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T R Whitney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in kid goat feedlot diets: growth performance and blood serum chemistry.
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Jessica L Glasscock, T R Whitney, Jessica R Navarro, Stephanie G Angle, Aja R Holmes, W. C. Stewart, Eric J ScholljegerdesAbstract:Boer × Spanish kid goats (n = 48) were used to evaluate effects of using ground woody products in feedlot diets on growth performance and blood serum chemistry. A completely randomized study design was used with 2 feeding periods (Period 1 = 70% concentrate, days 0 to 26; Period 2 = 86% concentrate, days 27 to 64). Goats were individually fed 1 of 6 diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 4 wether males and 4 females/treatment; initial BW = 22 ± 2 kg): Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). Ground woody diets were individually compared with CSH. During Period 1, goats fed CSH had greater (P 0.29) for DMI, ADG, G:F, or BW and no differences were observed between goats fed CSH and goats fed any of the treatment diets. Various blood serum variables were different between CSH and goats fed diets containing woody plants (mainly during Period 1); however, blood serum profiles did not indicate hepatotoxicity or any other health issue. Collectively, results suggested that ground Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus ashei, or Juniperus monosperma can completely replace CSH in goat feedlot diets without negatively affecting growth performance or animal health. During Period 1, feeding diets to goats that contain 30% Juniperus virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) may not be economically justifiable in most scenarios, even though goat health, assessed by blood serum profiles, was not negatively affected. However, using 14% J. virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) in finishing diets is warranted.
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Substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in kid goat feedlot diets: growth performance and blood serum chemistry
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Jessica L Glasscock, T R Whitney, Jessica R Navarro, Stephanie G Angle, Aja R Holmes, W. C. Stewart, Eric J ScholljegerdesAbstract:Boer × Spanish kid goats (n = 48) were used to evaluate effects of using ground woody products in feedlot diets on growth performance and blood serum chemistry. A completely randomized study design was used with 2 feeding periods (Period 1 = 70% concentrate, days 0 to 26; Period 2 = 86% concentrate, days 27 to 64). Goats were individually fed 1 of 6 diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 4 wether males and 4 females/treatment; initial BW = 22 ± 2 kg): Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). Ground woody diets were individually compared with CSH. During Period 1, goats fed CSH had greater (P < 0.05) average daily DMI (DMI), ADG, and G:F than goats fed MESQ and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) ADG and G:F than goats fed BLUE. A Treatment × d interaction (P = 0.008) was observed for goat BW during Period 1 and goats fed CSH tended (P < 0.09) to have greater BW on day 27 than goats fed BLUE or MESQ. During Period 2, Treatment × d interactions were not observed (P > 0.29) for DMI, ADG, G:F, or BW and no differences were observed between goats fed CSH and goats fed any of the treatment diets. Various blood serum variables were different between CSH and goats fed diets containing woody plants (mainly during Period 1); however, blood serum profiles did not indicate hepatotoxicity or any other health issue. Collectively, results suggested that ground Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus ashei, or Juniperus monosperma can completely replace CSH in goat feedlot diets without negatively affecting growth performance or animal health. During Period 1, feeding diets to goats that contain 30% Juniperus virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) may not be economically justifiable in most scenarios, even though goat health, assessed by blood serum profiles, was not negatively affected. However, using 14% J. virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) in finishing diets is warranted.
