The Experts below are selected from a list of 201 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhongqi He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Blending Cottonseed Meal products with different protein contents for cost-effective wood adhesive performances
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Zhongqi He, Huai N. Cheng, Jun Li, Donghai Wang, K. Thomas KlassonAbstract:Abstract Water washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) is an excellent bio-adhesive resource because of its cost-effective extraction process and environmentally friendly performance. To evaluate the effects of protein content on the adhesive performance of Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives, we reconstituted Cottonseed Meal products with protein contents ranged from 34.9% to 94.8% by blending different amounts of WCSM, Cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI), and residues after protein extraction (CSIR). Their physicochemical properties and three types of adhesive strengths (dry, wet, and soaked) were measured with press temperatures at 100, 150 and 170 °C. The morphological and rheological data showed that the low-protein-content adhesives with a high amount of residual cotton hull and fiber possessed poor spreadability and adhesive strength. Molecular and thermal analysis suggested that protein ratio had a stronger influence than press temperature to thermal property and adhesive strength. With these data, multiple linear regression models were established, providing analytical tools to predict the bonding strength affected by protein content and press temperature in Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives. On the other hand, the blends with 65–70% of protein content demonstrated the bonding performance and flowability comparable to highest protein product CSPI (94.8% protein) within the acceptable standard deviations. Thus, these observations and data could be helpful in set-up of industrial standard requirements and quality control for protein content in cost-effective adhesive-grade WCSM products.
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greener adhesives composed of urea formaldehyde resin and Cottonseed Meal for wood based composites
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Yan Wang, Yiqiang Wu, Zhongqi HeAbstract:Abstract Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is one of the most widely used adhesives in wood-based composites. The major concerns of the resin utilization are free formaldehyde release and poor water resistance. In this study, based on life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis, a “greener” adhesive composed of UF resin and Cottonseed Meal was successfully prepared via a common synthetic process of pure UF resins. The raw materials (urea and formaldehyde) of UF resins were replaced by Cottonseed Meal with up to 40% on weight basis. The effect of the Cottonseed Meal on the rheological property, mechanical strength, chemical structure, thermal stability, and glue line features of these “greener” adhesives was investigated. The adhesive showed an improved mechanical strength as compared to pure UF resins in the tensile shear strength of bonded wood specimens, especially on the water soaked strength. It also showed similar chemical structures, thermal stabilities, and even better rheological properties than pure UF resins. Cottonseed Meal resulted in good dispersions in these adhesives with up to 30% portion. It acted as a reinforcement for the adhesive other than a filler or an additive. This “greener” adhesive improved the performance of pure UF resins while retained its outstanding features, suggesting the feasibility of using it as UF resins in current manufacturing lines for wood-based composites is there.
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Surface Characterization of Cottonseed Meal Products by SEM, SEM-EDS, XRD and XPS Analysis
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2017Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Joseph Uknalis, Huai N. Cheng, O. Modesto Olanya, Xiaodong Zhang, Brent Koplitz, Jibao HeAbstract:The utilization of Cottonseed Meal products as valuable industrial materials needs to be exploited. We have recently produced water-washed Cottonseed Meal, total Cottonseed protein, sequentially extracted water- and alkali-soluble proteins, and two residues after the total and sequential protein extractions at a pilot scale. In this work, the surface characteristics of the six Cottonseed Meal products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the surface properties of the six products differed from those of a commercial soy protein flour examined comparatively in this work. The compact morphology and relative-high N composition were observed in all three protein products, with greater similarity between the total protein and alkali-soluble protein. The surfaces of the two residue products were more porous with polysaccharide features. Washed Cottonseed Meal possessed the surface features similar to those of the residues. In the meantime, the N-associated functional groups were under-represented in the surfaces of all samples, compared to their bulk composition. Information derived from this work increased the understanding of the surface functional properties of Cottonseed Meal products, which would benefit their practical utilization.
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effect of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and adhesion performance of water washed Cottonseed Meal
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Ningbo Li, Zhongqi He, Sarocha Prodyawong, Donghai WangAbstract:Abstract Water-washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) showed the potential for being used as environment-friendly wood adhesives. However, the influence of WCSM preparation process on its adhesion performance is not well known. This work studied the effect of different drying methods on the several key physicochemical features and adhesion performance of WCSM. Defatted Cottonseed Meal was washed with 8 folds of water for 3 cycles to remove the water-soluble components and dried with oven, freeze dryer, and spray dryer, respectively. Whereas the major chemical composition was unchanged, oven-dried WCSM showed protein degrading denaturation per sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetry data. With hot press temperature at 100 °C, oven-dried WCSM showed poor adhesion performance when compared with its freeze- and spray-dried counterparts. However, the difference among the products with the three drying methods became smaller, and even none with the press temperature at 150 and 170 °C. The adhesion performance could be further improved by pH 4.5 adjustment and removal of large residual hull particles. This study proved spray-drying and freeze-drying more suitable to make high quality Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives for a variety of operation conditions. On the other hand, the more economic oven-drying may be applied to make WCSM product for bonding at higher press temperature (e.g. 170 °C) without undermining WCSM’s adhesion performance.
