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Muraleedharan G. Nair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:Abstract The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (1) , delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (2) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6) , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (4) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins 1 , 2 and 6 in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins 4 and 6 in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 μg/mL, anthocyanins 1 and 2 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. Anthocyanin 1 displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 μg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC50 values for anthocyanin 2 were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 μg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained , and , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins , and in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins and in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins and were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 microg/mL, anthocyanins and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. Anthocyanin displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC(50)) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 microg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC(50) values for anthocyanin were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 microg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
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characterization quantification and bioactivities of anthocyanins in Cornus species
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Navindra P Seeram, Robert E Schutzki, And Amitabh Chandra, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, Cornus controversa, and Cornus kousa (Cornaceae) bear edible fruits that are consumed in parts of Europe and Asia. This study undertook the investigation of the presence and levels of anthocyanins in the fruits of these Cornus species by HPLC. The anthocyanins present in Cornelian cherries, C. mas, are delphinidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (1), cyanidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (2), and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (3). C. officinalis contains only anthocyanins 1-3, similar to C. mas, but in different proportions. However, C. controversa contains anthocyanins 1-3 among other anthocyanins, but Chinese dogwood, C. kousa, did not contain 1-3. The contents of pure anthocyanins 1, 2, and 3 in 1 kg of fresh fruits of C. mas, C. officinalis, and C. controversa were 280, 1079, and 710 ppm; 11, 77, and 230 ppm; and 600, 1000, and 700 ppm, respectively. In cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and -II enzyme inhibitory assays, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 9.2 and 11.7%; 7.6 and 12.4%; and 5.3 and 7.8%, respectively, compared to Naproxen (54.3 and 41.3%; 10 microM), ibuprofen (47.5 and 39.8%; 10 microM), Celebrex (46.2 and 66.3%; 1.67 ppm), and Vioxx (23.8 and 88.1%, 1.67 ppm). In the antioxidant assay, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 70.2, 60.1, and 40.3%, respectively. At 10 microM concentration, commercial synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and vitamin E gave 83.2, 79.7, 82.1, and 10.2% of antioxidant activity, respectively.
Robert E Schutzki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:Abstract The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (1) , delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (2) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6) , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (4) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins 1 , 2 and 6 in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins 4 and 6 in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 μg/mL, anthocyanins 1 and 2 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. Anthocyanin 1 displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 μg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC50 values for anthocyanin 2 were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 μg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained , and , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins , and in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins and in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins and were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 microg/mL, anthocyanins and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. Anthocyanin displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC(50)) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 microg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC(50) values for anthocyanin were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 microg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
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characterization quantification and bioactivities of anthocyanins in Cornus species
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Navindra P Seeram, Robert E Schutzki, And Amitabh Chandra, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, Cornus controversa, and Cornus kousa (Cornaceae) bear edible fruits that are consumed in parts of Europe and Asia. This study undertook the investigation of the presence and levels of anthocyanins in the fruits of these Cornus species by HPLC. The anthocyanins present in Cornelian cherries, C. mas, are delphinidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (1), cyanidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (2), and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (3). C. officinalis contains only anthocyanins 1-3, similar to C. mas, but in different proportions. However, C. controversa contains anthocyanins 1-3 among other anthocyanins, but Chinese dogwood, C. kousa, did not contain 1-3. The contents of pure anthocyanins 1, 2, and 3 in 1 kg of fresh fruits of C. mas, C. officinalis, and C. controversa were 280, 1079, and 710 ppm; 11, 77, and 230 ppm; and 600, 1000, and 700 ppm, respectively. In cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and -II enzyme inhibitory assays, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 9.2 and 11.7%; 7.6 and 12.4%; and 5.3 and 7.8%, respectively, compared to Naproxen (54.3 and 41.3%; 10 microM), ibuprofen (47.5 and 39.8%; 10 microM), Celebrex (46.2 and 66.3%; 1.67 ppm), and Vioxx (23.8 and 88.1%, 1.67 ppm). In the antioxidant assay, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 70.2, 60.1, and 40.3%, respectively. At 10 microM concentration, commercial synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and vitamin E gave 83.2, 79.7, 82.1, and 10.2% of antioxidant activity, respectively.