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substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in lamb feedlot diets carcass characteristics adipose tissue fatty acid composition and sensory panel traits
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Chris R Kerth, T R Whitney, Kayley R Wall, S B Smith, Jessica L Glasscock, Jason T SawyerAbstract:Effects of using ground woody plants in Rambouillet wether lamb (n = 48) feedlot diets on carcass characteristics, adipose tissue fatty acid composition, and sensory panel traits were evaluated. In a randomized design study with two feeding periods (period 1 = fed a 70% concentrate diet from days 0 to 27; period 2 = fed an 86% concentrate diet from days 28 to 57), lambs were individually fed six diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 8 animals/treatment; initial BW = 32.9 ± 3.2 kg): Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of either redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). After 57 d, the lambs were humanely harvested and after chilling (2 ± 1 oC) 24 h, carcasses were evaluated for carcass traits. At 48 h postmortem, the longissimus thoracis (LT) was removed from the left side of the carcass, and after freezing for no more than 3 mo, were thawed for 24 h, cooked, and evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Additionally, volatile aroma chemicals on the LT were determined by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/olfactory (GC/MS/OF, respectively) analyses. Lamb HCW was greater (P = 0.01) for lambs fed CSH compared with all other diets, but lambs had similar (P > 0.08) LM area, back fat thickness, leg circumference, and body wall. Neither adipose tissue fatty acid composition (P > 0.08) nor trained sensory panel evaluation (P > 0.18) was affected by finishing diet roughage source. Of the 81 volatile aroma compounds found in the grilled lamb chops, only seven were affected (P < 0.05) by dietary roughage source and included 1-pentanol (a sweet, pleasant aroma), heptenal (a fishy aroma), pentanal (fermented, bready aroma description), 1-(1H-pyrol-2yl)-ethanone (caramel-like), 2-heptanone (cheesy, banana, fruity aromatic), 6,7-dodecanedione (unknown aroma), and butanoic acid (a sweaty, rancid aroma). The addition of any of four species of juniper or mesquite may be substituted for CSH without negatively affecting carcass fat and muscling, fatty acid, or sensory traits.
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Substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in lamb feedlot diets: Growth performance, blood serum chemistry, and rumen fluid parameters.
Journal of Animal Science, 2017Co-Authors: T R Whitney, Jessica L Glasscock, W. C. Stewart, James P. Muir, Eric J ScholljegerdesAbstract:Effects of using ground woody plants in Rambouillet wether lamb feedlot diets on growth performance, blood serum, and rumen parameters were evaluated. A randomized design study was used with 2 feeding periods (70% concentrate diet from d 0 to 27 [Period 1] and 86% concentrate diet from d 28 to 57 [Period 2]); the concentrate portion of the diets mainly consisted of dried distiller's grains with solubles and sorghum grain. Lambs were individually fed 6 diets that differed only by roughage source ( = 8 animals/treatment; 32.9 ± 3.2 kg initial BW): either Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of redberry juniper (RED), blueberry juniper (BLUE), one-seeded juniper (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) spp. or honey mesquite (MESQ; ). Using ground wood vs. CSH as the roughage source did not affect ( > 0.12) BW. There tended to be a treatment × day interaction ( = 0.07) for lamb DMI, attributed to Period 1 when DMI was greater ( 0.10) among all lambs. Dietary treatments did not affect ( > 0.15) ruminal pH, but treatment × day interactions ( 0.10) were observed within day. Treatment × day interactions ( < 0.05) were observed for blood serum glucose, γ-glutamyl transferase, the albumin:globulin ratio, total bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate, P, Cl, and Mg, with most results being less for lambs fed the wood-based diets than for lambs fed the CSH diets. Results suggested that even though lamb DMI was reduced during the growing period when diets contained 30% ground woody products (RED, ONE, ERC, and MESQ), animal health and rumen fluid parameters were not negatively affected by ground woody plants.
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redberry juniper as a roughage source in lamb feedlot rations wool and carcass characteristics meat fatty acid profiles and sensory panel traits
Meat Science, 2011Co-Authors: T R Whitney, C. J. Lupton, S B SmithAbstract:Effects of replacing Cottonseed Hulls with juniper leaves on end products were investigated in lambs. Lambs were individually fed diets containing Cottonseed Hulls (CSH), half of the CSH replaced by juniper (CSHJ), or all the CSH replaced by juniper (JUN). Lambs grew the same amount of wool when measured as greasy fleece (P>0.19), clean fleece (P>0.46), and clean wool production per unit of BW (P>0.54). Average fiber diameter quadratically decreased (P=0.04) and became more uniform (P 0.16) by diet. Myristic, palmitoleic, and arachidic acids, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and the ∆9 desaturase index linearly increased (P<0.09) and stearic acid linearly decreased (P=0.05) as percentage of juniper increased in the diet. Off-flavor linearly increased (P=0.02) as juniper increased in the diet.
