The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ketil Stølen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Approach to Select Cost-Effective Risk Countermeasures
2013Co-Authors: Le Tran, Bjørnar Solhaug, Ketil StølenAbstract:Security risk analysis should be conducted regularly to maintain an acceptable level of security. In principle, all risks that are unacceptable according to the predefined criteria should be mitigated. However, risk mitigation comes at a cost, and only the countermeasures that cost-efficiently mitigate risks should be implemented. This paper presents an approach to integrate the countermeasure Cost-Benefit Assessment into the risk analysis and to provide decision makers with the necessary decision support. The approach comes with the necessary modeling support, a calculus for reasoning about the countermeasure cost and effect, as well as means for visualization of the results to aid decision makers.
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DBSec - An approach to select cost-effective risk countermeasures
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013Co-Authors: Le Minh Sang Tran, Bjørnar Solhaug, Ketil StølenAbstract:Part 7: Short PapersInternational audienceSecurity risk analysis should be conducted regularly to maintain an acceptable level of security. In principle, all risks that are unacceptable according to the predefined criteria should be mitigated. However, risk mitigation comes at a cost, and only the countermeasures that cost-efficiently mitigate risks should be implemented. This paper presents an approach to integrate the countermeasure Cost-Benefit Assessment into the risk analysis and to provide decision makers with the necessary decision support. The approach comes with the necessary modeling support, a calculus for reasoning about the countermeasure cost and effect, as well as means for visualization of the results to aid decision makers
Theo M.c.m. De Kok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation of incidence and social cost of colon cancer due to nitrate in drinking water in the EU: a tentative Cost-Benefit Assessment
Environmental health : a global access science source, 2010Co-Authors: Hans Van Grinsven, Ari Rabl, Theo M.c.m. De KokAbstract:Background: Presently, health costs associated with nitrate in drinking water are uncertain and not quantified. This limits proper evaluation of current policies and measures for solving or preventing nitrate pollution of drinking water resources. The cost for society associated with nitrate is also relevant for integrated Assessment of EU nitrogen policies taking a perspective of welfare optimization. The overarching question is at which nitrogen mitigation level the social cost of measures, including their consequence for availability of food and energy, matches the social benefit of these measures for human health and biodiversity. Methods: Epidemiological studies suggest colon cancer to be possibly associated with nitrate in drinking water. In this study risk increase for colon cancer is based on a case-control study for Iowa, which is extrapolated to assess the social cost for 11 EU member states by using data on cancer incidence, nitrogen leaching and drinking water supply in the EU. Health costs are provisionally compared with nitrate mitigation costs and social benefits of fertilizer use. Results: For above median meat consumption the risk of colon cancer doubles when exposed to drinking water exceeding 25 mg/L of nitrate (NO3) for more than ten years. We estimate the associated increase of incidence of colon cancer from nitrate contamination of groundwater based drinking water in EU11 at 3%. This corresponds to a population-averaged health loss of 2.9 euro per capita or 0.7 euro per kg of nitrate-N leaching from fertilizer. Conclusions: Our cost estimates indicate that current measures to prevent exceedance of 50 mg/L NO3 are probably beneficial for society and that a stricter nitrate limit and additional measures may be justified. The present Assessment of social cost is uncertain because it considers only one type of cancer, it is based on one epidemiological study in Iowa, and involves various assumptions regarding exposure. Our results highlight the need for improved epidemiological studies.
Simon Le Blond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cost/Benefit Assessment of a Smart Distribution System With Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014Co-Authors: Lin Zhou, Simon Le BlondAbstract:In the near future, with more distributed generators connected and new demands arising from the electrification of heat and transport in the distribution networks, infrastructure will become ever more stressed. However, building costly new circuits to accommodate generation and demand growth is time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, active network management (ANM) has been promoted in many countries, aiming to relieve network pressure. Previous research in ANM was focused on distribution areas with significant renewable penetration, where ANM reduced network pressure through significantly enhanced generation curtailment strategies rather than adopting traditional asset investment. This paper proposes the use of electric vehicles (EVs) as responsive demand to complement network stress relief that was purely based on generation curtailment. It is achieved by allowing EVs to absorb excessive renewable generation when they cause network pressure, and it thus can provide additional measures to generation curtailment strategies. The approach is illustrated on a practical extra-high voltage distribution system. The analyses clearly demonstrate the combined management of demand and generation is superior to previous sole generation management. The combined management strategy can achieve 7.9% improvement in utilization of renewable energy, and subsequently increase the net investment profit by £566 k.
