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Huai N. Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Review of Cottonseed Protein Chemistry and Non-Food Applications
Sustainable Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Catrina Ford, Wade WyckoffAbstract:There has been increasing interest in recent years in the use of agro-based raw materials for the production of bio-friendly and sustainable products. Plant-based Proteins are among the popular materials being studied. In particular, Cottonseed Protein (a byproduct of cotton fiber production) is widely available and has useful properties. Although not as well-known as soy Protein, Cottonseed Protein has been shown to be a potentially valuable raw material for numerous applications. In this review, the latest developments in isolation, composition and molecular weight, chemical and enzymatic modifications, and non-food applications are delineated. Among these applications, films and coatings, interfacial and emulsifying applications, adhesives, and bioplastics seem to attract the most attention. A particular effort has been made to cover the literature on these topics in the past 10 years.
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Evaluation of polyblends of Cottonseed Protein and polycaprolactone plasticized by Cottonseed oil
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 2019Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Catrina Ford, Zhongqi HeAbstract:AbstractRecently, there has been an increasing trend toward replacing conventional fossil-based plastics with bioplastics that are eco-friendly and biodegradable. In this work, blends of polycaprolactone (PCL) and Cottonseed Protein plasticized with Cottonseed oil were made and analyzed for their mechanical, adhesive, and thermal properties. The addition of water-washed Cottonseed meal (WCSM) to PCL increased the Young’s modulus but decreased the tensile strength and elongation-at-break of PCL. The addition of Cottonseed oil to the PCL/WCSM blend kept the tensile strength about the same but enhanced the elongation. The PCL blends with WCSM and Cottonseed Protein isolate gave about the same mechanical properties, both somewhat better than the PCL/soy Protein isolate blend. As plasticizers, Cottonseed oil performed slightly better than coconut oil, both better than poly(ethylene glycol). The addition of WCSM and Cottonseed oil (up to a PCL:WCSM:plasticizer ratio of 60:40:20) did not change the adhesive perf...
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Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-Cottonseed Protein adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Huai N. Cheng, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based adhesives, unmodified Cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the adhesive strengths of Cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly adhesive resource in wood industry.
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Evaluation of adhesion properties of blends of Cottonseed Protein and anionic water-soluble polymers
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Wade Wyckoff, Michael K. DowdAbstract:AbstractThere is increasing interest in agro-based, biodegradable and eco-friendly wood adhesives as partial replacements for petroleum-based adhesives. In this work, we studied the adhesion of Cottonseed Protein isolate (CPI) blended with several anionic water-soluble polymers. Anionic vinyl polymers studied included poly(acrylate), poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide), poly(vinyl sulfate), poly(vinyl sulfonate), and poly(vinyl phosphonate). Anionic polysaccharides studied included three types of carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), low-methoxy pectin, alginate, and chondroitin sulfate. In general, the adhesive strength of CPI increased with the addition of anionic polymer up to a certain level and then decreased with further polymer addition. Different anionic polymers showed different enhancements. The best result for vinyl polymers was observed for the CPI/poly(vinyl sulfate) blend, which exhibited a 30% improved dry strength over CPI alone. The best results for the polysaccharides were obtained for th...
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Characterization of Cottonseed Protein isolate as a paper additive
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 2017Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Andres Villalpando, Michael W. Easson, Michael K. DowdAbstract:ABSTRACTThere is current interest in using agro-based biopolymers in industrial applications. Because Cottonseed Protein is abundantly available, it would be useful to explore its feasibility as a polymeric additive and possible substitute for petroleum-based materials. In this work, we studied Cottonseed Protein isolate as a paper additive and observed its effects on the paper’s dry and wet strength. The tensile strength of paper was found to vary with the amount of the Protein applied. By application of an 11% Protein solution to the paper, the dry and wet strength increased by 33 and 16% compared with the paper by itself, respectively. The combined use of Cottonseed Protein and an acid (acetic, adipic, aspartic, and citric acids) to promote adhesion resulted in even greater dry paper strength but not in greater wet paper strength. Thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic studies suggested that the Protein interacted with acid and that both components interact...