S B Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in lamb feedlot diets carcass characteristics adipose tissue fatty acid composition and sensory panel traits
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Chris R Kerth, T R Whitney, Kayley R Wall, S B Smith, Jessica L Glasscock, Jason T SawyerAbstract:Effects of using ground woody plants in Rambouillet wether lamb (n = 48) feedlot diets on carcass characteristics, adipose tissue fatty acid composition, and sensory panel traits were evaluated. In a randomized design study with two feeding periods (period 1 = fed a 70% concentrate diet from days 0 to 27; period 2 = fed an 86% concentrate diet from days 28 to 57), lambs were individually fed six diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 8 animals/treatment; initial BW = 32.9 ± 3.2 kg): Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of either redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). After 57 d, the lambs were humanely harvested and after chilling (2 ± 1 oC) 24 h, carcasses were evaluated for carcass traits. At 48 h postmortem, the longissimus thoracis (LT) was removed from the left side of the carcass, and after freezing for no more than 3 mo, were thawed for 24 h, cooked, and evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Additionally, volatile aroma chemicals on the LT were determined by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/olfactory (GC/MS/OF, respectively) analyses. Lamb HCW was greater (P = 0.01) for lambs fed CSH compared with all other diets, but lambs had similar (P > 0.08) LM area, back fat thickness, leg circumference, and body wall. Neither adipose tissue fatty acid composition (P > 0.08) nor trained sensory panel evaluation (P > 0.18) was affected by finishing diet roughage source. Of the 81 volatile aroma compounds found in the grilled lamb chops, only seven were affected (P < 0.05) by dietary roughage source and included 1-pentanol (a sweet, pleasant aroma), heptenal (a fishy aroma), pentanal (fermented, bready aroma description), 1-(1H-pyrol-2yl)-ethanone (caramel-like), 2-heptanone (cheesy, banana, fruity aromatic), 6,7-dodecanedione (unknown aroma), and butanoic acid (a sweaty, rancid aroma). The addition of any of four species of juniper or mesquite may be substituted for CSH without negatively affecting carcass fat and muscling, fatty acid, or sensory traits.
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redberry juniper as a roughage source in lamb feedlot rations wool and carcass characteristics meat fatty acid profiles and sensory panel traits
Meat Science, 2011Co-Authors: T R Whitney, C. J. Lupton, S B SmithAbstract:Effects of replacing Cottonseed Hulls with juniper leaves on end products were investigated in lambs. Lambs were individually fed diets containing Cottonseed Hulls (CSH), half of the CSH replaced by juniper (CSHJ), or all the CSH replaced by juniper (JUN). Lambs grew the same amount of wool when measured as greasy fleece (P>0.19), clean fleece (P>0.46), and clean wool production per unit of BW (P>0.54). Average fiber diameter quadratically decreased (P=0.04) and became more uniform (P 0.16) by diet. Myristic, palmitoleic, and arachidic acids, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and the ∆9 desaturase index linearly increased (P<0.09) and stearic acid linearly decreased (P=0.05) as percentage of juniper increased in the diet. Off-flavor linearly increased (P=0.02) as juniper increased in the diet.
