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M.v. Benavides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic parameters of wool colour and skin traits in Corriedale Sheep
    2015
    Co-Authors: M.v. Benavides, P. Maher, Embrapa Pecuária Sul
    Abstract:

    Clean wool colour (CWC) is an important wool price determinant and has been related to suint characteristics, i.e. sudoriparous and sebaceous gland secretions, such as suint percentage and suint K content. In this work heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among wool colour and skin traits were examined. The genetic estimates were assessed by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures using average information algorithm (AIREML) in a Corriedale flock. The traits analysed were wool colour traits (CWC), yellow predictive colour (YPC), and Visual Score; suint traits such as suint percentage and potassium and sodium concentrations in suint, and physiological traits such as potassium and sodium concentrations in the skin, including plasma and red blood cells. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic and genetic correlations between wool colour and skin traits, and to find the suitability of these traits as indirect selection criteria for clean wool colour. Suint traits were highly genetically correlated to YPC. Suint K, but not suint percentage, was found to have a high genetic correlation with CWC. Skin K, Visual Score, YPC and suint K were amongst the best indirect selection criteria for clean wool colour. However, selection using these traits was expected to reduce CWC from 52 % to 49 % of that estimated under direct selection. Key words: wool yellowing, indirect selection criteria, Sheep

  • Galectins and collectinis expression are increased in Haemonchus contortus-infected Corriedale Sheep
    Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia , 2015
    Co-Authors: Bárbara Maria Paraná Da Silva Souza, M.v. Benavides, Sabrina Mota Lambert, Sandra Mayumi Nishi, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne, C. R. Madruga, Maria Angela Ornelas De Almeida
    Abstract:

    Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in Sheep. Twelve Corriedale Sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all Sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.

  • Galectins and collectinis expression are increased in Haemonchus contortus-infected Corriedale Sheep Aumento da expressão gênica de colectinas e galectinas em ovinos Corriedale infectados por Haemonchus contortus
    2015
    Co-Authors: Bárbara Maria, M.v. Benavides, Sabrina Mota Lambert, Sandra Mayumi Nishi, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne, Paraná Da Silva Souza, Claudio Roberto, Maria Angela, Ornelas De Almeida
    Abstract:

    Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in Sheep. Twelve Corriedale Sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all Sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.

  • Genetic parameters of wool colour and skin traits in Corriedale Sheep.
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2003
    Co-Authors: M.v. Benavides, P. Maher
    Abstract:

    Clean wool colour (CWC) is an important wool price determinant and has been related to suint characteristics, i.e. sudoriparous and sebaceous gland secretions, such as suint percentage and suint K content. In this work heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among wool colour and skin traits were examined. The genetic estimates were assessed by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedures using average information algorithm (AIREML) in a Corriedale flock. The traits analysed were wool colour traits (CWC), yellow predictive colour (YPC), and Visual Score; suint traits such as suint percentage and potassium and sodium concentrations in suint, and physiological traits such as potassium and sodium concentrations in the skin, including plasma and red blood cells. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic and genetic correlations between wool colour and skin traits, and to find the suitability of these traits as indirect selection criteria for clean wool colour. Suint traits were highly genetically correlated to YPC. Suint K, but not suint percentage, was found to have a high genetic correlation with CWC. Skin K, Visual Score, YPC and suint K were amongst the best indirect selection criteria for clean wool colour. However, selection using these traits was expected to reduce CWC from 52% to 49% of that estimated under direct selection

  • Indirect selection criteria against clean wool colour in Corriedale Sheep and their effects on wool production traits
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2002
    Co-Authors: M.v. Benavides, A.p. Maher
    Abstract:

    The potential of greasy wool colour subjective assessment Visual Colour Score (VCS) and the yellow predictive test (YPC) as indirect selection criteria for reduction of clean wool colour (CWC) in Corriedale Sheep was examined. The heritability of these wool colour traits and the wool production traits, greasy (GFW) and clean fleece weights (CFW), and mean fibre diameter (MFD) and the phenotypic and genetic correlations among these traits were estimated from a Corriedale flock using AIREML procedures. A high genetic correlation between YPC and CWC was observed, indicating that YPC could be a suitable indirect selection criterium for CWC. However, direct selection against CWC was predicted to produce faster genetic improvements in CWC than that expected under indirect selection via YPC. Single trait selection based on VCS or YPC were expected to reduce the response in CWC to 51% and 49% of that estimated for direct selection. The positive genetic correlations of CWC, YPC and VCS with CFW and MFD would cause a reduction in both MFD and CFW to result from selection that reduces wool colour. The results showed that the most effective way to genetically improve CWC was through indirect selection to reduce MFD, CFW or GFW, followed by direct selection, but the premiums for CWC in the Corriedale breed may not be sufficient to justify the expected losses in CFW.

Fernando Ryuiti Minomo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hugo Naya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic parameters of objectionable fibers and of their associations with fleece traits in Corriedale Sheep.
    Journal of animal science, 2016
    Co-Authors: A. L. Sánchez, Francisco Peñagaricano, J.i. Urioste, Hugo Naya, K. Neimaur, I. Sienra, R. Kremer
    Abstract:

    The aim of this research was to assess the variability and genetic relationships among binary traits denoting the presence or absence of objectionable fibers, namely pigmented (BINPPF), medullated (BINPMED), and kemp fibers (BINPK), and of fleece traits (fiber diameter [FD] and clean fleece weight [CFW]) in Corriedale Sheep. Additionally, the total response to selection against objectionable fibers and indirect responses when selecting for fleece traits were evaluated. Fiber records from 679 animals and fleece records from 795 animals obtained from 2 experimental flocks (from 2005 to 2007) were used; the pedigree file included a total of 3,792 animals. Heritability and genetic correlations among the traits were estimated with a multivariate animal model under a Bayesian setting. Heritability estimates (posterior SD) for BINPPF, BINPMED, and BINPK were 0.35 (0.08), 0.37 (0.10), and 0.63 (0.09), respectively; for CFW and FD, estimates were 0.42 (0.09) and 0.43 (0.08), respectively. The genetic correlations between CFW and the 3 types of objectionable fibers were very low (i.e.,

  • genetic parameters of objectionable fibers and of their associations with fleece traits in Corriedale Sheep
    Journal of Animal Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: A. L. Sánchez, Francisco Peñagaricano, J.i. Urioste, Hugo Naya, K. Neimaur, I. Sienra, R. Kremer
    Abstract:

    The aim of this research was to assess the variability and genetic relationships among binary traits denoting the presence or absence of objectionable fibers, namely pigmented (BINPPF), medullated (BINPMED), and kemp fibers (BINPK), and of fleece traits (fiber diameter [FD] and clean fleece weight [CFW]) in Corriedale Sheep. Additionally, the total response to selection against objectionable fibers and indirect responses when selecting for fleece traits were evaluated. Fiber records from 679 animals and fleece records from 795 animals obtained from 2 experimental flocks (from 2005 to 2007) were used; the pedigree file included a total of 3,792 animals. Heritability and genetic correlations among the traits were estimated with a multivariate animal model under a Bayesian setting. Heritability estimates (posterior SD) for BINPPF, BINPMED, and BINPK were 0.35 (0.08), 0.37 (0.10), and 0.63 (0.09), respectively; for CFW and FD, estimates were 0.42 (0.09) and 0.43 (0.08), respectively. The genetic correlations between CFW and the 3 types of objectionable fibers were very low (i.e., <0.2). Thus selection for CFW is not expected to affect the number of such fibers in any direction. The same occurred for the genetic correlation between BINPK and FD. Genetic correlations between FD and BINPMED and FD and BINPPF were positive and favorable (0.50 and 0.56, respectively). Selecting for lower FD would decrease the numbers of objectionable fibers. The expected correlated responses in BINPPF, BINPMED, and BINPK when selecting for CFW were -0.03 (0.11), 0.03 (0.11), and -0.05 (0.18), respectively; when selecting for FD, the correlated responses were -0.26 (0.11), -0.26 (0.11), and -0.14 (0.16). Overall, this study reports novel information on genetic parameters for the presence of objectionable fibers and their associations with fleece traits in Sheep. Our findings suggest that it could be possible to improve FD while at the same time reducing the content of BINPMED and BINPPF in wool; however, improvements in CFW are likely to have no effect on the numbers of objectionable fibers.