Le Minh Sang Tran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DBSec - An approach to select cost-effective risk countermeasures
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013Co-Authors: Le Minh Sang Tran, Bjørnar Solhaug, Ketil StølenAbstract:Part 7: Short PapersInternational audienceSecurity risk analysis should be conducted regularly to maintain an acceptable level of security. In principle, all risks that are unacceptable according to the predefined criteria should be mitigated. However, risk mitigation comes at a cost, and only the countermeasures that cost-efficiently mitigate risks should be implemented. This paper presents an approach to integrate the countermeasure Cost-Benefit Assessment into the risk analysis and to provide decision makers with the necessary decision support. The approach comes with the necessary modeling support, a calculus for reasoning about the countermeasure cost and effect, as well as means for visualization of the results to aid decision makers
John Mueller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk and economic Assessment of U.S. aviation security for passenger-borne bomb attacks
Journal of Transportation Security, 2018Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, John MuellerAbstract:A systems reliability analysis is developed that includes 18 layers of security that might disrupt a terrorist organisation undeterred and intent on downing an airliner with a passenger-borne bomb. Overall, they reduce the risk that such an attack would be successful by 93%. The odds that a lone wolf will be successful in such an attack are considerably lower. This level of risk reduction is very robust: security remains high even when the disruption rates that make it up are varied considerably. The same model is used to explore the risk reduction of aviation security measures in other western countries and in Israel. The benefit-to-cost ratio is then calculated for most of the security measures. It considers the costs and the risk reduction of the layer, the losses from a successful terrorist attack, and the attack probability. It is found that the Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) and police, PreCheck, Visible Intermodal Protection Response (VIPR) teams, and canines pass a Cost-Benefit Assessment. However, it finds that air marshals and behavior detection officers, at a combined cost of nearly $1.3 billion per year, fail to be cost-effective. Accordingly, there are likely to be spending reductions that could be made with little or no consequent reduction in security.
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A risk and Cost-Benefit Assessment of United States aviation security measures
Journal of Transportation Security, 2008Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, John MuellerAbstract:This paper seeks to discover whether aviation security measures are cost-effective by considering their effectiveness, their cost and expected lives saved as a result of such expenditure. An Assessment of the Federal Air Marshal Service suggests that the annual cost is $180 million per life saved. This is greatly in excess of the regulatory safety goal (societal willingness to pay to save a life) of $1–$10 million per life saved. As such, the air marshal program fails a Cost-Benefit analysis. In addition, the opportunity cost of these expenditures is considerable, and it is highly likely that far more lives would have been saved if the money had been invested instead in a wide range of more cost-effective risk mitigation programs. On the other hand, hardening of cockpit doors has an annual cost of only $800,00 per life saved, showing that this is a cost-effective security measure.
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A risk and Cost-Benefit Assessment of Australian aviation security measures
2008Co-Authors: Mark G Stewart, John MuellerAbstract:The Australian government Office of Best Practice Regulation has recommended the use of Cost-Benefit Assessment for all proposed federal regulations. An Assessment of increased expenditure on the Air Security Officer (ASO), or air marshal, program since 2001 suggests that the annual cost per life saved is greatly in excess of the regulatory safety goal of $1-$10 million per life saved. As such, the ASO program would seem to fail a Cost-Benefit analysis. In contrast, hardening of cockpit doors has a significantly lower annual cost per life saved, suggesting that this strategy is a cost-effective security measure.
