsion droplets at pH 3.0 that have high oxidative stability. This research investigated differences in the physical properties and oxidative stability of Corn Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by casein, whey protein isolate (WPI), or soy protein isolate (SPI) at pH 3.0. Emulsions were prepared with 5% Corn Oil and 0.2-1.5% protein. Physically stable, monomodal emulsions were prepared with 1.5% casein, 1.0 or 1.5% SPI, and > or =0.5% WPI. The oxidative stability of the different protein-stabilized emulsions was in the order of casein > WPI > SPI as determined by monitoring both lipid hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal formation. The degree of positive charge on the protein-stabilized emulsion droplets was not the only factor involved in the inhibition of lipid oxidation because the charge of the emulsion droplets (WPI > casein > or = SPI) did not parallel oxidative stability. Other potential reasons for differences in oxidative stability of the protein-stabilized emulsions include differences in interfacial film thickness, protein chelating properties, and differences in free radical scavenging amino acids. This research shows that differences can be seen in the oxidative stability of protein-stabilized emulsions; however, further research is needed to determine the mechanisms for these differences.
S K Duckett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corn Oil or Corn grain supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue ii effects on subcutaneous fatty acid content and lipogenic gene expression
Journal of Animal Science, 2009Co-Authors: S K Duckett, S L Pratt, E PavanAbstract:Twenty-eight Angus steers (289 kg) were finished on a high-concentrate diet (85% concentrate: 15% roughage; CONC), or endophyte-free tall fescue pastures with Corn grain supplement (0.52% of BW; PC), Corn Oil plus soybean hull supplement (0.10% of BW Corn Oil plus 0.45% of BW soybean hulls; PO), or no supplement (pasture only; PA). Subcutaneous adipose tissues were processed for total cellular RNA extraction and fatty acid composition by GLC. Relative expression of genes involved in lipogenesis [fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)] and activators of transcription [(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), C/EBPalpha, sterol regulatory binding protein-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-5, and Spot-14] was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Housekeeping gene (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-actin) expression was used in analysis to normalize expression data. Total fatty acid content was greatest (P 0.05) between PO and PA. Corn Oil supplementation increased (P 0.05) the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer compared with PA. Oil supplementation increased (P < 0.001) linoleic acid (C18:2) content by 56, 98 and 262% compared with CONC, PC, and PA, respectively. Relative mRNA expression of SCD was upregulated (P < 0.001) by 46-, 18- and 7-fold, respectively, for CONC, PC, and PO compared with PA. Relative FASN mRNA expression was also upregulated (P = 0.004) by 9- and 5-fold, respectively, for CONC and PC compared with PA. Grain feeding, either on CONC or supplemented on pasture, upregulated FASN and SCD mRNA to increase MUFA and de novo fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Upregulation of SCD with grain feeding and reduced tissue CLA concentrations suggest that the decreased CLA concentrations were the result of limited substrate (trans-11 vaccenic acid) availability.
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Corn Oil supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue ii effects on longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid composition and stearoyl coa desaturase activity and expression
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: E Pavan, S K DuckettAbstract:Eighteen steers were used to evaluate the effect of supplemental Corn Oil level to steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue on fatty acid composition of LM, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and expression as well as cellularity in s.c. adipose. Corn Oil was supplemented (g/kg of BW) at 0 (none), 0.75 (medium), and 1.5 (high). Cottonseed hulls were used as a carrier for the Corn Oil and were supplemented according to pasture availability (0.7 to 1% of BW). Steers were finished on a rotationally grazed, tall fescue pasture for 116 d. Fatty acid composition of LM, s.c. adipose, and diet was determined by GLC. Total linoleic acid intake increased linearly (P 0.05) the percentage of total SFA, MUFA, or PUFA but linearly increased (P = 0.03) n-6:n-3 ratio from 2.4 to 2.9 in none and high, respectively. Among tissues, total SFA and MUFA were greater in s.c. adipose than LM, whereas total PUFA, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and the n-6:n-3 ratio were lower. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid, VA, and CLA trans-10, cis-12 were greater (P 0.05) stearoyl CoA desaturase activity or mRNA expression. Corn Oil supplementation to grazing steers reduced the percentages of highly atherogenic fatty acids (myristic and palmitic acids) and increased the percentages of antiatherogenic and anticarcino-genic fatty acids (VA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA).