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pilot scale production of washed Cottonseed Meal and co products
Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Donghai Wang, Thomas Klasson, Ningbo Li, Hailin Zhang, Dunhua Zhang, Tom WedegaertnerAbstract:Enhanced utilization of defatted Cottonseed Meal (CSM)-based products as biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors. In this work, a multiple-step procedure that can be used to produce water washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) and a co-product water soluble Cottonseed protein (CSPw) from CSM was tested at pilot scale. Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to produce CSPw, alkali soluble protein (CSPa) and the protein extracted insoluble residue (CSIR). The chemical composition of these pilot-produced products was generally comparable to that of the corresponding laboratory-prepared products. The fiber content was higher in the pilot-produced WCSM than in laboratory-produced product mainly due to the higher fiber content in the mill-based starting Meal material used in the pilot trial. The protein content in the pilot-produced CSPw was only 64.4% of the solid matter, indicating that additional rinse is needed before drying the HCl-precipitated CSPw fraction. Per the yield and composition data, it was concluded that it was feasible to produce the four products WCSM, CSPw, CSPa, and CSIR from CSM in a large scale. Thus, adoption of this procedure would provide the necessary quantities for exploring the practical utilization of these products in biomaterial industry.
Donghai Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Blending Cottonseed Meal products with different protein contents for cost-effective wood adhesive performances
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Zhongqi He, Huai N. Cheng, Jun Li, Donghai Wang, K. Thomas KlassonAbstract:Abstract Water washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) is an excellent bio-adhesive resource because of its cost-effective extraction process and environmentally friendly performance. To evaluate the effects of protein content on the adhesive performance of Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives, we reconstituted Cottonseed Meal products with protein contents ranged from 34.9% to 94.8% by blending different amounts of WCSM, Cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI), and residues after protein extraction (CSIR). Their physicochemical properties and three types of adhesive strengths (dry, wet, and soaked) were measured with press temperatures at 100, 150 and 170 °C. The morphological and rheological data showed that the low-protein-content adhesives with a high amount of residual cotton hull and fiber possessed poor spreadability and adhesive strength. Molecular and thermal analysis suggested that protein ratio had a stronger influence than press temperature to thermal property and adhesive strength. With these data, multiple linear regression models were established, providing analytical tools to predict the bonding strength affected by protein content and press temperature in Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives. On the other hand, the blends with 65–70% of protein content demonstrated the bonding performance and flowability comparable to highest protein product CSPI (94.8% protein) within the acceptable standard deviations. Thus, these observations and data could be helpful in set-up of industrial standard requirements and quality control for protein content in cost-effective adhesive-grade WCSM products.
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effect of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and adhesion performance of water washed Cottonseed Meal
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Ningbo Li, Zhongqi He, Sarocha Prodyawong, Donghai WangAbstract:Abstract Water-washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) showed the potential for being used as environment-friendly wood adhesives. However, the influence of WCSM preparation process on its adhesion performance is not well known. This work studied the effect of different drying methods on the several key physicochemical features and adhesion performance of WCSM. Defatted Cottonseed Meal was washed with 8 folds of water for 3 cycles to remove the water-soluble components and dried with oven, freeze dryer, and spray dryer, respectively. Whereas the major chemical composition was unchanged, oven-dried WCSM showed protein degrading denaturation per sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetry data. With hot press temperature at 100 °C, oven-dried WCSM showed poor adhesion performance when compared with its freeze- and spray-dried counterparts. However, the difference among the products with the three drying methods became smaller, and even none with the press temperature at 150 and 170 °C. The adhesion performance could be further improved by pH 4.5 adjustment and removal of large residual hull particles. This study proved spray-drying and freeze-drying more suitable to make high quality Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives for a variety of operation conditions. On the other hand, the more economic oven-drying may be applied to make WCSM product for bonding at higher press temperature (e.g. 170 °C) without undermining WCSM’s adhesion performance.