Michael K. Dowd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of adhesion properties of blends of Cottonseed Protein and anionic water-soluble polymers
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Wade Wyckoff, Michael K. DowdAbstract:AbstractThere is increasing interest in agro-based, biodegradable and eco-friendly wood adhesives as partial replacements for petroleum-based adhesives. In this work, we studied the adhesion of Cottonseed Protein isolate (CPI) blended with several anionic water-soluble polymers. Anionic vinyl polymers studied included poly(acrylate), poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide), poly(vinyl sulfate), poly(vinyl sulfonate), and poly(vinyl phosphonate). Anionic polysaccharides studied included three types of carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), low-methoxy pectin, alginate, and chondroitin sulfate. In general, the adhesive strength of CPI increased with the addition of anionic polymer up to a certain level and then decreased with further polymer addition. Different anionic polymers showed different enhancements. The best result for vinyl polymers was observed for the CPI/poly(vinyl sulfate) blend, which exhibited a 30% improved dry strength over CPI alone. The best results for the polysaccharides were obtained for th...
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Characterization of Cottonseed Protein isolate as a paper additive
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 2017Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Andres Villalpando, Michael W. Easson, Michael K. DowdAbstract:ABSTRACTThere is current interest in using agro-based biopolymers in industrial applications. Because Cottonseed Protein is abundantly available, it would be useful to explore its feasibility as a polymeric additive and possible substitute for petroleum-based materials. In this work, we studied Cottonseed Protein isolate as a paper additive and observed its effects on the paper’s dry and wet strength. The tensile strength of paper was found to vary with the amount of the Protein applied. By application of an 11% Protein solution to the paper, the dry and wet strength increased by 33 and 16% compared with the paper by itself, respectively. The combined use of Cottonseed Protein and an acid (acetic, adipic, aspartic, and citric acids) to promote adhesion resulted in even greater dry paper strength but not in greater wet paper strength. Thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic studies suggested that the Protein interacted with acid and that both components interact...
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Wood adhesive properties of Cottonseed Protein with denaturant additives
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Catrina Ford, Michael K. DowdAbstract:AbstractMost commercial wood adhesive use either formaldehyde-based resins or polyurethanes, both of which include potentially toxic chemicals in their formulations. As a result, Proteins are being considered as greener and more sustainable wood adhesives. While most of the Protein adhesive studies focus on soy Proteins, there is also interest in exploring alternatives. In this work, testing of the adhesive performance of Cottonseed Protein isolate was undertaken in the presence of Protein denaturants, i.e. guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), urea, and alkali. For comparison, soy Protein isolate was also included in the study. At optimal dosage levels, the dry adhesive strength of Cottonseed Protein isolate could be enhanced by 38, 25, or 47% with SDS, GuHCl, or urea, respectively. The dry adhesive strength and hot water resistance of Cottonseed Protein isolate was generally superior to that of soy Protein isolate, with or without the denaturants. Thus, the combination of cott...
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Effects of phosphorus-containing additives on soy and Cottonseed Protein as wood adhesives
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2017Co-Authors: Huai N. Cheng, Catrina Ford, Michael K. DowdAbstract:Abstract Soy and Cottonseed Proteins appear promising as sustainable and environment-friendly wood adhesives. Because of their higher cost relative to formaldehyde-based adhesives, improvement in the adhesive performance of Proteins is needed. In this work, we evaluated the adhesive properties of soy and Cottonseed Protein formulations that included phosphorus-containing acids and esters. For Cottonseed Protein isolate, most of these additives improved dry adhesive strength, with methylphosphonic acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphoric acid increasing the dry strength by 47, 44, and 42%, respectively, at their optimal concentrations. For soy Protein isolate, these additives did not show significant benefits. The phosphorus-containing additives also improved the hot water resistance of the Cottonseed Protein formulations but showed either no effect or a negative effect for the of soy Protein formulations. Thus, the combination of Cottonseed Protein with phosphorus additives appears to be attractive as wood adhesives.