Shaiju K Vareed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:Abstract The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (1) , delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (2) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6) , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (4) and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins 1 , 2 and 6 in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins 4 and 6 in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 μg/mL, anthocyanins 1 and 2 inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. Anthocyanin 1 displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 μg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC50 values for anthocyanin 2 were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 μg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
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anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia Cornus controversa Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Shaiju K Vareed, Robert E Schutzki, Muntha K Reddy, Muraleedharan G. NairAbstract:The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained , and , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins , and in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins and in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins and were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 microg/mL, anthocyanins and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. Anthocyanin displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC(50)) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 microg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC(50) values for anthocyanin were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 microg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.
Qiuyun Xiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rediscovery of the lost little dogwood Cornus wardiana cornaceae its phylogenetic and morphological distinction and implication in the origin of the arctic sino himalayan disjunction
Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2021Co-Authors: Eric Wahlsteen, Qiuyun Xiang, Wenbin Zhou, Keith RushforthAbstract:The dwarf dogwoods (subgenus Arctocrania) have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica, Cornus canadensis, and Cornus unalaschkensis. A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937, but it had never been formally reported on. Here, we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth & Wahlsteen (sp. nov.). We conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives. We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction. The phylogenetic analysis used sequences of the nrITS and plastid matK and rbcL genes and included all four dwarf dogwoods and 20 other species representing the three other major lineages of Cornus and the outgroup. The morphometric analyses included 60 populations and 102 specimens of dwarf dogwood, representing the entire range of the subgenus. The results showed that C. wardiana diverged first within subgenus Arctocrania in the Miocene, from a wide-spread ancestor. Results from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis also showed that the Myanmar samples are well separated from the others. Taken together, these results suggest that the dwarf dogwood lineage split from the big-bracted dogwoods in Asia or Asia-western North America during the late Paleocene and spread widely to form a Eurasia-North America distribution; the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction was the result of southward migration in the Miocene followed by extinction in the intervening highland areas. (Less)
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fruits of cornelian cherries cornaceae Cornus subg Cornus in the paleocene and eocene of the northern hemisphere
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Steven R Manchester, Xiaoping Xiang, Qiuyun XiangAbstract:Fossil fruits confirm that cornelian cherries (Cornus, subgenus Cornus) were established in the Northern Hemisphere in the Early Tertiary. We describe the oldest known member of the subgenus, Cornus piggae sp. n., on the basis of well‐preserved silicified endocarps from the late Paleocene of North Dakota. The endocarps are ellipsoidal, thin walled, and two to three locular, and they lack an axial longitudinal bundle. The septa and external walls of the fruit stone are riddled with cavities, a feature diagnostic of extant subgenus Cornus. For comparison, we sectioned fruits of each of the extant species and reexamined fossil fruits from the Early Eocene London Clay of southern England. These London Clay fossils differ from C. piggae by much thicker external walls (Cornus ettingshausenii [Gardner] Eyde) and higher locule number (up to 6 in Cornus multilocularis [Gardner] Eyde). Comparison with fruits of extant cornelian cherries indicates that the morphological range among the modern species is narrower tha...
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Cornus eydeana cornaceae a new cornelian cherry from china notes on systematics and evolution
Systematic Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Qiuyun Xiang, Yumin Shui, Zack E MurrellAbstract:Cornus eydeana Q. Y. Xiang & Y. M. Shui, a new species of cornelian cherry Cornus subg. Cornus, is described from southeastern Yunnan, China. The new species resembles other cornelian cherries in having umbellate inflorescences subtended by two pairs of scale-like bracts and fruit with cavity-filled stones. However, it differs from them by the following combination of characters: evergreen habit, leathery leaves with three or four secondary veins, and densely flowered, long pedunculate inflorescences with perfect flowers. Morphologically, the species appears most similar to the African species C. volkensii Harms, but pollen morphology and geographic distributions suggest a closer affinity with the Eurasian species. The discovery of this species has significant implications for our understanding of the systematics and evolution of the cornelian cherry group.