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pilot scale production of washed Cottonseed Meal and co products
Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Donghai Wang, Thomas Klasson, Ningbo Li, Hailin Zhang, Dunhua Zhang, Tom WedegaertnerAbstract:Enhanced utilization of defatted Cottonseed Meal (CSM)-based products as biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors. In this work, a multiple-step procedure that can be used to produce water washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) and a co-product water soluble Cottonseed protein (CSPw) from CSM was tested at pilot scale. Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to produce CSPw, alkali soluble protein (CSPa) and the protein extracted insoluble residue (CSIR). The chemical composition of these pilot-produced products was generally comparable to that of the corresponding laboratory-prepared products. The fiber content was higher in the pilot-produced WCSM than in laboratory-produced product mainly due to the higher fiber content in the mill-based starting Meal material used in the pilot trial. The protein content in the pilot-produced CSPw was only 64.4% of the solid matter, indicating that additional rinse is needed before drying the HCl-precipitated CSPw fraction. Per the yield and composition data, it was concluded that it was feasible to produce the four products WCSM, CSPw, CSPa, and CSIR from CSM in a large scale. Thus, adoption of this procedure would provide the necessary quantities for exploring the practical utilization of these products in biomaterial industry.
Ningbo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of drying methods on the physicochemical properties and adhesion performance of water washed Cottonseed Meal
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Ningbo Li, Zhongqi He, Sarocha Prodyawong, Donghai WangAbstract:Abstract Water-washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) showed the potential for being used as environment-friendly wood adhesives. However, the influence of WCSM preparation process on its adhesion performance is not well known. This work studied the effect of different drying methods on the several key physicochemical features and adhesion performance of WCSM. Defatted Cottonseed Meal was washed with 8 folds of water for 3 cycles to remove the water-soluble components and dried with oven, freeze dryer, and spray dryer, respectively. Whereas the major chemical composition was unchanged, oven-dried WCSM showed protein degrading denaturation per sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetry data. With hot press temperature at 100 °C, oven-dried WCSM showed poor adhesion performance when compared with its freeze- and spray-dried counterparts. However, the difference among the products with the three drying methods became smaller, and even none with the press temperature at 150 and 170 °C. The adhesion performance could be further improved by pH 4.5 adjustment and removal of large residual hull particles. This study proved spray-drying and freeze-drying more suitable to make high quality Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives for a variety of operation conditions. On the other hand, the more economic oven-drying may be applied to make WCSM product for bonding at higher press temperature (e.g. 170 °C) without undermining WCSM’s adhesion performance.
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pilot scale production of washed Cottonseed Meal and co products
Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Donghai Wang, Thomas Klasson, Ningbo Li, Hailin Zhang, Dunhua Zhang, Tom WedegaertnerAbstract:Enhanced utilization of defatted Cottonseed Meal (CSM)-based products as biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors. In this work, a multiple-step procedure that can be used to produce water washed Cottonseed Meal (WCSM) and a co-product water soluble Cottonseed protein (CSPw) from CSM was tested at pilot scale. Alternatively, the procedure can also be used to produce CSPw, alkali soluble protein (CSPa) and the protein extracted insoluble residue (CSIR). The chemical composition of these pilot-produced products was generally comparable to that of the corresponding laboratory-prepared products. The fiber content was higher in the pilot-produced WCSM than in laboratory-produced product mainly due to the higher fiber content in the mill-based starting Meal material used in the pilot trial. The protein content in the pilot-produced CSPw was only 64.4% of the solid matter, indicating that additional rinse is needed before drying the HCl-precipitated CSPw fraction. Per the yield and composition data, it was concluded that it was feasible to produce the four products WCSM, CSPw, CSPa, and CSIR from CSM in a large scale. Thus, adoption of this procedure would provide the necessary quantities for exploring the practical utilization of these products in biomaterial industry.
Yan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Article Decomposition of Proteolytic Enzymes of Earthworm to Cottonseed Meal
2020Co-Authors: Shibin Hu, Yan WangAbstract:The objective of this research was to determine: 1) the decomposition of proteolytic enzymes of earthworm to Cottonseed Meal; 2) the amino acid content in earthworm, Cottonseed Meal and the complex which mixed proteolytic enzymes with Cottonseed Meal. The results showed that the enzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes in earthworm to Cottonseed Meal was high. After mixed with proteolytic enzymes, the amino acid content in Cottonseed Meal increased. Various proportions of essential amino acids is more reasonable. Therefore, using proteolytic enzyme can effectively improve the feed quality of Cottonseed Meal.