Jason T Sawyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substituting ground woody plants for Cottonseed Hulls in lamb feedlot diets carcass characteristics adipose tissue fatty acid composition and sensory panel traits
Journal of Animal Science, 2018Co-Authors: Chris R Kerth, T R Whitney, Kayley R Wall, S B Smith, Jessica L Glasscock, Jason T SawyerAbstract:Effects of using ground woody plants in Rambouillet wether lamb (n = 48) feedlot diets on carcass characteristics, adipose tissue fatty acid composition, and sensory panel traits were evaluated. In a randomized design study with two feeding periods (period 1 = fed a 70% concentrate diet from days 0 to 27; period 2 = fed an 86% concentrate diet from days 28 to 57), lambs were individually fed six diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 8 animals/treatment; initial BW = 32.9 ± 3.2 kg): Cottonseed Hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of either redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). After 57 d, the lambs were humanely harvested and after chilling (2 ± 1 oC) 24 h, carcasses were evaluated for carcass traits. At 48 h postmortem, the longissimus thoracis (LT) was removed from the left side of the carcass, and after freezing for no more than 3 mo, were thawed for 24 h, cooked, and evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Additionally, volatile aroma chemicals on the LT were determined by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/olfactory (GC/MS/OF, respectively) analyses. Lamb HCW was greater (P = 0.01) for lambs fed CSH compared with all other diets, but lambs had similar (P > 0.08) LM area, back fat thickness, leg circumference, and body wall. Neither adipose tissue fatty acid composition (P > 0.08) nor trained sensory panel evaluation (P > 0.18) was affected by finishing diet roughage source. Of the 81 volatile aroma compounds found in the grilled lamb chops, only seven were affected (P < 0.05) by dietary roughage source and included 1-pentanol (a sweet, pleasant aroma), heptenal (a fishy aroma), pentanal (fermented, bready aroma description), 1-(1H-pyrol-2yl)-ethanone (caramel-like), 2-heptanone (cheesy, banana, fruity aromatic), 6,7-dodecanedione (unknown aroma), and butanoic acid (a sweaty, rancid aroma). The addition of any of four species of juniper or mesquite may be substituted for CSH without negatively affecting carcass fat and muscling, fatty acid, or sensory traits.
Daniel J Royse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yield size and bacterial blotch resistance of pleurotus eryngii grown on Cottonseed Hulls oak sawdust supplemented with manganese copper and whole ground soybean
Bioresource Technology, 2007Co-Authors: A Rodriguez E Estrada, Daniel J RoyseAbstract:Abstract Experiments were performed to determine effects of supplementation of Cottonseed hull/sawdust substrate with Mn, Cu, and ground soybean on yield, mushroom size, and bacterial blotch resistance of two commercial strains of Pleurotus eryngii . A basal formulation (d.w.) of Cottonseed Hulls (62%), aged red oak sawdust (27%), whole ground soybean (6%), corn distiller’s waste (4%) and calcium sulfate (1%) was supplemented to 50, 150 or 250 μg/g Mn or Cu and to 4%, 8% and 12% whole ground soybean. The Cottonseed Hulls content in the basal substrate was adjusted to compensate for the addition of ground soybean. Formulated substrates were mixed, placed in 1050 ml bottles, and sterilized at 121 °C for 90 min. Mushroom yields were significantly higher from substrates containing Mn at 50 μg/g and soybean at 8% and 12% supplementation compared to the basal substrate. As the level of soybean addition to substrate increased, yield also increased. The addition of Mn at levels of 150 and 250 μg/g significantly enhanced yield as well, although less than did the 50 μg/g treatment. To assess the influence of mushroom strain and substrate composition on blotch disease severity, pilei of P. eryngii were inoculated with Pseudomonas tolaasii . Strain WC888 was more resistant to disease than WC846. Disease severity was greater when substrates were amended with Cu to 150 or 250 μg/g. There was a significant difference in inherent levels of Cu in the basidiomata of different strains, but P. eryngii did not accumulate Cu and disease severity was not correlated with Cu content of the basidiomata.
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Yield, size and bacterial blotch resistance of Pleurotus eryngii grown on Cottonseed Hulls/oak sawdust supplemented with manganese, copper and whole ground soybean.
