Coronavirus

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Kwok-yung Yuen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus hku15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5 untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis
    Viruses, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The drastic increase in the number of Coronaviruses discovered and Coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different Coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, AlphaCoronavirus, BetaCoronavirus and GammaCoronavirus, with BetaCoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, DeltaCoronavirus, which includes bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12 and munia Coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related Coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 410 -4 to 210 -2 substitutions per site per year. Recombination in Coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine Coronavirus, between feline Coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine Coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human

  • Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis
    Viruses, 2010
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The drastic increase in the number of Coronaviruses discovered and Coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different Coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, AlphaCoronavirus, BetaCoronavirus and GammaCoronavirus, with BetaCoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, DeltaCoronavirus, which includes bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12 and munia Coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related Coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4×10(-4) to 2×10(-2) substitutions per site per year. Recombination in Coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine Coronavirus, between feline Coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine Coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in Coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in Coronaviruses.

  • Coronavirus Diversity, Phylogeny and Interspecies Jumping
    Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The SARS epidemic has boosted interest in research on Coronavirus biodiversity and genomics. Before 2003, there were only 10 Coronaviruses with complete genomes available. After the SARS epidemic, up to December 2008, there was an addition of 16 Coronaviruses with complete genomes sequenced. These include two human Coronaviruses (human Coronavirus NL63 and human Coronavirus HKU1), 10 other mammalian Coronaviruses [bat SARS Coronavirus, bat Coronavirus (bat-CoV) HKU2, bat-CoV HKU4, bat-CoV HKU5, bat-CoV HKU8, bat-CoV HKU9, bat-CoV 512/2005, bat-CoV 1A, equine Coronavirus, and beluga whale Coronavirus] and four avian Coronaviruses (turkey Coronavirus, bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12, and munia Coronavirus HKU13). Two novel subgroups in group 2 Coronavirus (groups 2c and 2d) and two novel subgroups in group 3 Coronavirus (groups 3b and 3c) have been proposed. The diversity of Coronaviruses is a result of the infidelity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, high frequency of homologous RNA recombination, and the large genomes of Coronaviruses. Among all hosts, the diversity of Coronaviruses is most evidenced in bats and birds, which may be a result of their species diversity, ability to fly, environmental pressures, and habits of roosting and flocking. The present evidence supports that bat Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 1 and 2 Coronaviruses, whereas bird Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 3 Coronaviruses. With the increasing number of Coronaviruses, more and more closely related Coronaviruses from distantly related animals have been observed, which were results of recent interspecies jumping and may be the cause of disastrous outbreaks of zoonotic diseases.

Patrick C Y Woo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus hku15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5 untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis
    Viruses, 2010
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The drastic increase in the number of Coronaviruses discovered and Coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different Coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, AlphaCoronavirus, BetaCoronavirus and GammaCoronavirus, with BetaCoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, DeltaCoronavirus, which includes bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12 and munia Coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related Coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4×10(-4) to 2×10(-2) substitutions per site per year. Recombination in Coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine Coronavirus, between feline Coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine Coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in Coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in Coronaviruses.

  • Coronavirus Diversity, Phylogeny and Interspecies Jumping
    Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The SARS epidemic has boosted interest in research on Coronavirus biodiversity and genomics. Before 2003, there were only 10 Coronaviruses with complete genomes available. After the SARS epidemic, up to December 2008, there was an addition of 16 Coronaviruses with complete genomes sequenced. These include two human Coronaviruses (human Coronavirus NL63 and human Coronavirus HKU1), 10 other mammalian Coronaviruses [bat SARS Coronavirus, bat Coronavirus (bat-CoV) HKU2, bat-CoV HKU4, bat-CoV HKU5, bat-CoV HKU8, bat-CoV HKU9, bat-CoV 512/2005, bat-CoV 1A, equine Coronavirus, and beluga whale Coronavirus] and four avian Coronaviruses (turkey Coronavirus, bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12, and munia Coronavirus HKU13). Two novel subgroups in group 2 Coronavirus (groups 2c and 2d) and two novel subgroups in group 3 Coronavirus (groups 3b and 3c) have been proposed. The diversity of Coronaviruses is a result of the infidelity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, high frequency of homologous RNA recombination, and the large genomes of Coronaviruses. Among all hosts, the diversity of Coronaviruses is most evidenced in bats and birds, which may be a result of their species diversity, ability to fly, environmental pressures, and habits of roosting and flocking. The present evidence supports that bat Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 1 and 2 Coronaviruses, whereas bird Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 3 Coronaviruses. With the increasing number of Coronaviruses, more and more closely related Coronaviruses from distantly related animals have been observed, which were results of recent interspecies jumping and may be the cause of disastrous outbreaks of zoonotic diseases.