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greener adhesives composed of urea formaldehyde resin and Cottonseed Meal for wood based composites
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Yan Wang, Yiqiang Wu, Zhongqi HeAbstract:Abstract Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is one of the most widely used adhesives in wood-based composites. The major concerns of the resin utilization are free formaldehyde release and poor water resistance. In this study, based on life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis, a “greener” adhesive composed of UF resin and Cottonseed Meal was successfully prepared via a common synthetic process of pure UF resins. The raw materials (urea and formaldehyde) of UF resins were replaced by Cottonseed Meal with up to 40% on weight basis. The effect of the Cottonseed Meal on the rheological property, mechanical strength, chemical structure, thermal stability, and glue line features of these “greener” adhesives was investigated. The adhesive showed an improved mechanical strength as compared to pure UF resins in the tensile shear strength of bonded wood specimens, especially on the water soaked strength. It also showed similar chemical structures, thermal stabilities, and even better rheological properties than pure UF resins. Cottonseed Meal resulted in good dispersions in these adhesives with up to 30% portion. It acted as a reinforcement for the adhesive other than a filler or an additive. This “greener” adhesive improved the performance of pure UF resins while retained its outstanding features, suggesting the feasibility of using it as UF resins in current manufacturing lines for wood-based composites is there.
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Decomposition of Proteolytic Enzymes of Earthworm to Cottonseed Meal
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Shibin Hu, Yan WangAbstract:The objective of this research was to determine: 1) the decomposition of proteolytic enzymes of earthworm to Cottonseed Meal; 2) the amino acid content in earthworm, Cottonseed Meal and the complex which mixed proteolytic enzymes with Cottonseed Meal. The results showed that the enzymatic activity of proteolytic enzymes in earthworm to Cottonseed Meal was high. After mixed with proteolytic enzymes, the amino acid content in Cottonseed Meal increased. Various proportions of essential amino acids is more reasonable. Therefore, using proteolytic enzyme can effectively improve the feed quality of Cottonseed Meal.
Joseph Uknalis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Surface Characterization of Cottonseed Meal Products by SEM, SEM-EDS, XRD and XPS Analysis
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2017Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Joseph Uknalis, Huai N. Cheng, O. Modesto Olanya, Xiaodong Zhang, Brent Koplitz, Jibao HeAbstract:The utilization of Cottonseed Meal products as valuable industrial materials needs to be exploited. We have recently produced water-washed Cottonseed Meal, total Cottonseed protein, sequentially extracted water- and alkali-soluble proteins, and two residues after the total and sequential protein extractions at a pilot scale. In this work, the surface characteristics of the six Cottonseed Meal products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the surface properties of the six products differed from those of a commercial soy protein flour examined comparatively in this work. The compact morphology and relative-high N composition were observed in all three protein products, with greater similarity between the total protein and alkali-soluble protein. The surfaces of the two residue products were more porous with polysaccharide features. Washed Cottonseed Meal possessed the surface features similar to those of the residues. In the meantime, the N-associated functional groups were under-represented in the surfaces of all samples, compared to their bulk composition. Information derived from this work increased the understanding of the surface functional properties of Cottonseed Meal products, which would benefit their practical utilization.
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application of tung oil to improve adhesion strength and water resistance of Cottonseed Meal and protein adhesives on maple veneer
Industrial Crops and Products, 2014Co-Authors: Zhongqi He, Thomas K Klasson, H N Cheng, Modesto O Olanya, Dorselyn C Chapital, Joseph UknalisAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Meal-based products show promise in serving as environment-friendly wood adhesives. However, their practical utilization is currently limited due to low durability and water resistant properties. In this research, we tested the improvement of adhesion strength and water resistance of Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives by the addition of tung oil. Our data showed that the shear strength of maple wood strips glued at 100 °C by water-washed Cottonseed Meal (WCM) and Cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI), containing tung oil, increased by 19.9% and 21.1%, respectively, compared to the tung oil-free adhesive controls. After 2 cycles of water soaking, the average of the soaked shear strength of glued maple specimens with WCM/tung oil adhesives was 3.49 MPa, representing a water resistance improvement of 46.6%, compared to the control value (2.38 MPa). For this study, the hot-press temperature (100–130 °C) was not critical for improving the water resistance of WCM or CSPI with tung oil. Optical microscopy images of the bondlines and interface showed that the improvement of adhesion strength and water resistance of Cottonseed Meal-based adhesives were due to the tung oil's prevention of the adhesives from diffusing away from the bond joints, while water soaking diffused the bondline, leading to weaker bond strength. The addition quantities of tung oil varied from 0.05 to 1.0% (w/v) and we observed little influence on improving the adhesive strength values, therefore, we recommend the addition of 0.1% tung oil for economics and convenience. The results of this research provide useful information on Cottonseed Meals as one of renewable sources of wood adhesives.