  • Gene expression analysis identifies new candidate genes associated with the development of black skin spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Journal of Applied Genetics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Francisco Peñagaricano, Hugo Naya, Pilar Zorrilla, Carlos Robello, Jorge I. Urioste
    Abstract:

    The white coat colour of Sheep is an important economic trait. For unknown reasons, some animals are born with, and others develop with time, black skin spots that can also produce pigmented fibres. The presence of pigmented fibres in the white wool significantly decreases the fibre quality. The aim of this work was to study gene expression in black spots (with and without pigmented fibres) and white skin by microarray techniques, in order to identify the possible genes involved in the development of this trait. Five unrelated Corriedale Sheep were used and, for each animal, the three possible comparisons (three different hybridisations) between the three samples of interest were performed. Differential gene expression patterns were analysed using different t -test approaches. Most of the major genes with well-known roles in skin pigmentation, e.g. ASIP , MC1R and C-KIT , showed no significant difference in the gene expression between white skin and black spots. On the other hand, many of the differentially expressed genes (raw P -value 

  • gene expression analysis identifies new candidate genes associated with the development of black skin spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Journal of Applied Genetics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Francisco Peñagaricano, Hugo Naya, Pilar Zorrilla, Carlos Robello, J.i. Urioste
    Abstract:

    The white coat colour of Sheep is an important economic trait. For unknown reasons, some animals are born with, and others develop with time, black skin spots that can also produce pigmented fibres. The presence of pigmented fibres in the white wool significantly decreases the fibre quality. The aim of this work was to study gene expression in black spots (with and without pigmented fibres) and white skin by microarray techniques, in order to identify the possible genes involved in the development of this trait. Five unrelated Corriedale Sheep were used and, for each animal, the three possible comparisons (three different hybridisations) between the three samples of interest were performed. Differential gene expression patterns were analysed using different t-test approaches. Most of the major genes with well-known roles in skin pigmentation, e.g. ASIP, MC1R and C-KIT, showed no significant difference in the gene expression between white skin and black spots. On the other hand, many of the differentially expressed genes (raw P-value < 0.005) detected in this study, e.g. C-FOS, KLF4 and UFC1, fulfil biological functions that are plausible to be involved in the formation of black spots. The gene expression of C-FOS and KLF4, transcription factors involved in the cellular response to external factors such as ultraviolet light, was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This exploratory study provides a list of candidate genes that could be associated with the development of black skin spots that should be studied in more detail. Characterisation of these genes will enable us to discern the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of this feature and, hence, increase our understanding of melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation. In Sheep, understanding this phenomenon is a first step towards developing molecular tools to assist in the selection against the presence of pigmented fibres in white wool.

  • Assessment of Poisson, Probit and linear models for genetic analysis of presence and number of black spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie, 2010
    Co-Authors: Francisco Peñagaricano, J.i. Urioste, Hugo Naya, G. De Los Campos, Daniel Gianola
    Abstract:

    Summary Black skin spots are associated with pigmented fibres in wool, an important quality fault. Our objective was to assess alternative models for genetic analysis of presence (BINBS) and number (NUMBS) of black spots in Corriedale Sheep. During 2002–08, 5624 records from 2839 animals in two flocks, aged 1 through 6 years, were taken at shearing. Four models were considered: linear and probit for BINBS and linear and Poisson for NUMBS. All models included flock-year and age as fixed effects and animal and permanent environmental as random effects. Models were fitted to the whole data set and were also compared based on their predictive ability in cross-validation. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.154 to 0.230 for BINBS and 0.269 to 0.474 for NUMBS. For BINBS, the probit model fitted slightly better to the data than the linear model. Predictions of random effects from these models were highly correlated, and both models exhibited similar predictive ability. For NUMBS, the Poisson model, with a residual term to account for overdispersion, performed better than the linear model in goodness of fit and predictive ability. Predictions of random effects from the Poisson model were more strongly correlated with those from BINBS models than those from the linear model. Overall, the use of probit or linear models for BINBS and of a Poisson model with a residual for NUMBS seems a reasonable choice for genetic selection purposes in Corriedale Sheep.

