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Gary R. Gamble - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of Cotton gossypium hirsutum Lint trash by fluorescence spectroscopy
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Gary R. Gamble, Jonn A FoulkAbstract:The presence of Cotton plant botanical components, or trash, embedded in Lint subsequent to harvesting and ginning is an important criterion in the classification of baled Cotton by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service. The trash particles may be reduced in size to the point that specific trash types are not identifiable by image or gravimetric analysis, and it is desirable to quantify different trash types so that processing lines may be optimized for removal of the most problematic trash to enhance processing performance and Cotton Lint quality. Currently, there are no methods available to adequately quantify Cotton Lint trash based on botanical origin. The present work attempts to address this issue through the analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy of dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of mixtures of six botanical trash types. The fluorescence data are subsequently subjected to chemometric analysis. The resulting 6 partial least-squares calibration models obtained from 128 mixtures are demonstrated in the case of leaf and hull to be capable of predicting individual trash component concentrations with a high degree of confidence.
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TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY Mitigation of Whitefly Honeydew Levels on Cotton Lint via Thermal and Citric Acid Treatment
2002Co-Authors: Gary R. GambleAbstract:Contamination of Cotton Lint by insect honeydew can interfere with carding, roving, and spinning processes at the mill, and thus presents a major concern for the textile industry. Several methods exist for the detection of insect honeydew on Cotton Lint, but there are currently no methods available for the remediation of insect honeydew contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a heatactivated catalyst in decreasing the honeydew level of a contaminated Cotton sample. Cotton Lint heavily contaminated with whitefly honeydew was treated with citric acid and subsequently subjected to elevated temperatures for varying periods of time. Sugar concentrations on the Cotton Lint were analyzed as a function of temperature and heat duration using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Levels of honeydew sugars decreased for catalyst-treated Cotton compared with untreated Cotton when heated at a temperature of 160 o C. Chemical treatment of contaminated Cotton in conjunction with elevated temperatures may be the basis of a potential method for the mitigation of stickiness on Cotton prior to processing at the mill.
Nilantha Hulugalle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of crop rotation and minimum tillage on water use efficiency of irrigated Cotton in a Vertisol
Irrigation Science, 2006Co-Authors: S. B. Tennakoon, Nilantha HulugalleAbstract:Crop water use efficiency of irrigated Cotton was hypothesized to be improved by a combination of minimum tillage and sowing a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation crop. This hypothesis was evaluated in a Vertisol near Narrabri, Australia from 1997 to 2003. The experimental treatments were: continuous Cotton sown after conventional or minimum tillage and minimum-tilled Cotton–wheat. Soil water content was measured with a neutron moisture meter, and runoff with trapezoidal flumes. Application efficiency of irrigation water was estimated as the amount of infiltrated water/total amount applied. Plant available water was estimated using the maximum and minimum soil water storage during the growing season. Evapotranspiration was estimated with the water balance method using measured and simulated soil water data. Seasonal evapotranspiration was partitioned into that coming from rainfall, irrigation and stored soil water. Crop water use efficiency was calculated as Cotton Lint yield per hectare/seasonal evapotranspiration. Rotation of Cotton with wheat and minimum tillage improved water use efficiency in some years and application efficiency in all years. Average seasonal evapotranspiration was higher with minimum tillage than with conventional tillage. In years when Cotton was sown in all plots, average Cotton crop water use efficiencies were 0.23, 0.23 and 0.22 kg (Lint)/m^3 for minimum-tilled Cotton–wheat and continuous Cotton, and conventionally tilled continuous Cotton, respectively. In-season rainfall efficiency, transpiration and soil evaporation were unaffected by cropping system.