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Digestibility of Glandless Cottonseed Protein in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2016Co-Authors: Anthony J. Siccardi, Michael K. Dowd, Cristina M. Richardson, Tom Wedegaertner, Tzachi M. SamochaAbstract:Accurate digestibility coefficients for Protein, energy, and lipid are needed by feed formulators to optimize diets to meet nutritional requirements and to substitute ingredients cost-effectively. Of particular interest is Protein, which accounts for the majority of shrimp feed content and expense. The current study evaluated seven Cottonseed meal and Protein products. Most of the samples were derived from a glandless cotton variety that lacks significant levels of the antinutritive compound, gossypol. The various Protein fractions were evaluated for apparent crude Protein, crude lipid, and energy digestibility when fed to juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Apparent energy digestibility for the Protein fractions derived from the glandless seed ranged from 76.7% for ground kernels to 94.6% for Protein isolate, and these values were greater than the value obtained for the commercial meal that contained gossypol (64%). Apparent Protein digestibility for the six glandless-cotton-based samples varied from 72.3% for the ground full-fat kernels to 94.1% for the Protein isolate, and these values were mostly higher than the value obtained for the commercial meal (82.3%). The high apparent digestibility values demonstrate that low-gossypol Cottonseed Protein products may be useful as a cost-effective replacement for more expensive Protein sources in L. vannamei diets.
Junyan Zhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment and application of phosphorus calcium Cottonseed Protein adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, H N Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based adhesives, unmodified Cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the adhesive strengths of Cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly adhesive resource in wood industry.
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Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-Cottonseed Protein adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Huai N. Cheng, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based adhesives, unmodified Cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the adhesive strengths of Cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly adhesive resource in wood industry.
Sarocha Pradyawong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment and application of phosphorus calcium Cottonseed Protein adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, H N Cheng, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based adhesives, unmodified Cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the adhesive strengths of Cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly adhesive resource in wood industry.
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Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-Cottonseed Protein adhesive for plywood production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Sarocha Pradyawong, Huai N. Cheng, Xiuzhi Susan Sun, Donghai Wang, Junyan ZhongAbstract:Abstract Cottonseed Protein is a potential alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives as a renewable resource without negative environmental impact in use. Like other Protein-based adhesives, unmodified Cottonseed Protein isolate needs improved water resistance. Thus, in this work, the effects of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) at four concentrations (i.e., 20, 40, 60, and 80 mM) on the adhesive strengths of Cottonseed Protein isolate were evaluated. Compared with control (Protein without modifiers), H3PO4 (20 and 40 mM) increased dry, wet, and soaked strength by 20–30, 72–88, and 24–30%, K2HPO4 (40 and 60 mM) by 8–22, 2–10, and 1–8%, CaO (20 and 40 mM) by 8–16, 11, and 6%, and CaHPO4 (40, 60, and 80 mM) by 12–26, 6–13, and 7–14%, respectively. Cottonseed Protein with 40 mM H3PO4 had the best adhesive performance, especially water resistance (88% higher in the wet strength than control), due to the increased crosslinking at its isoelectric point caused by acidity of H3PO4 (pH, 4.13). Solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the amino groups interacted with these P compounds in the blending adhesives. Finally, an optimized Protein adhesive preparation was applied to bond 3-ply pine plywood. The water resistance of these 3-ply strips passed the industrial soak test as Type II plywood used for hardwood and decorative plywood, indicating that the adhesive under optimal conditions can be used as a green and environment-friendly adhesive resource in wood industry.
Yingde Cui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the improvement of properties of bioplastic composites derived from wasted Cottonseed Protein by rational cross linking and natural fiber reinforcement
Green Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: H.-b. Yue, James H. Clark, Yuru Zheng, Pingxuan Zheng, Jianwei Guo, Juan P Fernandezblazquez, Yingde CuiAbstract:An approach of largely improving the properties of Protein-based biopolymers is reported. Cottonseed Protein concentrate (CPC) purified from Cottonseed Protein powder waste, with a Protein content of >70% and a plasticizing efficiency of 4.2, was used to produce bioplastic polymer. A prepreg consisting of relatively oriented sisal fiber (SF) was transferred into CPC matrix as reinforcement, giving rise to improved mechanical properties of CPC/SF composites. To enhance interfacial bonding forces between the fiber and polymer, dialdehyde starch, DAS, with varied content (5–30 wt%) was introduced, and the FTIR and NMR results showed that DAS can effectively bridge biomacromolecular chains and form strong chemical bonds within the crosslinked structure. This cross-linking treatment leads to the formation of tight CPC/SF interfaces with strong adhesion, as shown by microscopic images, translating into excellent mechanical performance (e.g. tensile strength 21 MPa), water resistance (e.g. water contact angle 80°) and thermal stability (e.g. glass transition temperature 104 °C) of the composites. The all green composites derived from natural resources with comparable or even superior properties to state-of-the-art biomass-based composites hold great potential for being utilized in larger industries.