Irwin M Arias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Defective biliary excretion of epinephrine metabolites in mutant (TR-) rats: relation to the pathogenesis of black liver in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Corriedale Sheep with an analogous excretory defect.
    Hepatology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Tsuneo Kitamura, Joseph Alroy, Takashi Mikami, Masayasu Inoue, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Peter L. M. Jansen, Irwin M Arias
    Abstract:

    Dubin-Johnson patients, mutant Corriedale Sheep and TR− and EHBR mutant rats have recessively inherited defective bile canalicular secretion of many nonbile acid organic anions. The human and ovine mutants have black livers and lysosomal pigment accumulation. The livers in TR− and EHBR mutant rats are not black, and sparse lysosomal pigment accumulation is seen. Previously, we postulated that the unidentified pigment in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome results from the accumulation of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolites, such as metanephrine, which are normally secreted in bile as organic anions. We tested this hypothesis in TR− rats. H-epinephrine was injected intravenously; control rats secreted 2.80% ± 0.52% of the injected dose in bile as compared with 0.19% ± 0.07% in TR− rats. From 82% to 90% of biliary radioactivity was due to polar conjugates in control rats and mutant rats. TR− rats retained more of the injected dose in the liver, particularly in lysosomes, and secreted more in urine than did control rats. After feeding control and TR− rats for 4 mo with a rat chow diet supplemented with 4% tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, the liver did not become grossly black; however, histological and electron microscopic study revealed dense lysosomal pigment accumulation in TR− rats. Intraportal injection of metanephrine resulted in the appearance of black liver in TR− rats that persisted for at least 2 hr and was not associated with pigment accumulation by light or electron microscopic examination. After mating TR− males with EHBR females, all 38 offspring had bilirubinuria, which indicates that TR− and EHBR are allelic mutants. We propose that defective canalicular secretion of anionic metabolites may be responsible for the black lysosomal pigment that accumulates in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome, mutant Corriedale Sheep and in TR− rats that were fed a diet enriched in aromatic amino acids. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:1154–1159).

  • Defective biliary excretion of epinephrine metabolites in mutant (TR-) rats: relation to the pathogenesis of black liver in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Corriedale Sheep with an analogous excretory defect.
    Hepatology (Baltimore Md.), 1992
    Co-Authors: Tsuneo Kitamura, Joseph Alroy, Takashi Mikami, Masayasu Inoue, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Peter L. M. Jansen, Irwin M Arias
    Abstract:

    Dubin-Johnson patients, mutant Corriedale Sheep and TR- and EHBR mutant rats have recessively inherited defective bile canalicular secretion of many nonbile acid organic anions. The human and ovine mutants have black livers and lysosomal pigment accumulation. The livers in TR- and EHBR mutant rats are not black, and sparse lysosomal pigment accumulation is seen. Previously, we postulated that the unidentified pigment in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome results from the accumulation of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolites, such as metanephrine, which are normally secreted in bile as organic anions. We tested this hypothesis in TR- rats. 3H-epinephrine was injected intravenously; control rats secreted 2.80% +/- 0.52% of the injected dose in bile as compared with 0.19% +/- 0.07% in TR- rats. From 82% to 90% of biliary radioactivity was due to polar conjugates in control rats and mutant rats. TR- rats retained more of the injected dose in the liver, particularly in lysosomes, and secreted more in urine than did control rats. After feeding control and TR- rats for 4 mo with a rat chow diet supplemented with 4% tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, the liver did not become grossly black; however, histological and electron microscopic study revealed dense lysosomal pigment accumulation in TR- rats. Intraportal injection of metanephrine resulted in the appearance of black liver in TR- rats that persisted for at least 2 hr and was not associated with pigment accumulation by light or electron microscopic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Daniel Gianola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Assessment of Poisson, Probit and linear models for genetic analysis of presence and number of black spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie, 2010
    Co-Authors: Francisco Peñagaricano, J.i. Urioste, Hugo Naya, G. De Los Campos, Daniel Gianola
    Abstract:

    Summary Black skin spots are associated with pigmented fibres in wool, an important quality fault. Our objective was to assess alternative models for genetic analysis of presence (BINBS) and number (NUMBS) of black spots in Corriedale Sheep. During 2002–08, 5624 records from 2839 animals in two flocks, aged 1 through 6 years, were taken at shearing. Four models were considered: linear and probit for BINBS and linear and Poisson for NUMBS. All models included flock-year and age as fixed effects and animal and permanent environmental as random effects. Models were fitted to the whole data set and were also compared based on their predictive ability in cross-validation. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.154 to 0.230 for BINBS and 0.269 to 0.474 for NUMBS. For BINBS, the probit model fitted slightly better to the data than the linear model. Predictions of random effects from these models were highly correlated, and both models exhibited similar predictive ability. For NUMBS, the Poisson model, with a residual term to account for overdispersion, performed better than the linear model in goodness of fit and predictive ability. Predictions of random effects from the Poisson model were more strongly correlated with those from BINBS models than those from the linear model. Overall, the use of probit or linear models for BINBS and of a Poisson model with a residual for NUMBS seems a reasonable choice for genetic selection purposes in Corriedale Sheep.

  • A comparison between Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson regression models with an application to number of black spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Genetics Selection Evolution, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hugo Naya, Jorge I. Urioste, Yu-mei Chang, Mariana Rodrigues-motta, Roberto Kremer, Daniel Gianola
    Abstract:

    Dark spots in the fleece area are often associated with dark fibres in wool, which limits its competitiveness with other textile fibres. Field data from a Sheep experiment in Uruguay revealed an excess number of zeros for dark spots. We compared the performance of four Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models under four simulation scenarios. All models performed reasonably well under the same scenario for which the data were simulated. The deviance information criterion favoured a Poisson model with residual, while the ZIP model with a residual gave estimates closer to their true values under all simulation scenarios. Both Poisson and ZIP models with an error term at the regression level performed better than their counterparts without such an error. Field data from Corriedale Sheep were analysed with Poisson and ZIP models with residuals. Parameter estimates were similar for both models. Although the posterior distribution of the sire variance was skewed due to a small number of rams in the dataset, the median of this variance suggested a scope for genetic selection. The main environmental factor was the age of the Sheep at shearing. In summary, age related processes seem to drive the number of dark spots in this breed of Sheep.

  • A comparison between Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson regression models with an application to number of black spots in Corriedale Sheep
    Genetics Selection Evolution, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hugo Naya, Jorge I. Urioste, Yu-mei Chang, Mariana Rodrigues-motta, Roberto Kremer, Daniel Gianola
    Abstract:

    International audienceDark spots in the fleece area are often associated with dark fibres in wool, which limits its competitiveness with other textile fibres. Field data from a Sheep experiment in Uruguay revealed an excess number of zeros for dark spots. We compared the performance of four Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) models under four simulation scenarios. All models performed reasonably well under the same scenario for which the data were simulated. The deviance information criterion favoured a Poisson model with residual, while the ZIP model with a residual gave estimates closer to their true values under all simulation scenarios. Both Poisson and ZIP models with an error term at the regression level performed better than their counterparts without such an error. Field data from Corriedale Sheep were analysed with Poisson and ZIP models with residuals. Parameter estimates were similar for both models. Although the posterior distribution of the sire variance was skewed due to a small number of rams in the dataset, the median of this variance suggested a scope for genetic selection. The main environmental factor was the age of the Sheep at shearing. In summary, age related processes seem to drive the number of dark spots in this breed of Sheep

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