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Soil properties, nutrient uptake and crop growth in an irrigated Vertisol after nine years of minimum tillage
Soil & Tillage Research, 1997Co-Authors: Nilantha Hulugalle, P. C. EntwistleAbstract:The effects of three contrasting tillage / cropping combinations on soil properties, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of Cotton and cowpea during 1993–1994 were evaluated in a trial running since 1985 in a Typic Pellustert (Vertisol) of north-western New South Wales, Australia. The treatments from 1985 to 1993 were: (a) maximum tillage (disc-ploughing to 0.2 m depth, chisel ploughing to 0.3 m depth followed by ridging every year) sown with continuous Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); (b) minimum tillage (planting on ridges retained intact from previous years with soil disturbance being limited to deepening of the furrows with disc-hillers and shallow cultivation on ridge surfaces, if required) with continuous Cotton; and (c) a Cotton-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer (bare) fallow-Cotton sequence where Cotton was sown with minimum tillage and wheat was sown with no-tillage. Soil was sampled to a depth of 0.6 m in August 1993 and May–June 1994. Soil properties evaluated were organic matter fractions, dispersion index, soil resilience (a measure of the self-mulching ability of the soil), plastic limit, soil strength (as cone index), soil shrinkage indices derived from shrinkage curves, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na, pH, nitrate-N and electrical conductivity. Profile water content and water extraction, nutrient uptake, crop vegetative growth, Cotton Lint yield and fibre quality were also quantified. In comparison with maximum tillage, values of exchangeable Na, ESP and dispersion index were lower with minimum tillage in 1993 and 1994, and nitrate-N, particulate and total organic matter were greater and pH lower in 1994. Soil compaction (evaluated from shrinkage indices) in ridges was in the order minimum tillage / Cotton-wheat-fallow-Cotton < minimum tillage / continuous Cotton < maximum tillage / continuous Cotton, whereas subsoil compaction in maximum tilied plots was less than that in minimum tilled plots. In comparison with published data, however, subsoil compaction was large in all treatments. Nonetheless, water extraction during extended drying cycles was deeper and more extensive with minimum tillage and suggests that “by-pass channels” may have played a significant role in determining water extraction patterns at this site. Nutrient concentrations in plant tissues were not significantly affected by tillage / crop combinations. In comparison with maximum tillage, vegetative growth of Cotton and cowpea in January and February (the peak of the summer crop growing season), and Cotton Lint yield were higher, and Cotton Lint fibre quality was better with minimum tillage. The highest Lint yield and value, and the best fibre quality occurred where minimum tillage / Cotton-wheat-summer fallow-Cotton had been sown in the past.
G. L. Barker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cotton Lint YIELD ACCUMULATION RATE AND QUALITY DEVELOPMENT
Field Crops Research, 2003Co-Authors: D. F. Wanjura, G. L. BarkerAbstract:Abstract Crop production management during the period of boll setting and maturation of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is critical in determining Lint yield and quality. A field investigation conducted at Lubbock, Texas, during 1977–1980 included three cultivars to study the effect of temperature on factors that influence the rate of Cotton yield accumulation and the development of Lint quality parameters. A linear regression of physiological days (heat units) explained 93% of the variation in prebloom period expressed in days. The number of physiological days needed to complete the prebloom period was negatively related to average daily temperature in a linear manner and included a significant cultivar effect. The length of the boll setting period was determined by temperature and plant moisture stress. In the absence of plant water stress, 20–25 physiological days were needed to complete boll setting. The length of time to fully mature bolls was related to air temperature in a negative exponential manner (r2 = 0.85) with little direct influence of plant water stress or effect of cultivars. Average boll weight of crop increments fluctuated, but the only trend across years was for the mean boll weight of the last two crop increments to be smaller than the average for the total crop. However, there was a direct correlation between the percentage of total bolls set and percentage of final yield. Fiber micronaire was correlated with temperature in a positive linear manner. In the absence of significant plant water stress, temperature explained 80–90% of the micronaire values of individual cultivars compared with 60% when moisture stress conditions were included. An average crop boll temperature of 27°C appears adequate to achieve maximum development of fiber micronaire. Fiber strength also displayed a linear increase as boll period temperature increased, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.60 to 0.77 among cultivars. Plant water stress significantly reduced micronaire values but had little effect on fiber strength. Fiber length was not affected by the range of environmental conditions during the four-year period of the study.
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drying and humidification rates for Cotton Lint
Transactions of the ASABE, 1993Co-Authors: G. L. Barker, J. W. LairdAbstract:Equipment and techniques were developed to study Cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates at temperatures ranging from 49 to 91° C (120 to 196° F). The data provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for Cotton Lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation to the experimental data. Results indicate that both temperature and air condition (dry or humid) significantly affect the “diffusivity” (rate) parameter in the nonlinear equations. As expected, higher moisture transfer rates occurred at higher temperatures and the drying rate was significantly higher than the humidification rate for Cotton Lint at the same temperature. When the diffusivity coefficients from this study and from the literature are plotted against temperature, the coefficients for the dry air produce an almost linear relationship with temperature. Generalized equations for moisture absorption and desorption were also developed, using historical data along with data from this study, for a temperature range of 5 to 90° C (41 to 194° F).
