The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tony M Korman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corynebacterium kutscheri infection of skin and soft tissue following rat bite
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Natasha E Holmes, Tony M KormanAbstract:Corynebacterium kutscheri is a common bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of healthy mice and rats. We report the first well-documented case of C. kutscheri human infection which followed a rat bite. The microorganism was identified by conventional biochemical tests and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Yangkyu Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid identification of klebsiella pneumoniae Corynebacterium kutscheri and streptococcus pneumoniae using triplex polymerase chain reaction in rodents
Experimental Animals, 2013Co-Authors: Euisuk Jeong, Kyoungsun Lee, Seungho Heo, Jinhee Seo, Yangkyu ChoiAbstract:Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutscheri, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are important pathogens that cause respiratory infections in laboratory rodents. In this study, we used species-specific triplex PCR analysis to directly detect three common bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory diseases. Specific targets were amplified with conventional PCR using the tyrB gene from K. pneumoniae, gyrB gene from C. kutscheri, and ply gene from S. pneumoniae. Our primers were tested against purified DNA from another eleven murine bacteria to determine primer specificity. Under optimal PCR conditions, the triplex assay simultaneously yielded a 931 bp product from K. pneumoniae, a 540 bp product from C. kutscheri, and a 354 bp product from S. pneumoniae. The triplex assay detection thresholds for pure cultures were 10 pg for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae, and 100 pg for C. kutscheri. All three bacteria were successfully identified in the trachea and lung of experimentally infected mice at the same time. Our triplex PCR method can be used as a useful method for detecting pathogenic bacterial infections in laboratory rodents.
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modulation of immune response by interleukin 10 in systemic Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in mice
Journal of Microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Euisuk Jeong, Kyoungsun Lee, Seungho Heo, Jinhee Seo, Yangkyu ChoiAbstract:Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that modulates sepsis by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and chemokine expression. In this study, IL-10-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were infected with Corynebacterium kutscheri to determine if the absence of IL-10 altered the protective immunity and pathogenesis. After infection, IL-10 knockout (KO) mice had a higher survival rate than WT mice. The decrease of body weight and the increased weight of organs such as liver and spleen were greater in WT mice. Bacterial counts were significantly increased after inoculation in WT mice over those in IL-10 KO mice. WT mice had more granulomatous inflammation and coagulative necrosis in the liver and spleen, lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid follicles, and apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen. WT mice had significantly higher plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Furthermore, more upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-4 in the plasma, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interferon-inducible protein 10 mRNA in the spleen were observed in WT mice after inoculation. These results suggest that the lack of IL-10 contributes to an increase in the systemic clearance of C. kutscheri, and that IL-10 plays a detrimental role in controlling systemic C. kutscheri infection.
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role of il 10 deficiency in pneumonia induced by Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: Euisuk Jeong, Youngsuk Won, Hyoungchin Kim, Myunghawn Cho, Yangkyu ChoiAbstract:IL-10 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine that can inhibit the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both human and animal studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in pneumonia and other inflammatory lung diseases. In the present study, IL-10 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were infected with Corynebacterium kutscheri to determine whether the severity of pathogenesis and whether protective immunity could be altered in the absence of IL- 10. The survival rate was significantly lower in IL-10 KO mice than wild-type mice. The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood were found to be higher in IL-10 KO mice than wild-type mice. IL-10 KO mice showed greater neutrophil infiltration, excessive inflammation, and weight-loss compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, upregulation of IFN-gamma in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and upregulation of MIP-1alpha and IP-10 mRNA in the lungs of IL-10 KO mice compared with wild-type mice after C. kutscheri infection were observed. These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory properties against C. kutscheri infection, and that lack of IL-10 leads to a more severe pulmonary inflammatory response. This increased susceptibility to C. kutscheri pneumonia is at least in part caused by IL-10 deficiency and severe recruitment of neutrophils.