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Corn Oil supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue i effects on in vivo digestibility performance and carcass traits
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: E Pavan, S K Duckett, John AndraeAbstract:Eighteen Angus steers (438 +/- 4 kg of BW) were supplemented with varying levels of Corn Oil (0 g/kg of BW, none; 0.75 g/kg of BW, MED; or 1.5 g/kg of BW, HI) on rotationally stocked, endophyte-free tall fescue to determine the effect of supplemental Oil level on in vivo digestibility, intake, performance, and carcass traits. Pelleted cottonseed hulls were used as a carrier for the Oil supplements, and all supplements were offered to steers using Calan gate feeders for individual intake determination. On d 49, each steer was dosed with a controlled-release capsule containing chromium sesquioxide, and fecal samples were obtained 12 d later over a 7-d period to estimate fecal output that, with forage, supplement, and fecal indigestible NDF concentration, was used to estimate DMI and in vivo total diet digestibility. Steers were slaughtered at the end of the 116-d grazing period, and carcass data were collected at 24 h postmortem. Total fatty acid intake linearly increased with Corn Oil supplementation, and forage DMI, total DMI, and total DE intake were linearly decreased (P 0.10). Oil supplementation to grazing steers linearly reduced forage DMI intake; however, animal performance was maintained and tended to be greater for Oil-supplemented cattle. Oil supplementation increased carcass fat thickness and weight without altering other carcass quality parameters.
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effects of supplemental rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid or Corn Oil on fatty acid composition of adipose tissues in beef cattle
Journal of Animal Science, 2004Co-Authors: M H Gillis, S K Duckett, J R SackmannAbstract:Thirty-six Angus x Hereford heifers (365 +/- 60 kg) were used to determine the effects of supplemental dietary lipid sources on fatty acid composition of i.m., perianal (p.a.), and s.c. lipid depots. Lipid was supplied to diets as either Corn Oil or a rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) salt for two specific treatment periods of either the final 32 or 60 d on feed. Following an initial 56-d feeding period, heifers were fed one of three dietary treatments (DM basis): 1) basal diet containing 88% concentrate and 12% grass hay (CON), 2) basal diet plus 4% Corn Oil (Oil), or 3) basal diet plus 2% rumen-protected CLA salt (RPCLA) containing 31% CLA. The trans-10, cis-12 CLA concentration was greatest (P 0.05). Percentages of C18:1 trans-10 were least (P 0.05). Following 60 d of lipid supplementation, heifers fed Oil and RPCLA had lower (P 0.05) between adipose depots. Feeding Oil increased (P < 0.05) adipose concentration of C18:2 fatty acid, whereas feeding RPCLA increased (P < 0.05) total CLA isomers by 22%. Intramuscular lipid contained the lowest (P < 0.05) percentage of cis-9, trans-11 CLA, total CLA, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 trans-10, and TVA. Total CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomers were increased (P < 0.05) in p.a. and s.c. adipose depots, whereas i.m. adipose tissue contained increased (P < 0.05) amounts of total PUFA. Results from this study indicate that short-term lipid supplementation to feedlot cattle can increase adipose tissue CLA concentrations, but only marginally (8.3 to 17.5%). Moreover, observed decreases in oleic acid and total MUFA concentrations of adipose tissues from heifers fed rumen-protected CLA or Corn Oil suggest that lipid supplementation may decrease delta9 desaturase activity in adipose tissues, which in turn would lower the conversion of TVA to cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer.
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effect of high Oil Corn or added Corn Oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid formation in beef steers fed finishing diets
Journal of Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: S K Duckett, J G Andrae, F N OwensAbstract:Three Angus steers (410 kg) cannulated in the proximal duodenum were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid level and Oil source on ruminal biohydrogenation and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) outflow. Dietary treatments included: 1) typical Corn (TC; 79.2% typical Corn), 2) high-Oil Corn (HOC; 79.2% high-Oil Corn), and 3) the TC diet with Corn Oil added to supply an amount of lipid equal to the HOC diet (Oil; 76.9% TC + 2.4% Corn Oil). Duodenal samples were collected for 4 d following 10-d diet adaptation periods. Data were analyzed with animal, square, period, and treatment in the model and planned, nonorthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of dietary lipid content (TC vs HOC and Oil) and Oil source (HOC vs Oil) on ruminal biohydrogenation. Intake and duodenal flow of total long-chain fatty acids were increased (P 0.05) by dietary lipid level or Oil source. Ruminal biohydrogenation of total and individual 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids was greater (P < 0.05) for diets with higher lipid content. Biohydrogenation of oleic acid was greater (P < 0.05) for HOC than Oil, but biohydrogenation of linoleic acid was lower (P < 0.05) for HOC than Oil. Duodenal flows of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and arachidic acids were more than 30% greater (P < 0.05) for diets containing more lipid. Flow of all trans-octadecenoic acids was greater (P < 0.05) for diets containing more lipid. Corn Oil addition increased (P < 0.05) the flow of trans-10 octadecenoic acid and the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA by threefold compared to feeding high-Oil Corn. Feeding high-Oil Corn or adding Corn Oil to typical Corn rations increased intake, biohydrogenation, and duodenal flow of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Compared with high-Oil Corn diets, addition of Corn Oil increased duodenal flow of trans-10, trans-12 and cis-12 isomers of octadecenoic acid and the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA. The amount of cis-9, trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid flowing to the duodenum was less than 260 mg/d, a value over 20 times lower than flow of trans-11 vaccenic acid indicating the importance of tissue desaturation for enhanced conjugated linoleic acid content of beef.