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Thermomechanical relaxation and different water states in Cottonseed Protein derived bioplastics
RSC Advances, 2014Co-Authors: H.-b. Yue, Yingde Cui, Peter S. Shuttleworth, Juan P. Fernández-blázquez, Gary EllisAbstract:Thermomechanical relaxation events and different water states in Cottonseed Protein bioplastics are presented whilst investigating the effects of aldehyde cross-linking agents. Thermomechanical relaxation of Cottonseed Protein bioplastics associated with Protein denaturation, moisture absorption and broad glass transitions (Tg) were observed from DSC and DMA measurements. It was shown that variation of the aldehyde influences the storage modulus at very low temperature (below Tg). From measurements of the water fusion point, enthalpy, vaporisation, and weight loss, three water states in the water-absorbed bioplastics are suggested; namely strongly-bound-to-polymer, weakly-bound-to-polymer and bulk-like water. The water content and unreacted cross-linking agents are influential factors in controlling formation of the different water states, whilst the selection of different aldehydes was found to be negligible. These results could be valuable for adjusting the thermomechanical relaxations of Protein based bioplastics, and tailoring their properties in wet environments.
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Adsorption of Copper (II) and Lead (II) Ions onto Cottonseed Protein-PAA Hydrogel Composite
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2012Co-Authors: Bu Ning Zhang, Yingde Cui, Guo Qiang YinAbstract:The adsorption behaviors of copper and lead ions in aqueous solution by Cottonseed Protein-poly (acrylic acid) copolymer (CP-PAA) hydrogel composite have been studied in single component sorption systems. The influence of Cottonseed Protein content in the copolymer composition on the adsorption capacity of the hydrogel is studied and the sorption of copper (II) and lead (II) ions is investigated in aqueous solution with different initial metal ion concentration and pH value, respectively. The results indicate that the hydrogel composite is a suitable sorbent for the two metal ions. The experimental data of the adsorption equilibrium from Cu(II) and Pb(II) solution correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetics of the two metal ions has been analyzed and the pseudo–second-order equation provides good fits to experimental data of both metals. By treatment with aqueous HCl solution, the hydrogel can be regenerated and reused again to adsorb heavy metal ions. The characterization...
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Synthesis and Swelling Properties of Protein-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) Superabsorbent Composite
Polymer Composites, 2011Co-Authors: Bu Ning Zhang, Guo Qiang Yin, Yingde Cui, Lie Wen Liao, Xibin CaiAbstract:A novel superabsorbent polymer composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization of Cottonseed Protein and acrylic monomers in order to explore the new application of Cottonseed Protein in nonfood field. This composite was synthesized by solution based copolymerization, using partly neutralized acrylic acid, acrylamide and Cottonseed Protein as raw material, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, potassium persulphate and sodium sulfite as the initiators. The effects of the certain variables of the copolymerization on the water absorbency of the synthesized composite were measured. The chemical structure of the composite was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis. The swelling properties of the composite were carried out under varying pH conditions. Further, the saline sensitivity, swelling kinetics and water retention ability of the composite was investigated. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
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synthesis and swelling properties of hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein composite superabsorbent hydrogel
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Bu Ning Zhang, Guo Qiang Yin, Yingde Cui, Yawen YouAbstract:A novel Protein-based superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized by graft copolymerization of hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein (HCP) and acrylic acid (AA) monomer. This hydrogel was synthesized by solution-based copolymerization, using N,N-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent, potassium persulphate and sodium sulfite as the initiators. The effects of the certain variables of the graft copolymerization on the swelling capacity of the hydrogel were measured and its swelling properties in different solutions were investigated as well. This new approach is a promising method in utilizing hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein in the production of a superabsorbent polymer with excellent water absorbency and potential use in various applications.