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upregulation of galectin 3 by Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in the rat lung
Experimental Animals, 2007Co-Authors: Youngsuk Won, Euisuk Jeong, Hyoungchin Kim, Hyun Ji Park, Chulho Lee, Kihoan Nam, Jongim Park, Yangkyu ChoiAbstract:Corynebacterium (C) kutscheri and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with a hemisected spinal cord. Grossly, gray-white bulging foci and abscesses were distributed throughout the parenchyma of the lung. Pathologically, severe necrotizing lobar pneumonia with abscesses and fibrinous pleuritis were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis found accumulation of galectin-3 in alveolar macrophages and the alveolar interstitial region. No other viral or bacterial pathogens were detected in these animals. In addition, similar pathogenic changes and accumulation of galectin-3 were observed in the lungs of SD rats experimentally infected with C. kutscheri. Using northern blot analysis, the relative galectin-3 and GAPDH mRNA levels were 4.6 to 9.3 times higher in C. kutscheri-infected lung than in uninfected controls. These results demonstrate that a single C. kutscheri infection can induce the upregulation of galectin-3 in the lung and that this molecule may have an important pathogenic role in C. kutscheri infections in rats.
Eiji Kita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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murine tumorlytic factor immunologically distinct from tumor necrosis factor α and β induced in the serum of mice treated with a t cell mitogen of Corynebacterium kutscheri
Immunology Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Eiji Kita, Norio Matsui, Masayoshi Sawaki, Keiichi Mikasa, N KatsuiAbstract:Abstract Murine tumorlytic factor (TF), immunologically distinct from murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and -β, was purified to a homogeneity from the serum of mice injected with a T-cell mitogen of Corynebacterium kutscheri . The treated mouse serum was purified by Lentil lectin-Sepharose chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and high-pressure liquid chromatography to the specific activity of 1.5 × 10 6 U/mg protein. TF was 42 kDa in its oligomeric form and 14 kDa in its monomeric form. TF activity was not impaired with hamster monoclonal antibody (mAb) to recombinant murine TNF-α and -β and, reciprocally, rabbit antibody to TF neutralized the bioactivity of neither murine TNF-α nor -β. TF was not precipitated with the mAb to murine TNF-α and -β in Western blot analysis. The partial amino acid sequence of TF was at most 33% homologous to the 46–63 sequence of mouse TNF-β. Thus, these results suggest that TF might be a novel tumorlytic factor which is immunologically distinct from mouse TNF-α and -β.
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nonspecific stimulation of host defense by Corynebacterium kutscheri iii enhanced cytokine induction by the active moiety of c kutscheri
Natural Immunity, 1992Co-Authors: Eiji Kita, D Oku, N Katsui, N Kamikaidou, A Nakano, S KashibaAbstract:The present study was carried out to ascertain whether the active component of Corynebacterium kutscheri (CK-M) could stimulate host cells of mice to produce several cytokines. CK-M stimulated thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml, and it also induced IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as well as IL-6 production by splenocytes. Maximum production of each cytokine induced by CK-M was obtained at the following doses: IL-1 at 5 ng/ml, TNF-alpha at 50 ng/ml, IL-2 at 1 microgram/ml, IL-6 at 500 ng/ml and IFN-gamma at 750 ng/ml. In contrast, IL-4 was not produced to a significant extent by CK-M-stimulated splenocytes. Furthermore, when mice were intravenously injected with 20 micrograms of CK-M, IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, upon stimulation with either formalin-killed C. kutscheri or mitogens, was significantly higher on day 10 of treatment than on day 2. Additionally, the cytotoxicity to L929 cells of this serum from CK-M-treated mice increased with time, and the activity in the serum of day 10 was not abrogated by the antibody to TNF-alpha. Data obtained here indicate that CK-M may preferentially stimulate type-1 helper T cells to produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and that the enhanced cytokine production could contribute to the nonspecific resistance induced by C. kutscheri.