Susanna K P Lau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus hku15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5 untranslated region
    Emerging microbes & infections, 2017
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Chi-ching Tsang, Candy C. Y. Lau, Po-chun Wong, Franklin W. N. Chow, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of Coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region

  • Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis
    Viruses, 2010
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The drastic increase in the number of Coronaviruses discovered and Coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. Coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known RNA viruses, with G + C contents varying from 32% to 43%. Variable numbers of small ORFs are present between the various conserved genes (ORF1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstream to nucleocapsid gene in different Coronavirus lineages. Phylogenetically, three genera, AlphaCoronavirus, BetaCoronavirus and GammaCoronavirus, with BetaCoronavirus consisting of subgroups A, B, C and D, exist. A fourth genus, DeltaCoronavirus, which includes bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12 and munia Coronavirus HKU13, is emerging. Molecular clock analysis using various gene loci revealed that the time of most recent common ancestor of human/civet SARS related Coronavirus to be 1999-2002, with estimated substitution rate of 4×10(-4) to 2×10(-2) substitutions per site per year. Recombination in Coronaviruses was most notable between different strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV), between different strains of infectious bronchitis virus, between MHV and bovine Coronavirus, between feline Coronavirus (FCoV) type I and canine Coronavirus generating FCoV type II, and between the three genotypes of human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1). Codon usage bias in Coronaviruses were observed, with HCoV-HKU1 showing the most extreme bias, and cytosine deamination and selection of CpG suppressed clones are the two major independent biological forces that shape such codon usage bias in Coronaviruses.

  • Coronavirus Diversity, Phylogeny and Interspecies Jumping
    Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: Patrick C Y Woo, Susanna K P Lau, Yi Huang, Kwok-yung Yuen
    Abstract:

    The SARS epidemic has boosted interest in research on Coronavirus biodiversity and genomics. Before 2003, there were only 10 Coronaviruses with complete genomes available. After the SARS epidemic, up to December 2008, there was an addition of 16 Coronaviruses with complete genomes sequenced. These include two human Coronaviruses (human Coronavirus NL63 and human Coronavirus HKU1), 10 other mammalian Coronaviruses [bat SARS Coronavirus, bat Coronavirus (bat-CoV) HKU2, bat-CoV HKU4, bat-CoV HKU5, bat-CoV HKU8, bat-CoV HKU9, bat-CoV 512/2005, bat-CoV 1A, equine Coronavirus, and beluga whale Coronavirus] and four avian Coronaviruses (turkey Coronavirus, bulbul Coronavirus HKU11, thrush Coronavirus HKU12, and munia Coronavirus HKU13). Two novel subgroups in group 2 Coronavirus (groups 2c and 2d) and two novel subgroups in group 3 Coronavirus (groups 3b and 3c) have been proposed. The diversity of Coronaviruses is a result of the infidelity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, high frequency of homologous RNA recombination, and the large genomes of Coronaviruses. Among all hosts, the diversity of Coronaviruses is most evidenced in bats and birds, which may be a result of their species diversity, ability to fly, environmental pressures, and habits of roosting and flocking. The present evidence supports that bat Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 1 and 2 Coronaviruses, whereas bird Coronaviruses are the gene pools of group 3 Coronaviruses. With the increasing number of Coronaviruses, more and more closely related Coronaviruses from distantly related animals have been observed, which were results of recent interspecies jumping and may be the cause of disastrous outbreaks of zoonotic diseases.

Rupesh Agrawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Eriko Padron-regalado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains
    Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eriko Padron-regalado
    Abstract:

    The emergence of the strain of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. SARS-CoV-2 now adds to the list of Coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) Coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. As of April 2020, no vaccine is commercially available for these Coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from the vaccine development efforts for MERS and SARS can be of high value for COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). Here, we review the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant Coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19. In addition, information from naturally exposed individuals and animal models to Coronavirus strains is described for the same purpose of helping into the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19.

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