Bioresource Technology, 2006Co-Authors: A.e. Rodriguez Estrada, Daniel J RoyseAbstract:Abstract Experiments were performed to determine effects of supplementation of Cottonseed hull/sawdust substrate with Mn, Cu, and ground soybean on yield, mushroom size, and bacterial blotch resistance of two commercial strains of Pleurotus eryngii . A basal formulation (d.w.) of Cottonseed Hulls (62%), aged red oak sawdust (27%), whole ground soybean (6%), corn distiller’s waste (4%) and calcium sulfate (1%) was supplemented to 50, 150 or 250 μg/g Mn or Cu and to 4%, 8% and 12% whole ground soybean. The Cottonseed Hulls content in the basal substrate was adjusted to compensate for the addition of ground soybean. Formulated substrates were mixed, placed in 1050 ml bottles, and sterilized at 121 °C for 90 min. Mushroom yields were significantly higher from substrates containing Mn at 50 μg/g and soybean at 8% and 12% supplementation compared to the basal substrate. As the level of soybean addition to substrate increased, yield also increased. The addition of Mn at levels of 150 and 250 μg/g significantly enhanced yield as well, although less than did the 50 μg/g treatment. To assess the influence of mushroom strain and substrate composition on blotch disease severity, pilei of P. eryngii were inoculated with Pseudomonas tolaasii . Strain WC888 was more resistant to disease than WC846. Disease severity was greater when substrates were amended with Cu to 150 or 250 μg/g. There was a significant difference in inherent levels of Cu in the basidiomata of different strains, but P. eryngii did not accumulate Cu and disease severity was not correlated with Cu content of the basidiomata.
Ling Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancing mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) through its in-situ crosslinking with maleic anhydride-modified cellulose nanocrystals from Cottonseed Hulls
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Ling Zhou, Siwei Huang, Changtong MeiAbstract:Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from waste Cottonseed Hulls. The obtained CNCs were grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) and then in-situ crosslinked with Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the crosslinking initiator. MA-grafted CNCs (MACNCs) exhibited improved dispersion state than that of pristine CNCs in the PLA matrix. The in-situ crosslinking reaction further provided a strong bridge for chemical bonding between MACNCs and PLA. The resultant PLA/MACNC composites showed a comprehensive improvement in both tensile and thermomechanical performances. At the 5 wt.% loading rate of MACNCs, the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of crosslinking PLA/MACNC composites reached 56.3 and 1550 MPa, respectively, representing 73.2% and 122.7% increases compared with these of pristine PLA/CNC composite. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that the crosslinking PLA/MACNCs film had the highest storage modulus in both the glassy (30 °C) and rubbery (80 °C) stages.
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morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles cns from Cottonseed Hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol cn suspensions
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016Co-Authors: Ling Zhou, Kunlin Song, Huai N. ChengAbstract:The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. Cottonseed Hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems.
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Morphological influence of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) from Cottonseed Hulls on rheological properties of polyvinyl alcohol/CN suspensions.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016Co-Authors: Ling Zhou, Kunlin Song, Huai N. ChengAbstract:The present work describes the isolation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) with different morphologies and their influence on rheological properties of CN and CN-poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspensions. Cottonseed Hulls were used for the first time to extract three types of CNs, including fibrous cellulose nanofibers, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals and spherical cellulose nanoparticles through mechanical and chemical methods. Rheology results showed that the rheological behavior of the CN suspensions was strongly dependent on CN concentration and particle morphology. For PVA/CN systems, concentration of PVA/CN suspension, morphology of CNs, and weight ratio of CN to PVA were three main factors that influenced their rheology behaviors. This research reveals the importance of CN morphology and composition concentration on the rheological properties of PVA/CN, providing new insight in preparing high performance hydrogels, fibers and films base on PVA/CN suspension systems.