Julian D Mcclements - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lipid oxidation in Corn Oil in water emulsions stabilized by casein whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Min Hu, Julian D Mcclements, Eric A DeckerAbstract:Proteins can be used to produce cationic Oil-in-water emulsion droplets at pH 3.0 that have high oxidative stability. This research investigated differences in the physical properties and oxidative stability of Corn Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by casein, whey protein isolate (WPI), or soy protein isolate (SPI) at pH 3.0. Emulsions were prepared with 5% Corn Oil and 0.2−1.5% protein. Physically stable, monomodal emulsions were prepared with 1.5% casein, 1.0 or 1.5% SPI, and ≥0.5% WPI. The oxidative stability of the different protein-stabilized emulsions was in the order of casein > WPI > SPI as determined by monitoring both lipid hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal formation. The degree of positive charge on the protein-stabilized emulsion droplets was not the only factor involved in the inhibition of lipid oxidation because the charge of the emulsion droplets (WPI > casein ≥ SPI) did not parallel oxidative stability. Other potential reasons for differences in oxidative stability of the protein-stabi...
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lipid oxidation in Corn Oil in water emulsions stabilized by casein whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Julian D Mcclements, Eric A DeckerAbstract:Proteins can be used to produce cationic Oil-in-water emulsion droplets at pH 3.0 that have high oxidative stability. This research investigated differences in the physical properties and oxidative stability of Corn Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by casein, whey protein isolate (WPI), or soy protein isolate (SPI) at pH 3.0. Emulsions were prepared with 5% Corn Oil and 0.2-1.5% protein. Physically stable, monomodal emulsions were prepared with 1.5% casein, 1.0 or 1.5% SPI, and > or =0.5% WPI. The oxidative stability of the different protein-stabilized emulsions was in the order of casein > WPI > SPI as determined by monitoring both lipid hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal formation. The degree of positive charge on the protein-stabilized emulsion droplets was not the only factor involved in the inhibition of lipid oxidation because the charge of the emulsion droplets (WPI > casein > or = SPI) did not parallel oxidative stability. Other potential reasons for differences in oxidative stability of the protein-stabilized emulsions include differences in interfacial film thickness, protein chelating properties, and differences in free radical scavenging amino acids. This research shows that differences can be seen in the oxidative stability of protein-stabilized emulsions; however, further research is needed to determine the mechanisms for these differences.
E Pavan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corn Oil or Corn grain supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue ii effects on subcutaneous fatty acid content and lipogenic gene expression
Journal of Animal Science, 2009Co-Authors: S K Duckett, S L Pratt, E PavanAbstract:Twenty-eight Angus steers (289 kg) were finished on a high-concentrate diet (85% concentrate: 15% roughage; CONC), or endophyte-free tall fescue pastures with Corn grain supplement (0.52% of BW; PC), Corn Oil plus soybean hull supplement (0.10% of BW Corn Oil plus 0.45% of BW soybean hulls; PO), or no supplement (pasture only; PA). Subcutaneous adipose tissues were processed for total cellular RNA extraction and fatty acid composition by GLC. Relative expression of genes involved in lipogenesis [fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)] and activators of transcription [(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), C/EBPalpha, sterol regulatory binding protein-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-5, and Spot-14] was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Housekeeping gene (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-actin) expression was used in analysis to normalize expression data. Total fatty acid content was greatest (P 0.05) between PO and PA. Corn Oil supplementation increased (P 0.05) the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer compared with PA. Oil supplementation increased (P < 0.001) linoleic acid (C18:2) content by 56, 98 and 262% compared with CONC, PC, and PA, respectively. Relative mRNA expression of SCD was upregulated (P < 0.001) by 46-, 18- and 7-fold, respectively, for CONC, PC, and PO compared with PA. Relative FASN mRNA expression was also upregulated (P = 0.004) by 9- and 5-fold, respectively, for CONC and PC compared with PA. Grain feeding, either on CONC or supplemented on pasture, upregulated FASN and SCD mRNA to increase MUFA and de novo fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Upregulation of SCD with grain feeding and reduced tissue CLA concentrations suggest that the decreased CLA concentrations were the result of limited substrate (trans-11 vaccenic acid) availability.