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leaves of Cornus cornaceae from the paleocene of north america and asia confirmed by trichome characters
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Steven R Manchester, Qiuyun Xiang, Tatiana M Kodrul, Mikhail A AkhmetievAbstract:The identification of Cornus foliage in the fossil record previously has relied primarily on similarities in venation, particularly the eucamptodromous secondary veins and widely spaced, transversely oriented tertiary veins. These features, while consistent with Cornus, are not by themselves diagnostic for the genus. Double‐armed, acicular trichomes mineralized with calcium carbonate are an additional characteristic feature found in all extant species of the genus. The presence of such trichomes provides a means of confirming leaf impression fossils attributed to Cornus. Reexamination of previously described Cornus leaves from the Paleocene of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains region leads us to reject Cornus nebrascensis Schimper (=Cornus newberryi Hollick) from the genus. Another species, Cornus hyperborea Heer, is provisionally accepted as Cornus based on its venation, although we were unable to confirm the trichomes in the type material from Greenland or in the assigned specimens from North Dakota....
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species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus cornaceae based on molecular and morphological evidence implications for taxonomy and tertiary intercontinental migration
Taxon, 2006Co-Authors: Qiuyun Xiang, Steven R Manchester, Wenheng Zhang, David T Thomas, Zack E MurrellAbstract:DNA sequences were generated for matK and ITS for 68 and 103 samples of Cornus to reconstruct a species level phylogeny of the genus. The results support the monophyly of most subgenera, except subg. Kraniopsis and subg. Cornus. Subgenus Kraniopsis was suggested to exclude C. peruviana from South America and subg. Afrocrania and subg. SinoCornus were nested within subg. Cornus. Four major clades corresponding to groups also recognizable by morphological differences were revealed: the big-bracted dogwoods (BB) including subg. Cynoxylon, subg. Syncarpea, and subg. Discocrania, the dwarf dogwoods (DW) including subg. Arctocrania, the cornelian cherries (CC) including subg. Cornus, subg. SinoCornus, and subg. Afrocrania, and the blue- or white-fruited dogwoods (BW) including subg. Kraniopsis, subg. Mesomora, and subg. Yinquania. This finding is consistent with previous studies with more limited sampling. The single South American species C. peruviana was found to be sister to the Asian C. oblonga of subg. Yinquania, adding a fourth intercontinental disjunction in the genus that was previously unknown. Species relationships within the subgenera were clearly resolved except for the relatively large subg. Syncarpea and subg. Kraniopsis. Phylogenetic analyses of total evidence combining morphology, matK, ITS, and previously published rbcL and 26S rDNA sequences resolved the relationships among subgenera as (BW(CC(BB,DW))). Biogeographic analyses using DIVA with or without fossils resulted in different inferences of biogeographic history of the genus, indicating the importance of fossil data in biogeographic analyses. The phylogeny based on the total evidence tree including fossils supports an origin and early Tertiary diversification of Cornus in Europe and multiple trans-Atlantic migrations between Europe and North America by the early Tertiary. It also supports that distribution of the few species in the southern hemisphere was not ancestral, but a result of migration from the north. This evidence rejects a previous hypothesis of a southern hemispheric origin of the genus.
Matthias F Melzig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of digestive enzymes and antioxidant activity of extracts from fruits of Cornus alba Cornus sanguinea subsp hungarica and Cornus florida a comparative study
Plants (Basel Switzerland), 2020Co-Authors: Joanna Truba, Marta Walasek, Wioleta Wieczorkowska, Konrad Wolinski, Tina Buchholz, Matthias F Melzig, Iwona Stanislawska, Monika E CzerwinskaAbstract:The fruits of some Cornus species (dogwoods) are used in traditional medicine and considered potential anti-diabetic and hypolipemic agents. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of extracts from Cornus alba (CA), Cornus florida (CF), and Cornus sanguinea (CS) to inhibit digestive enzymes namely α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and α-glucosidase, as well as isolation of compounds from plant material with the strongest effect. In addition, the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of extracts from three dogwoods were compared with HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and DPPH scavenging assay, respectively. Among the aqueous-ethanolic extracts, the activity of α-amylase was the most strongly inhibited by the fruit extract of CA (IC50 = 115.20 ± 14.31 μg/mL) and the activity of α-glucosidase by the fruit of CF (IC50 = 38.87 ± 2.65 μg/mL). Some constituents of CA fruit extract, such as coumaroylquinic acid, kaempferol, and hydroxytyrosol derivatives, were isolated. Among the three species of dogwood studied, the greatest biological potential was demonstrated by CA extracts, which are sources of phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds. In contrast, iridoid compounds or flavonoid glycosides found in fruits of CF or CS extracts do not play a significant role in inhibiting digestive enzymes but exert antioxidant activity.