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Temperature Effects on Lint Cotton Equilibrium Moisture Content
Transactions of the ASABE, 1992Co-Authors: G. L. BarkerAbstract:Equilibrium moisture contents for raw Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Lint were obtained for four temperature ranges (7-8° C, 25-28° C, 34-38° C, and 49-52° C) using small fluffy samples (500 mg) of Cotton Lint exposed to a moving air stream (flow rate of 0.0003 m3/s) with different temperatures and humidities. The data are consistent with findings in the literature and show that the equilibrium moisture content for raw Cotton Lint absorption is consistently higher than the data reported for soda-boiled Lint. As temperature increases, the equilibrium moisture content of the Lint decreases for constant values of relative humidity up to 85%. For temperatures greater than 47° C and relative humidities above 85%, the moisture content increased with increasing temperature. Desorption equilibrium data is presented for raw Cotton Lint in the 34-38° and 47-52° C ranges, showing that hysteresis does exist for raw Cotton Lint.
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Temperature Effects on Cotton Lint Moisture Regain Rates
Transactions of the ASABE, 1992Co-Authors: G. L. Barker, J. W. LairdAbstract:Equipment and techniques were developed to study Cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates at temperatures ranging from 5 to 53° C. The equipment worked well and provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for Cotton Lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation to the experimental data. Results indicate that both temperature and air type (dry or humid) significantly affect the diffusivity (rate) and the shape parameters in the nonlinear equations. The rate of moisture transfer increased with decreasing humidity and with increasing temperature for the range of 5-41° C and then decreased for the high temperature (51-53° C) runs. The data taken at high temperatures (39-53° C) deviated from the theoretical decay function as it approached the asymptotic value.
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ROOM TEMPERATURE REGAIN RATES FOR Cotton Lint MOISTURE
Transactions of the ASABE, 1991Co-Authors: G. L. Barker, J. W. Laird, T. E. BuschaAbstract:ABSTRACT Equipment and techniques were developed to study Cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates. The equipment worked well and provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for Cotton Lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation. The equation can be used, with equilibrium moisture content values, to predict the time rate of change of moisture content of Cotton Lint. The equation applies to small samples of Lint (similar in size to the Lint from one lock of seed Cotton) found in an air stream with a small relative velocity (0.04 m/s) at temperatures between 12 and 26° C.
Dipankar Chattopadhyay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a facile comparative approach towards utilization of waste Cotton Lint for the synthesis of nano crystalline cellulose crystals along with acid recovery
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017Co-Authors: Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, Nayan Ranjan Saha, Gunjan Sarkar, Dipak Rana, Dibyendu Mondal, Swapan Kumar Ghosh, Dipankar ChattopadhyayAbstract:There is a need for reuse of waste Cotton Lint (WCL) from the blow room of yarn spinning mills. The drive to use this material for the synthesis of nanocellulose is difficult because of the several purification/pretreatment processes. Here, we developed a combined single bath purification process of WCL and utilized it for the synthesis of nano-crystalline cellulose crystals (NCs) which are valuable nanomaterials with novel properties along with acid recovery for reuse. The micrograph of the synthesized NCs confirmed a network of nano-sized crystalline cellulose crystals having nano ranged diameter of NCs isolated by two processes. The FTIR result established the removal of impurities and hemicelluloses from WCL. The crystallinity index of WCL (∼89.97%) is improved to ∼96% and ∼94% for sulphuric acid and nitric acid synthesized NCs (NC1 and NC2). The crystallite size of WCL, CTWCL, NC1, and NC2 was calculated using XRD and found to be 101.56, 103.54, 98.81, and 95.6nm respectively. The hydrodynamic size (Z-average) (dnm), polydispersity index and zeta potential of NCs was also studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The thermal stability of the NC1 is better than that of NC2. These NCs can be used as reinforcing filler/barrier material.
E. Clawson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of the effects of Telone II (fumigation) on nitrogen management and yield in Louisiana delta Cotton
Precision Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: E. Burris, D. Burns, K. S. Mccarter, C. Overstreet, M. Wolcott, E. ClawsonAbstract:The objective of this paper is to evaluate Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. yield as affected by early season pests infesting alluvial soil within the Commerce-Bruin-Dundee soil series in Louisiana, USA. Novel methodology helped determine the effect of nematicide and selected fertility management practices on Cotton Lint yield collected from research plots and an on-farm test. In the small plot research test, data collected for thrips, nematodes and yield is analyzed using geo-referenced data points. Yields were significantly better in fumigation and nematicide seed treatments as compared to the non-treated plus high fertility management strategy that contained 144 kg/ha N, but more variation in yield occurred in the fumigation treatment with lower fertility management. In an embedded field trial that included three fertility management strategies (96, 138, 162 kg/ha N) applied with and without fumigation, linear mixed models analysis of co-variance techniques resulted in prescriptions for site-specific management of fumigation and fertilizer whereas conventional analysis could not be used for site-specific management.