N Katsui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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murine tumorlytic factor immunologically distinct from tumor necrosis factor α and β induced in the serum of mice treated with a t cell mitogen of Corynebacterium kutscheri
Immunology Letters, 1995Co-Authors: Eiji Kita, Norio Matsui, Masayoshi Sawaki, Keiichi Mikasa, N KatsuiAbstract:Abstract Murine tumorlytic factor (TF), immunologically distinct from murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and -β, was purified to a homogeneity from the serum of mice injected with a T-cell mitogen of Corynebacterium kutscheri . The treated mouse serum was purified by Lentil lectin-Sepharose chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and high-pressure liquid chromatography to the specific activity of 1.5 × 10 6 U/mg protein. TF was 42 kDa in its oligomeric form and 14 kDa in its monomeric form. TF activity was not impaired with hamster monoclonal antibody (mAb) to recombinant murine TNF-α and -β and, reciprocally, rabbit antibody to TF neutralized the bioactivity of neither murine TNF-α nor -β. TF was not precipitated with the mAb to murine TNF-α and -β in Western blot analysis. The partial amino acid sequence of TF was at most 33% homologous to the 46–63 sequence of mouse TNF-β. Thus, these results suggest that TF might be a novel tumorlytic factor which is immunologically distinct from mouse TNF-α and -β.
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nonspecific stimulation of host defense by Corynebacterium kutscheri iii enhanced cytokine induction by the active moiety of c kutscheri
Natural Immunity, 1992Co-Authors: Eiji Kita, D Oku, N Katsui, N Kamikaidou, A Nakano, S KashibaAbstract:The present study was carried out to ascertain whether the active component of Corynebacterium kutscheri (CK-M) could stimulate host cells of mice to produce several cytokines. CK-M stimulated thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml, and it also induced IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as well as IL-6 production by splenocytes. Maximum production of each cytokine induced by CK-M was obtained at the following doses: IL-1 at 5 ng/ml, TNF-alpha at 50 ng/ml, IL-2 at 1 microgram/ml, IL-6 at 500 ng/ml and IFN-gamma at 750 ng/ml. In contrast, IL-4 was not produced to a significant extent by CK-M-stimulated splenocytes. Furthermore, when mice were intravenously injected with 20 micrograms of CK-M, IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, upon stimulation with either formalin-killed C. kutscheri or mitogens, was significantly higher on day 10 of treatment than on day 2. Additionally, the cytotoxicity to L929 cells of this serum from CK-M-treated mice increased with time, and the activity in the serum of day 10 was not abrogated by the antibody to TNF-alpha. Data obtained here indicate that CK-M may preferentially stimulate type-1 helper T cells to produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and that the enhanced cytokine production could contribute to the nonspecific resistance induced by C. kutscheri.
Takuo Sawada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of Corynebacterium kutscheri in the faeces of subclinically infected mice
Laboratory Animals, 2008Co-Authors: H Amao, Y Komukai, N Moriguchi, H Kawasumi, Kazuaki W Takahashi, Takuo SawadaAbstract:Mice were infected experimentally and subclinically with Corynebacterium kutscheri to recover the organism from mice faeces. The faeces were then cultured using selective furazolidone-nalidixic acid-colimycin agar. The number of C. kutscheri per gram of fresh faeces varied from mouse to mouse, but once established in the intestine, the organism was excreted in the faeces for at least five months. Viable bacteria were detected in most of the faecal samples, including those stored in the animal room for five days. The number of organisms in the stored faeces decreased gradually but did not differ significantly from those in the fresh faeces until they had been stored for more than three days. Many infected mice excreted between 104.77 and 105.37 colony forming units (CFU) of C. kutscheri per day in their faeces, and one mouse even excreted 103.74 CFU at eight weeks postinfection. These values showed little daily variation. Our present study showed that subclinically infected mice discharged the organism con...
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detection of Corynebacterium kutscheri from the oral cavity of rats
Experimental Animals, 2002Co-Authors: Hiromi Amao, T Akimoto, Takuo Sawada, Yumi Komukai, Manabu Saito, Kazuaki TakahashiAbstract:A simple and useful method for the detection of C. kutscheri from the oral cavity of living rats was devised. In 10 sacrificed rats from two naturally and subclinically infected conventional colonies, 104.28 or 103.84 CFU/ml C. kutscheri were isolated from upper incisor swab extractions, while 101.38 or 101.58 and <10 or 101.56 CFU/ml from the upper soft palate and pharynx, respectively. In another survey with 26 living animals, which were reared on the same rack, organisms were detected from the upper incisor and gingival swabs in 15 of 26 rats (57.7%). The results were reproducible at a second survey 10 days later. No organisms were isolated from any sites of the orally negative rats. These results indicated that culture of swab specimens from the upper incisors and gingivae of incisors is useful for the detection of C. kutscheri infection in living rats.