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Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis analogies and differences of two medicinal plants traditionally used
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Monika E Czerwinska, Matthias F MelzigAbstract:Among 65 species belonging to the genus Cornus only two, Cornus mas L. and Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Cornaceae), have been traditionally used since ancient times. Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) is native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, whereas C. officinalis (Asiatic dogwood, cornel dogwood) is a deciduous tree distributed in eastern Asia, mainly in China, as well as Korea and Japan. Based on the different geographic distribution of the closely related species but clearly distinct plants, the ethnopharmacological use of C. mas and C. officinalis seems to be independently originated. Many reports on the quality of C. mas fruits were performed due to their value as edible fruits, and few reports compared their physicochemical properties with other edible fruits. However, the detailed phytochemical profiles of C. mas and C. officinalis, in particular fruits, have never been compared. The aim of this review was highlighting the similarities and differences of phytochemicals found in fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis in relation to their biological effects as well as compare the therapeutic use of fruits from both traditional plants. The fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, in particular iridoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, much more not widely known iridoids, such as morroniside, as well as tannins were detected particularly in fruits of C. officinalis. The referred studies of biological activity of both species indicate their antidiabetic and hepatoprotective properties. Based on the available reports antihyperlipidemic and anticoagulant activity seems to be unique for extracts of C. mas fruits, whereas antiosteoporotic and immunomodulatory activities were assigned to preparations of C. officinalis fruits. In conclusion, the comparison of phytochemical composition of fruits from both species revealed a wide range of similarities as well as some constituents unique for cornelian cherry or Asiatic dogwood. Thus, these phytochemicals are considered the important factor determining the biological activity and justifying the use of C. mas and C. officinalis in the traditional European and Asiatic medicine.
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Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis analogies and differences of two medicinal plants traditionally used
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Monika E Czerwinska, Matthias F MelzigAbstract:Among 65 species belonging to the genus Cornus only two, Cornus mas L. and Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Cornaceae), have been traditionally used since ancient times. Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) is native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, whereas C. officinalis (Asiatic dogwood, cornel dogwood) is a deciduous tree distributed in eastern Asia, mainly in China, as well as Korea and Japan. Based on the different geographic distribution of the closely related species but clearly distinct taxa, the ethnopharmacological use of C. mas and C. officinalis seems to be independently originated. Many reports on the quality of C. mas fruits were performed due to their value as edible fruits, and few reports compared their physicochemical properties with other edible fruits. However, the detailed phytochemical profiles of C. mas and C. officinalis, in particular fruits, have never been compared. The aim of this review was highlighting the similarities and differences of phytochemicals found in fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis in relation to their biological effects as well as compare the therapeutic use of fruits from both traditional species. The fruits of C. mas and C. officinalis are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites, in particular iridoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, much more not widely known iridoids, such as morroniside, as well as tannins were detected particularly in fruits of C. officinalis. The referred studies of biological activity of both species indicate their antidiabetic and hepatoprotective properties. Based on the available reports antihyperlipidemic and anticoagulant activity seems to be unique for extracts of C. mas fruits, whereas antiosteoporotic and immunomodulatory activities were assigned to preparations of C. officinalis fruits. In conclusion, the comparison of phytochemical composition of fruits from both species revealed a wide range of similarities as well as some constituents unique for cornelian cherry or Asiatic dogwood. Thus, these phytochemicals are considered the important factor determining the biological activity and justifying the use of C. mas and C. officinalis in the traditional European and Asiatic medicine.