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Corn Oil supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue ii effects on longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid composition and stearoyl coa desaturase activity and expression
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: E Pavan, S K DuckettAbstract:Eighteen steers were used to evaluate the effect of supplemental Corn Oil level to steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue on fatty acid composition of LM, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and expression as well as cellularity in s.c. adipose. Corn Oil was supplemented (g/kg of BW) at 0 (none), 0.75 (medium), and 1.5 (high). Cottonseed hulls were used as a carrier for the Corn Oil and were supplemented according to pasture availability (0.7 to 1% of BW). Steers were finished on a rotationally grazed, tall fescue pasture for 116 d. Fatty acid composition of LM, s.c. adipose, and diet was determined by GLC. Total linoleic acid intake increased linearly (P 0.05) the percentage of total SFA, MUFA, or PUFA but linearly increased (P = 0.03) n-6:n-3 ratio from 2.4 to 2.9 in none and high, respectively. Among tissues, total SFA and MUFA were greater in s.c. adipose than LM, whereas total PUFA, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and the n-6:n-3 ratio were lower. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid, VA, and CLA trans-10, cis-12 were greater (P 0.05) stearoyl CoA desaturase activity or mRNA expression. Corn Oil supplementation to grazing steers reduced the percentages of highly atherogenic fatty acids (myristic and palmitic acids) and increased the percentages of antiatherogenic and anticarcino-genic fatty acids (VA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA).
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Corn Oil supplementation to steers grazing endophyte free tall fescue i effects on in vivo digestibility performance and carcass traits
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: E Pavan, S K Duckett, John AndraeAbstract:Eighteen Angus steers (438 +/- 4 kg of BW) were supplemented with varying levels of Corn Oil (0 g/kg of BW, none; 0.75 g/kg of BW, MED; or 1.5 g/kg of BW, HI) on rotationally stocked, endophyte-free tall fescue to determine the effect of supplemental Oil level on in vivo digestibility, intake, performance, and carcass traits. Pelleted cottonseed hulls were used as a carrier for the Oil supplements, and all supplements were offered to steers using Calan gate feeders for individual intake determination. On d 49, each steer was dosed with a controlled-release capsule containing chromium sesquioxide, and fecal samples were obtained 12 d later over a 7-d period to estimate fecal output that, with forage, supplement, and fecal indigestible NDF concentration, was used to estimate DMI and in vivo total diet digestibility. Steers were slaughtered at the end of the 116-d grazing period, and carcass data were collected at 24 h postmortem. Total fatty acid intake linearly increased with Corn Oil supplementation, and forage DMI, total DMI, and total DE intake were linearly decreased (P 0.10). Oil supplementation to grazing steers linearly reduced forage DMI intake; however, animal performance was maintained and tended to be greater for Oil-supplemented cattle. Oil supplementation increased carcass fat thickness and weight without altering other carcass quality parameters.
Mohamed Ouaziz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of chemlali extra virgin olive Oil adulteration mixed with soybean Oil Corn Oil and sunflower Oil by using gc and hplc
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Hazem Jabeu, Akram Zribi, Jamel Makni, Ahmed Rebai, Ridha Abdelhedi, Mohamed OuazizAbstract:Fatty acid composition as an indicator of purity suggests that linolenic acid content could be used as a parameter for the detection of extra/virgin olive Oil fraud with 5% of soybean Oil. The adulteration could also be detected by the increase of the trans-fatty acid contents with 3% of soybean Oil, 2% of Corn Oil, and 4% of sunflower Oil. The use of the ΔECN42 proved to be effective in Chemlali extra-virgin olive Oil adulteration even at low levels: 1% of sunflower Oil, 3% of soybean Oil, and 3% of Corn Oil. The sterol profile is almost decisive in clarifying the adulteration of olive Oils with other cheaper ones: 1% of sunflower Oil could be detected by the increase of Δ7-stigmastenol and 4% of Corn Oil by the increase of campesterol. Linear discriminant analysis could represent a powerful tool for faster and cheaper evaluation of extra-virgin olive Oil adulteration.