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sex differences in susceptibility of icr mice to oral infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri
Experimental Animals, 1999Co-Authors: Yumi Komukai, Takuo Sawada, Hiromi Amao, Manabu Saito, Natsuki Goto, Yoshihiro Kusajima, Kazuaki TakahashiAbstract:Sex difference in susceptibility to oral infection with Corynebacterium (C.) kutscheri was experimentally studied in ICR mice. Immature (4-week-old) and adult (14-week-old) mice were inoculated with two infecting doses of C. kutscheri, and necropsied for bacteriological and serological survey 4 weeks after the bacterial infection. No macroscopic lesions at necropsy were demonstrated, except for one adult male given 10(9) bacteria. In immature mice, C. kutscheri isolated from the oral cavity and cecum with FNC agar, were recovered in only 40.0% of female mice but in 90.0% of male mice given 10(6) bacteria (p < 0.05), and in only 55.6% of female mice but in 80.0% male mice given 10(8) bacteria. In adult mice given 10(9) bacteria, the organism were recovered in only 45.5% of female mice but in 90.9% of male mice (p < 0.05), furthermore, the mean number of organisms in the cecum of male mice harboring the organism was significantly higher than that in females (p < 0.01). Castration caused an increase in host resistance in adult male mice. These results indicated that ICR male mice were more susceptible than females, in terms of bacterial colonization in the cecum and the oral cavity, to oral infection with C. kutscheri.
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pathogenicity of Corynebacterium kutscheri in the syrian hamster
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 1995Co-Authors: Hiromi Amao, Takuo Sawada, Tougaku Kanamoto, Yumi Komukai, Kazuaki Takahashi, Manabu Saito, Masahiro SugiyamaAbstract:The pathogenicity of Corynebacterium kutscheri isolated for the first time from Syrian hamster was experimentally studied in hamsters. In hamsters given intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation with 10 or 10(3) bacteria, neither clinical signs nor gross lesions were found. In those given 10(5) bacteria i.m., moderate proliferation of granulation tissue was found in the muscle of the inoculation region at necropsy. In the animals given 10(5) bacteria s.c., a nodular lesion was observed at the inoculation site 2 days post-inoculation (p.i.), but the nodules subsided gradually from 6 days p.i. and were unclear 10 days p.i. At necropsy, small abscesses were found in all the animals in this group. In those given 10(7) bacteria either i.m. or s.c., lesions were clearly observed at the inoculation site 1 to 10 days p.i., and a large abscess was noted at necropsy. The organisms were isolated only from the lesions in the groups. Agglutinating antibody in the sera was detected only in the animals given 10(5) or 10(7) bacteria. This suggests that 10(5) of C. kutscheri are needed to form localized nodular abscesses in Syrian hamsters.
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natural and subclinical Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in rats
Laboratory Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: H Amao, Y Komukai, T Akimoto, M Sugiyama, K W Takahashi, Takuo Sawada, M SaitoAbstract:Distribution of Corynebacterium kutscheri was determined in 41 rats housed in a conventionally managed colony that were infected naturally and subclinically. At 2, 5, 10, 20 and 25 months after initial isolation of C. kutscheri, attempts were made to isolate C. kutscheri from 17 sites, with a new selective medium, FNC agar. In total, the prevalence (97.6%) of C. kutscheri isolation was significantly (P 95.0%). The isolation rate was next highest in the trachea, submaxillary lymph nodes, and nasal cavity (47.5 to 52.5%). The organisms hardly colonized the lung, liver, and kidney. Mean numbers of organisms found in the esophagus, cecal contents, and colon and rectum ranged from 10(3.9) to 10(4.2) CFU/g, and were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) high in comparison with those in the lung. These results indicated that many healthy rats in the naturally infected colony harbored C. kutscheri, and the organisms colonized the oral cavity, esophagus, cecal contents, and colon and rectum most frequently.
